1) The document discusses care for children, including immediate newborn care, breastfeeding, immunization, growth monitoring, and common childhood health problems. 2) Key aspects of newborn care discussed are warmth, feeding, and immunization within the first week. Breastfeeding is identified as the ideal food for infants. 3) Common childhood health problems mentioned include malnutrition, low birth weight, infections, behavioral issues, and teething. Malnutrition is described as the underlying cause of 50% of deaths in children under 5 globally.

1. An Assignment on
Care for Childern
University of Science and Technology Chittagong
(USTC)
Submitted by
Md. Irfan Uddin
Roll:-1083
Reg:-1086
Date of Submission:-06-07-21
Submitted to
Mr. ATM Yousuf
Lecturer,
Department of Pharmacy,
University of Science and
Technology Chittagong (USTC)
Department of Pharmacy

2. Biologically, a child (plural children) is a human being between the stages
of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty.
Childern
Neonate
(Newborn to 1 month)
Infant
(1-12 month)
Toddler
(12-36 month)
Child
(3-12 yrs)
Adolescent
(12-18 yrs)

3. 1) Reduction of maternal, perinatal, infant and childhood mortality and morbidity
2) Promotion of reproductive health
3)Promotion of physical and psychological development of the child and
adolescent within the family.
Newborn care & Breast feeding
Immunization
Monitoring growth and development.
Personal hygiene
Early detection of health problems and treatment
30.2, 36%
19.1, 22%
25.6, 30%
10.2, 12%
Child mortality rate in Bangladesh
(per 1000 live births in 2019)
Child
Neonatel
Infant
Maternal
Objectives of Child Health Care
Child health services

4.  As majority babies cry at birth and take spontaneous respiration, no
resuscitation required at birth in about 95-98% neonates.
 These healthy normal neonates need only warmth, breast feeding, close
observation for early detection of problems and protection from infections
and injuries.
 After cutting the umbilical cord aseptically the baby should be kept dried,
wrapped with dry and warm cloth, examine thoroughly and quickly to
assess normal characteristics, to detect congenital malformation and then put
the mother's breast.
 Identification tag to be tied to the mother and baby.
 Recording to be done accurately about the event of the birth of the baby
(especially birth date, time, sex, examination findings or presence of any
problem etc) in the delivery record sheet.
 The mother and baby should transfer to ward usually after 1 hour of observation
in the delivery room and when the condition permits.
 Sick or at risk neonates need special care in special setting
Fig:-New Born baby
Immediate Basic care of new born

5. Warmth is provided by keeping the baby dry with adequate clothing.
Baby should be kept to the side of the mother, so that the mother's body
temperature can keep the baby warm.
Baby can be placed in skin to skin contact with mother (kangarooing) to
maintain temperature of infant and facilitate breast feeding.
Bathing at first day is avoided to prevent hypothermia
Fig:-Warmth Baby
 Brest feeding
 Artificial feeding
 Weaning
Warmth
Feeding of
Infants

6. the ideal food for the infant
no other food is required by the baby until 6 months after birth
normal mother secrete 450- 600ml of milk daily
 1.1gm protein/100ml
 70 kcals/100ml
Fig:-Benefits of breast feeding for moms
Brest feeding of
Infants

7. Fig:-Benefits of breast feeding for baby

8. Complementary foods are foods other than breast milk or infant formula (liquids,
semisolids, and solids) introduced to an infant to provide nutrients.
-Recommendations on the introduction of complementary foods provided to
caregivers of infants should take into account:
The infant's developmental stage and nutritional status;
Coexisting medical conditions;
Social factors;
Cultural, ethnic, and religious food
preferencess of the family;
Financial considerations; and
Other pertinent factors discovered through the nutrition assessment process.
Weaning food

9. within first week of life.
 The mother should be informed about national immunization schedule and
explanation should given about important of complete immunization and all
possible reaction following vaccines.
 In institutional deliveries all neonates should be immunized with BCG
vaccine and zero polio.
 In outside or home deliveries the BCG and OPV should be given
Fig:-Bangladesh Immunization schedule
Following the growth rate of a child in comparison to a standard by frequent periodic
anthropometric measurements in order to assess growth adequacy
Purpose of growth monitoring:
Immunization
Growth and
Development

10. The purpose is to determine Whether a child is growing "normally" or growing
"abnormally" i.e. Has a growth problem
Steps in growth monitoring:-
Growth Monitoring involves five steps
Step 1: Determining correct of the child
Step 2: Accurate "weighing of 'the child
Step 3: Plotting the "eight accurately on a growth chart of appropriate gentler
Step 4: Interpreting the direction of the growth curve and recognizing if the child is
growing properly
Step 5: Discussing the child's growth and follow-up action needed with the mother
weight is one of the best criteria for assessment of growth and a good indicator
of health and nutritional status of child.
Among Indian children, weight of the full terms neonate at birth is
approximately 2.5 kg to 3.5kg.
there is about 10% loss of weight first week of life, which regains by 10 days of
age.
Then, weight gain is about 25-30 gm per day for I st 3 month and 400gm/ month
till one year of age.
The infants double weight gain their birth weight by 5month of age, trebled by
one year, fourth time by two years, five times by three year, six times by five
year, seven times by seven year and ten times by ten year.
Then weight increases rapidly during puberty followed by weight increase to
adult size.
Weight

11.  Increase in height indicates skeletal growth. Yearly increments in height
gradually diminished from birth to maturity.
 At birth average length of a healthy Indian newborn baby is 50 cm.
 it increases to 60 cm at 3 months, 70 cm of 9 month and 75 cm at one year of
age.
 In second year, there is 12 cm increase, third year it is 9 cm, fourth year it is 7
cm and in fifth
 year it is 6 cm.
 so the child double the birth by 4 to 4.5 years of age afterwards there is about 5
cm increase in
 every year till onset of puberty.
Length and
Height

12. It is an important criteria which helps to assess the normal growth or its
deviations i.e. malnutrition or obesity.
BMI

13. BMI remains content up to the age of 5 years. If the
BMI is more than 30 kg/m2, it indicates obesity and if it is less then 15Kg/m2 ,
it indicates malnutrition.
• There is a variation for the time of eruption of teeth.
First teeth commonly the lower central incision may appear in 6 to 7 months of age.
• It can be delayed even up to 15 months, which also can be considered within the
normal range of time for teething.
• So dentition is not dependable parameters for assessment of growth.
• There are 'two sets of teeth, temporary teeth bigger in size for two sets of teeth.
Child Health
Problem
Malnutri
tion
Low
Birth
Weight
Behaviou
ral
Problem
Infection
s
Teeth
Child Health
Problem

14.  Most widespread condition affecting the child health
 The trigger for this undesirable condition are
Scarcity of suitable food
Lack of purchasing power
Beliefs and taboos about food
 Documents reveals that malnutrition is the underlying cause
 of 50% of all deaths amongst the children under 5 years
 About 15% of the under 5 children were found to be
 underweight globally in the year 2006-12
 This ranges from 1.4% in the developed countries to 24% in
 the developing nations
Fig:-Malnutrition
Malnutrition

15. Reference:-
 Parul Datta, Text book of pediatric nursing, 2nd edition, Jaypee publication, pg no.69-75.
 Marlow, Text book of pediatric nursing,6th edition, pg no. 326-328.
 D.C Dutta, Text book of obstetrics , pg no.219-'"