SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 27
Download to read offline
Business Research
PRESENTED BY ANGAYARKANNI
 1.1What is research?
Research is the process of finding
solutions to a problem after a
thorough study and analysis of
the situational factors.
 http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit01/infoage01_03.phtml
 http://www.google.co.th/search?hl=th&defl=en&q=define:research&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition
&ct=title
1 Introduction to Research
1.2.What is business research?
 Research provides the needed
information that guides managers to
make informed decisions to
successfully deal with problems.
 The information provided could be
the result of a careful analysis of data
gathered firsthand or of data that are
already available (in the company).
1.3.Types of Business
research.
 1.Applied research
 Is to solve a current problem faced by the manager in the work
setting,demanding a timely solution.
 2.Basic research (fundamental, pure)
 Is to generate a body of knowledge by trying to comprehend how certain
problems that occur in organizations can be solved.
 The findings of such research contribute to the building of knowledge in the
various functional areas of business.
1.4. Why is it important for managers
to know about research?
 Solve problems
 Decision making tool
 Competition
 Risk
 Investment
 Hire researchers and consultants
more effectively
2 Scientific Investigation
 1 Observation
 2 Identification of problem area
 3 Theoretical framework
 4 Hypotheses
 5 Research design
 6 Data collection
 7 Data analysis
 8 Data interpretation
 9 Implementation
The seven-step process in
the Hypothetico-Deductive
method
 1 Observation
 2 Problem identification
 preliminary information gathering
 3 Theoretical framework
 theory formulation
 4 Hypothesizing
 5 Research design
 further scientific data collection
 6 logical analysis
 7 Deduction
The seven-step process
 problem statement is a clear, precise, and succinct statement of the
question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of finding
an answer or solution.
 Theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research
project is based.It is logically developed,described,and elaborated
network of associations among the variables relevant to the problem
situation.
 A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible
explanation to some phenomenon or event. A useful hypothesis is a
testable statement which may include a prediction. A hypotheses
should not be confused with a theory.
 Data analysis: the data gathered are statistically analyzed to see if the
hypotheses that were generated have been supported.
 Measurement is the process observing and recording the observations
that are collected as part of a research effort.
 Deduction is the process of arriving at conclusions by interpreting the
meaning of the data analysis results.
Problem Formulation
 "Well begun is half done" --Aristotle, quoting an old
proverb
 Where do research topics come from?
 The idea for a research project?
 one of the most common sources of research ideas is the
experience of practical problems in the field?
 The Literature Review
Levels of Measurement
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/design.php
The Research Cycle
 The Research Cycle
 http://questioning.org/rcycle.html
QUESTIONING
PLANNING
GATHERING
SORTING & SIFTING
SYNTHESIZING
EVALUATING
REPORTING*
 http://questioning.org/module/cycle.html
 Research Project?
 http://www.ri.net/schools/East_Greenwich/research.html
Information needs in business
 Almost every organization has to engage in research at some level to stay
competitive.
 Companies gather data both from within and outside the organization.
 The methods used to gather,analyze,and synthesize information from the
external and internal environments are becoming increasingly sophisticated
to the immense scope of computer technology.
Computer Technology and
Business
ICT
 Information
 Communication
 Technology
 http://tutor2u.net/business/ict/intro_what_is_ict.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/implications/0moralandsocialissuesrev1.shtml
The research process
 1 Observation
 2 Data gathering
 3 Problem definition
 4 Theoretical framework (variables identified)
 5 Hypotheses
 6 Research design
 7 Data collection,analysis,interpretation
 8 Deduction
 9 Report writing
 10 Report presentation
 11 Managerial decision making
Research design
 Purpose of the study:
 Exploratory study
 Is undertaken when no information is available on how similar
problems or research issues have been solved in the past
 Descriptive study
 Is to able to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest in a
situation.
 Hypotheses testing
 Is undertaken to explain the variance in the dependent variable or to
predict organizational outcomes.
 Case studies
 Research design can be thought of as the structure of research --
it is the "glue" that holds all of the elements in a research project
together
Measurement
 The rating scale
 Have several response catagories
 Likert scale is designed o exermine how strongly subject
agree or disagree with statements on a 5-point scale
 Ranking scale
 Are used to tap preferences between two or more objects or
items
 Goodness of measure : reliability,validity
Data collection methods
 Data can be collected in a variety ways ,data sources can
be primary or secondary.
 Data collection methods such as:
 interview(face-to-face,telephone,computer-assisted
interviews),
 Questionaires
 Observation
 Motivational techniques
Sampling
 A sample is a subset of the population.
 Sample is the process of selecting a sufficient
number of elements from the population.
 Studying a sample rather the entire population is
sometimes to lead to more reliable results, mostly
because fatigue is reduced,resulting in fewer errors
on collection data. (time, cost,human resources)
 Surveys are useful and powerful in finding answers
to research question but if data are not collected
from the people or objects that can provide the
correct answers to solve the problem, the survey
will be in vain.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
 The data analysis involves three major steps,
done in roughly this order:
 Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis
(Data Preparation)
 Describing the data (Descriptive Statistics)
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdes
c.php
 Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential
Statistics)
Descriptive Statistics
 Descriptive statistics
 provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures.
 Central Tendency. The central tendency of a distribution is an estimate of the
"center" of a distribution of values. There are three major types of estimates of
central tendency:
 Mean is the most common-used measure of data tendency.=average.
 Median is the middle value , when the data is arranged in numerical order.
 Mode is the value ( number) that appears the most.
 Dispersion (Range, Standard Diviation)refers to the spread of the values around the
central tendency
 Inferential statistics
 t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA),
regression analysis, Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or more
variables.
 we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an
observed difference between groups. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make
inferences from our data to more general conditions;
 we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
Statistics methods
 Central tendency
 Exercise
 http://www.quia.com/rr/51667.html
 http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/Math/mean/Pmeasure.htm
 http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/grizzly/432/Research.htm
 http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php
The Research Report
 Researh proposal
 Research report
 Research presentation
Research report articles vary in how they are
organized, :
 Abstract - Brief summary of the contents of the article
 Introduction - A explanation of the purpose of the study, a statement of the
research question(s) the study intends to address
 Literature review - A critical assessment of the work done so far on this
topic, to show how the current study relates to what has already been done
 Methods - How the study was carried out (e.g. instruments or equipment,
procedures, methods to gather and analyze data)
 Results - What was found in the course of the study
 Discussion - What do the results mean
 Conclusion - State the conclusions and implications of the results, and
discuss how it relates to the work reviewed in the literature review; also,
point to directions for further work in the area
 http://www.wesleyan.edu/libr/tut/litrev/thelitrev.html
Research Proposal
 Title Page
 Abstract (on a separate single page)
 The Body (no page breaks between sections in the body)
 Introduction (2-3 pages)
 Methods (7-10 pages)
 Sample (1 page)
 Measures (2-3 pages)
 Design (2-3 pages)
 Procedures (2-3 pages)
 Results (2-3 pages)
 Conclusions (1-2 pages)
 References
 Tables (one to a page)
 Figures (one to a page)
 Appendices
 Sample Paper http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampaper.php
 http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/guideelements.php
 Formatting http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/formatting.php
Student Presentation
 http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/2008/04/22
/entry-2
 http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/gallery/394
 http://dekkid.blogspot.com/search?q=business+res
earch
Question?
 How can you solve business problem?
 Why do you need to know how to write the research
proposal?
 Do you understand the research process?
 Do you know why do you have to identify problem
statement clearly before doing research?
 Do you know why sampling and statistics are
important to the research result?
 Why do you have to identify the limitation of your
study?
 Why the research report and presentation are
important?
 Do you know how to apply the steps of the research
process ?
Questions
 1.If you want to set up a coffee shop near the
university and school, what is your research topic?
 2.Identify the problem statement.
 3.Identify the objectives
 4.The hypotheses
 5. The research methodology.
 6. The examples of the questionaireใ

More Related Content

Similar to business-research

1st Chapter Business Research Method.
1st Chapter Business Research Method.1st Chapter Business Research Method.
1st Chapter Business Research Method.venkatesh yadav
 
RM 8th Feb ppt
RM 8th Feb pptRM 8th Feb ppt
RM 8th Feb pptBob Bin
 
GBS MSCBDA - Dissertation Guidelines.pdf
GBS MSCBDA - Dissertation Guidelines.pdfGBS MSCBDA - Dissertation Guidelines.pdf
GBS MSCBDA - Dissertation Guidelines.pdfStanleyChivandire1
 
Management Research Methodology - Part 1 By Chen Hua.pdf
Management Research Methodology - Part 1 By Chen Hua.pdfManagement Research Methodology - Part 1 By Chen Hua.pdf
Management Research Methodology - Part 1 By Chen Hua.pdfyassermoulla
 
Research Methodology, Sampling & Hypothesis.ppt
Research Methodology, Sampling & Hypothesis.pptResearch Methodology, Sampling & Hypothesis.ppt
Research Methodology, Sampling & Hypothesis.pptSameer63064
 
Research Methodology.ppt
Research Methodology.pptResearch Methodology.ppt
Research Methodology.pptPraveen Kumar
 
Research Methodology (1).ppt
Research Methodology (1).pptResearch Methodology (1).ppt
Research Methodology (1).ppthabte11
 
Research Methodology.pptx
Research Methodology.pptxResearch Methodology.pptx
Research Methodology.pptxbibha737
 
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptx
QUEENS COLLEGE  BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptxQUEENS COLLEGE  BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptx
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptxAsegidHmeskel
 
Action research data analysis
Action research data analysis Action research data analysis
Action research data analysis Nasrun Ahmad
 
Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46
Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46
Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46Kæsy Chaudhari
 
Rm 1 Intro Types Research Process
Rm   1   Intro Types   Research ProcessRm   1   Intro Types   Research Process
Rm 1 Intro Types Research Processitsvineeth209
 
General research methodology mpharm
General research methodology  mpharmGeneral research methodology  mpharm
General research methodology mpharmAlkaDiwakar
 

Similar to business-research (20)

1st Chapter Business Research Method.
1st Chapter Business Research Method.1st Chapter Business Research Method.
1st Chapter Business Research Method.
 
RM 8th Feb ppt
RM 8th Feb pptRM 8th Feb ppt
RM 8th Feb ppt
 
Rm 4
Rm 4Rm 4
Rm 4
 
GBS MSCBDA - Dissertation Guidelines.pdf
GBS MSCBDA - Dissertation Guidelines.pdfGBS MSCBDA - Dissertation Guidelines.pdf
GBS MSCBDA - Dissertation Guidelines.pdf
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
 
Management Research Methodology - Part 1 By Chen Hua.pdf
Management Research Methodology - Part 1 By Chen Hua.pdfManagement Research Methodology - Part 1 By Chen Hua.pdf
Management Research Methodology - Part 1 By Chen Hua.pdf
 
Research Methodology
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
Research Methodology
 
Research Methodology.ppt
Research Methodology.pptResearch Methodology.ppt
Research Methodology.ppt
 
Research Methodology, Sampling & Hypothesis.ppt
Research Methodology, Sampling & Hypothesis.pptResearch Methodology, Sampling & Hypothesis.ppt
Research Methodology, Sampling & Hypothesis.ppt
 
Research Methodology.ppt
Research Methodology.pptResearch Methodology.ppt
Research Methodology.ppt
 
Research Methodology.ppt
Research Methodology.pptResearch Methodology.ppt
Research Methodology.ppt
 
Research Methodology (1).ppt
Research Methodology (1).pptResearch Methodology (1).ppt
Research Methodology (1).ppt
 
Research Methodology.pptx
Research Methodology.pptxResearch Methodology.pptx
Research Methodology.pptx
 
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptx
QUEENS COLLEGE  BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptxQUEENS COLLEGE  BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptx
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptx
 
Type research
Type researchType research
Type research
 
Action research data analysis
Action research data analysis Action research data analysis
Action research data analysis
 
Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46
Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46
Solving research problem_3539ce35db1215c11a780b1712d47e46
 
Rm 1 Intro Types Research Process
Rm   1   Intro Types   Research ProcessRm   1   Intro Types   Research Process
Rm 1 Intro Types Research Process
 
Independent Study Guide
Independent Study GuideIndependent Study Guide
Independent Study Guide
 
General research methodology mpharm
General research methodology  mpharmGeneral research methodology  mpharm
General research methodology mpharm
 

More from Mbabba2

production_mgmt.ppt
production_mgmt.pptproduction_mgmt.ppt
production_mgmt.pptMbabba2
 
Supply chain management.ppt
Supply chain management.pptSupply chain management.ppt
Supply chain management.pptMbabba2
 
stratmgmt.ppt
stratmgmt.pptstratmgmt.ppt
stratmgmt.pptMbabba2
 
Promotion.ppt
Promotion.pptPromotion.ppt
Promotion.pptMbabba2
 
stratmgmt.ppt
stratmgmt.pptstratmgmt.ppt
stratmgmt.pptMbabba2
 
Human Resource Management.ppt
Human Resource Management.pptHuman Resource Management.ppt
Human Resource Management.pptMbabba2
 
Investment Management.pptx
Investment Management.pptxInvestment Management.pptx
Investment Management.pptxMbabba2
 
Entrepreneurial Development
Entrepreneurial DevelopmentEntrepreneurial Development
Entrepreneurial DevelopmentMbabba2
 
Business Environment
Business EnvironmentBusiness Environment
Business EnvironmentMbabba2
 
International Business.ppt
International Business.pptInternational Business.ppt
International Business.pptMbabba2
 
Arunkumar MBA.ppt
Arunkumar MBA.pptArunkumar MBA.ppt
Arunkumar MBA.pptMbabba2
 
Arun.ppt
Arun.pptArun.ppt
Arun.pptMbabba2
 
Brajesh.ppt
Brajesh.pptBrajesh.ppt
Brajesh.pptMbabba2
 
Deepak Jain.ppt
Deepak Jain.pptDeepak Jain.ppt
Deepak Jain.pptMbabba2
 
Seema Gahlawat.ppt
Seema Gahlawat.pptSeema Gahlawat.ppt
Seema Gahlawat.pptMbabba2
 
Ramesh.pptx
Ramesh.pptxRamesh.pptx
Ramesh.pptxMbabba2
 
Ramakrish.ppt
Ramakrish.pptRamakrish.ppt
Ramakrish.pptMbabba2
 
Rahul Kumar Tiwari.ppt
Rahul Kumar Tiwari.pptRahul Kumar Tiwari.ppt
Rahul Kumar Tiwari.pptMbabba2
 
Raghuram.ppt
Raghuram.pptRaghuram.ppt
Raghuram.pptMbabba2
 
Vignesh Hari.ppt
Vignesh Hari.pptVignesh Hari.ppt
Vignesh Hari.pptMbabba2
 

More from Mbabba2 (20)

production_mgmt.ppt
production_mgmt.pptproduction_mgmt.ppt
production_mgmt.ppt
 
Supply chain management.ppt
Supply chain management.pptSupply chain management.ppt
Supply chain management.ppt
 
stratmgmt.ppt
stratmgmt.pptstratmgmt.ppt
stratmgmt.ppt
 
Promotion.ppt
Promotion.pptPromotion.ppt
Promotion.ppt
 
stratmgmt.ppt
stratmgmt.pptstratmgmt.ppt
stratmgmt.ppt
 
Human Resource Management.ppt
Human Resource Management.pptHuman Resource Management.ppt
Human Resource Management.ppt
 
Investment Management.pptx
Investment Management.pptxInvestment Management.pptx
Investment Management.pptx
 
Entrepreneurial Development
Entrepreneurial DevelopmentEntrepreneurial Development
Entrepreneurial Development
 
Business Environment
Business EnvironmentBusiness Environment
Business Environment
 
International Business.ppt
International Business.pptInternational Business.ppt
International Business.ppt
 
Arunkumar MBA.ppt
Arunkumar MBA.pptArunkumar MBA.ppt
Arunkumar MBA.ppt
 
Arun.ppt
Arun.pptArun.ppt
Arun.ppt
 
Brajesh.ppt
Brajesh.pptBrajesh.ppt
Brajesh.ppt
 
Deepak Jain.ppt
Deepak Jain.pptDeepak Jain.ppt
Deepak Jain.ppt
 
Seema Gahlawat.ppt
Seema Gahlawat.pptSeema Gahlawat.ppt
Seema Gahlawat.ppt
 
Ramesh.pptx
Ramesh.pptxRamesh.pptx
Ramesh.pptx
 
Ramakrish.ppt
Ramakrish.pptRamakrish.ppt
Ramakrish.ppt
 
Rahul Kumar Tiwari.ppt
Rahul Kumar Tiwari.pptRahul Kumar Tiwari.ppt
Rahul Kumar Tiwari.ppt
 
Raghuram.ppt
Raghuram.pptRaghuram.ppt
Raghuram.ppt
 
Vignesh Hari.ppt
Vignesh Hari.pptVignesh Hari.ppt
Vignesh Hari.ppt
 

Recently uploaded

HR for Non HR_Learning and Development.
HR for Non HR_Learning  and Development.HR for Non HR_Learning  and Development.
HR for Non HR_Learning and Development.azischin
 
The Role of Fishbone Diagram in Analyzing Cause and Effect
The Role of Fishbone Diagram in Analyzing Cause and EffectThe Role of Fishbone Diagram in Analyzing Cause and Effect
The Role of Fishbone Diagram in Analyzing Cause and EffectCIToolkit
 
Value Stream Map: A Visual Approach to Process Optimization
Value Stream Map: A Visual Approach to Process OptimizationValue Stream Map: A Visual Approach to Process Optimization
Value Stream Map: A Visual Approach to Process OptimizationCIToolkit
 
Forget Fiverr : Fractional Employment the ins and outs
Forget Fiverr : Fractional Employment the ins and outsForget Fiverr : Fractional Employment the ins and outs
Forget Fiverr : Fractional Employment the ins and outsStephan Koning
 
What is 5S principles of trainers for training institutions.pdf
What is 5S principles of trainers for training institutions.pdfWhat is 5S principles of trainers for training institutions.pdf
What is 5S principles of trainers for training institutions.pdfBALASUNDARESAN M
 
Test_document_upload_SQL_minimum_fourteen
Test_document_upload_SQL_minimum_fourteenTest_document_upload_SQL_minimum_fourteen
Test_document_upload_SQL_minimum_fourteenolgaz9
 
Analyzing and Monitoring Processes through Time Value Mapping
Analyzing and Monitoring Processes through Time Value MappingAnalyzing and Monitoring Processes through Time Value Mapping
Analyzing and Monitoring Processes through Time Value MappingCIToolkit
 
Improving Operations through Observation and Gemba Walks
Improving Operations through Observation and Gemba WalksImproving Operations through Observation and Gemba Walks
Improving Operations through Observation and Gemba WalksCIToolkit
 
Roadway to GDSC- Session 1 Powerpoint Presentation
Roadway to GDSC- Session 1 Powerpoint PresentationRoadway to GDSC- Session 1 Powerpoint Presentation
Roadway to GDSC- Session 1 Powerpoint Presentationgdscghrcem
 
An Important Step Toward Process Improvement
An Important Step Toward Process ImprovementAn Important Step Toward Process Improvement
An Important Step Toward Process ImprovementCIToolkit
 
Empowering Resilience & Strategic Growth: Insights for Emerging Leaders
Empowering Resilience & Strategic Growth: Insights for Emerging LeadersEmpowering Resilience & Strategic Growth: Insights for Emerging Leaders
Empowering Resilience & Strategic Growth: Insights for Emerging LeadersMahmoud Rabie
 
A3 Thinking: A Structured Approach to Problem Solving
A3 Thinking: A Structured Approach to Problem SolvingA3 Thinking: A Structured Approach to Problem Solving
A3 Thinking: A Structured Approach to Problem SolvingCIToolkit
 
From Command Line to Reporting Line: The Diary of a First-Time EM
From Command Line to Reporting Line: The Diary of a First-Time EMFrom Command Line to Reporting Line: The Diary of a First-Time EM
From Command Line to Reporting Line: The Diary of a First-Time EMGloria Chow
 
ANIn Coimbatore March 2024 | Agile & AI in Project Management by Dhilipkumar ...
ANIn Coimbatore March 2024 | Agile & AI in Project Management by Dhilipkumar ...ANIn Coimbatore March 2024 | Agile & AI in Project Management by Dhilipkumar ...
ANIn Coimbatore March 2024 | Agile & AI in Project Management by Dhilipkumar ...AgileNetwork
 
How the Heck do you Teach Level Design? Educating in the Studio
How the Heck do you Teach Level Design? Educating in the StudioHow the Heck do you Teach Level Design? Educating in the Studio
How the Heck do you Teach Level Design? Educating in the StudioChristopher Totten
 
Making Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity Diagrams
Making Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity DiagramsMaking Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity Diagrams
Making Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity DiagramsCIToolkit
 
Organizations in a Future with Generative AI
Organizations in a Future with Generative AIOrganizations in a Future with Generative AI
Organizations in a Future with Generative AIKye Andersson
 
Tackling Fake Agility w/ Johanna Rothman
Tackling Fake Agility w/ Johanna RothmanTackling Fake Agility w/ Johanna Rothman
Tackling Fake Agility w/ Johanna RothmanStefan Wolpers
 
Applying the PDCA Cycle: A Blueprint for Continuous Improvement
Applying the PDCA Cycle: A Blueprint for Continuous ImprovementApplying the PDCA Cycle: A Blueprint for Continuous Improvement
Applying the PDCA Cycle: A Blueprint for Continuous ImprovementCIToolkit
 

Recently uploaded (20)

HR for Non HR_Learning and Development.
HR for Non HR_Learning  and Development.HR for Non HR_Learning  and Development.
HR for Non HR_Learning and Development.
 
The Role of Fishbone Diagram in Analyzing Cause and Effect
The Role of Fishbone Diagram in Analyzing Cause and EffectThe Role of Fishbone Diagram in Analyzing Cause and Effect
The Role of Fishbone Diagram in Analyzing Cause and Effect
 
Value Stream Map: A Visual Approach to Process Optimization
Value Stream Map: A Visual Approach to Process OptimizationValue Stream Map: A Visual Approach to Process Optimization
Value Stream Map: A Visual Approach to Process Optimization
 
Forget Fiverr : Fractional Employment the ins and outs
Forget Fiverr : Fractional Employment the ins and outsForget Fiverr : Fractional Employment the ins and outs
Forget Fiverr : Fractional Employment the ins and outs
 
What is 5S principles of trainers for training institutions.pdf
What is 5S principles of trainers for training institutions.pdfWhat is 5S principles of trainers for training institutions.pdf
What is 5S principles of trainers for training institutions.pdf
 
Test_document_upload_SQL_minimum_fourteen
Test_document_upload_SQL_minimum_fourteenTest_document_upload_SQL_minimum_fourteen
Test_document_upload_SQL_minimum_fourteen
 
Analyzing and Monitoring Processes through Time Value Mapping
Analyzing and Monitoring Processes through Time Value MappingAnalyzing and Monitoring Processes through Time Value Mapping
Analyzing and Monitoring Processes through Time Value Mapping
 
Improving Operations through Observation and Gemba Walks
Improving Operations through Observation and Gemba WalksImproving Operations through Observation and Gemba Walks
Improving Operations through Observation and Gemba Walks
 
Roadway to GDSC- Session 1 Powerpoint Presentation
Roadway to GDSC- Session 1 Powerpoint PresentationRoadway to GDSC- Session 1 Powerpoint Presentation
Roadway to GDSC- Session 1 Powerpoint Presentation
 
Capacity2 - Briefing and Facilitation training slides
Capacity2 - Briefing and Facilitation training slidesCapacity2 - Briefing and Facilitation training slides
Capacity2 - Briefing and Facilitation training slides
 
An Important Step Toward Process Improvement
An Important Step Toward Process ImprovementAn Important Step Toward Process Improvement
An Important Step Toward Process Improvement
 
Empowering Resilience & Strategic Growth: Insights for Emerging Leaders
Empowering Resilience & Strategic Growth: Insights for Emerging LeadersEmpowering Resilience & Strategic Growth: Insights for Emerging Leaders
Empowering Resilience & Strategic Growth: Insights for Emerging Leaders
 
A3 Thinking: A Structured Approach to Problem Solving
A3 Thinking: A Structured Approach to Problem SolvingA3 Thinking: A Structured Approach to Problem Solving
A3 Thinking: A Structured Approach to Problem Solving
 
From Command Line to Reporting Line: The Diary of a First-Time EM
From Command Line to Reporting Line: The Diary of a First-Time EMFrom Command Line to Reporting Line: The Diary of a First-Time EM
From Command Line to Reporting Line: The Diary of a First-Time EM
 
ANIn Coimbatore March 2024 | Agile & AI in Project Management by Dhilipkumar ...
ANIn Coimbatore March 2024 | Agile & AI in Project Management by Dhilipkumar ...ANIn Coimbatore March 2024 | Agile & AI in Project Management by Dhilipkumar ...
ANIn Coimbatore March 2024 | Agile & AI in Project Management by Dhilipkumar ...
 
How the Heck do you Teach Level Design? Educating in the Studio
How the Heck do you Teach Level Design? Educating in the StudioHow the Heck do you Teach Level Design? Educating in the Studio
How the Heck do you Teach Level Design? Educating in the Studio
 
Making Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity Diagrams
Making Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity DiagramsMaking Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity Diagrams
Making Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity Diagrams
 
Organizations in a Future with Generative AI
Organizations in a Future with Generative AIOrganizations in a Future with Generative AI
Organizations in a Future with Generative AI
 
Tackling Fake Agility w/ Johanna Rothman
Tackling Fake Agility w/ Johanna RothmanTackling Fake Agility w/ Johanna Rothman
Tackling Fake Agility w/ Johanna Rothman
 
Applying the PDCA Cycle: A Blueprint for Continuous Improvement
Applying the PDCA Cycle: A Blueprint for Continuous ImprovementApplying the PDCA Cycle: A Blueprint for Continuous Improvement
Applying the PDCA Cycle: A Blueprint for Continuous Improvement
 

business-research

  • 2.  1.1What is research? Research is the process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factors.  http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit01/infoage01_03.phtml  http://www.google.co.th/search?hl=th&defl=en&q=define:research&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition &ct=title 1 Introduction to Research
  • 3. 1.2.What is business research?  Research provides the needed information that guides managers to make informed decisions to successfully deal with problems.  The information provided could be the result of a careful analysis of data gathered firsthand or of data that are already available (in the company).
  • 4. 1.3.Types of Business research.  1.Applied research  Is to solve a current problem faced by the manager in the work setting,demanding a timely solution.  2.Basic research (fundamental, pure)  Is to generate a body of knowledge by trying to comprehend how certain problems that occur in organizations can be solved.  The findings of such research contribute to the building of knowledge in the various functional areas of business.
  • 5. 1.4. Why is it important for managers to know about research?  Solve problems  Decision making tool  Competition  Risk  Investment  Hire researchers and consultants more effectively
  • 6. 2 Scientific Investigation  1 Observation  2 Identification of problem area  3 Theoretical framework  4 Hypotheses  5 Research design  6 Data collection  7 Data analysis  8 Data interpretation  9 Implementation
  • 7. The seven-step process in the Hypothetico-Deductive method  1 Observation  2 Problem identification  preliminary information gathering  3 Theoretical framework  theory formulation  4 Hypothesizing  5 Research design  further scientific data collection  6 logical analysis  7 Deduction
  • 8. The seven-step process  problem statement is a clear, precise, and succinct statement of the question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of finding an answer or solution.  Theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research project is based.It is logically developed,described,and elaborated network of associations among the variables relevant to the problem situation.  A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible explanation to some phenomenon or event. A useful hypothesis is a testable statement which may include a prediction. A hypotheses should not be confused with a theory.  Data analysis: the data gathered are statistically analyzed to see if the hypotheses that were generated have been supported.  Measurement is the process observing and recording the observations that are collected as part of a research effort.  Deduction is the process of arriving at conclusions by interpreting the meaning of the data analysis results.
  • 9. Problem Formulation  "Well begun is half done" --Aristotle, quoting an old proverb  Where do research topics come from?  The idea for a research project?  one of the most common sources of research ideas is the experience of practical problems in the field?  The Literature Review
  • 11. The Research Cycle  The Research Cycle  http://questioning.org/rcycle.html QUESTIONING PLANNING GATHERING SORTING & SIFTING SYNTHESIZING EVALUATING REPORTING*  http://questioning.org/module/cycle.html  Research Project?  http://www.ri.net/schools/East_Greenwich/research.html
  • 12. Information needs in business  Almost every organization has to engage in research at some level to stay competitive.  Companies gather data both from within and outside the organization.  The methods used to gather,analyze,and synthesize information from the external and internal environments are becoming increasingly sophisticated to the immense scope of computer technology.
  • 13. Computer Technology and Business ICT  Information  Communication  Technology  http://tutor2u.net/business/ict/intro_what_is_ict.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/implications/0moralandsocialissuesrev1.shtml
  • 14. The research process  1 Observation  2 Data gathering  3 Problem definition  4 Theoretical framework (variables identified)  5 Hypotheses  6 Research design  7 Data collection,analysis,interpretation  8 Deduction  9 Report writing  10 Report presentation  11 Managerial decision making
  • 15. Research design  Purpose of the study:  Exploratory study  Is undertaken when no information is available on how similar problems or research issues have been solved in the past  Descriptive study  Is to able to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest in a situation.  Hypotheses testing  Is undertaken to explain the variance in the dependent variable or to predict organizational outcomes.  Case studies  Research design can be thought of as the structure of research -- it is the "glue" that holds all of the elements in a research project together
  • 16. Measurement  The rating scale  Have several response catagories  Likert scale is designed o exermine how strongly subject agree or disagree with statements on a 5-point scale  Ranking scale  Are used to tap preferences between two or more objects or items  Goodness of measure : reliability,validity
  • 17. Data collection methods  Data can be collected in a variety ways ,data sources can be primary or secondary.  Data collection methods such as:  interview(face-to-face,telephone,computer-assisted interviews),  Questionaires  Observation  Motivational techniques
  • 18. Sampling  A sample is a subset of the population.  Sample is the process of selecting a sufficient number of elements from the population.  Studying a sample rather the entire population is sometimes to lead to more reliable results, mostly because fatigue is reduced,resulting in fewer errors on collection data. (time, cost,human resources)  Surveys are useful and powerful in finding answers to research question but if data are not collected from the people or objects that can provide the correct answers to solve the problem, the survey will be in vain.
  • 19. Data Analysis and Interpretation  The data analysis involves three major steps, done in roughly this order:  Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis (Data Preparation)  Describing the data (Descriptive Statistics) http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdes c.php  Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential Statistics)
  • 20. Descriptive Statistics  Descriptive statistics  provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures.  Central Tendency. The central tendency of a distribution is an estimate of the "center" of a distribution of values. There are three major types of estimates of central tendency:  Mean is the most common-used measure of data tendency.=average.  Median is the middle value , when the data is arranged in numerical order.  Mode is the value ( number) that appears the most.  Dispersion (Range, Standard Diviation)refers to the spread of the values around the central tendency  Inferential statistics  t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), regression analysis, Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or more variables.  we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between groups. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions;  we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
  • 21. Statistics methods  Central tendency  Exercise  http://www.quia.com/rr/51667.html  http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/Math/mean/Pmeasure.htm  http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/grizzly/432/Research.htm  http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php
  • 22. The Research Report  Researh proposal  Research report  Research presentation
  • 23. Research report articles vary in how they are organized, :  Abstract - Brief summary of the contents of the article  Introduction - A explanation of the purpose of the study, a statement of the research question(s) the study intends to address  Literature review - A critical assessment of the work done so far on this topic, to show how the current study relates to what has already been done  Methods - How the study was carried out (e.g. instruments or equipment, procedures, methods to gather and analyze data)  Results - What was found in the course of the study  Discussion - What do the results mean  Conclusion - State the conclusions and implications of the results, and discuss how it relates to the work reviewed in the literature review; also, point to directions for further work in the area  http://www.wesleyan.edu/libr/tut/litrev/thelitrev.html
  • 24. Research Proposal  Title Page  Abstract (on a separate single page)  The Body (no page breaks between sections in the body)  Introduction (2-3 pages)  Methods (7-10 pages)  Sample (1 page)  Measures (2-3 pages)  Design (2-3 pages)  Procedures (2-3 pages)  Results (2-3 pages)  Conclusions (1-2 pages)  References  Tables (one to a page)  Figures (one to a page)  Appendices  Sample Paper http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampaper.php  http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/guideelements.php  Formatting http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/formatting.php
  • 25. Student Presentation  http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/2008/04/22 /entry-2  http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/gallery/394  http://dekkid.blogspot.com/search?q=business+res earch
  • 26. Question?  How can you solve business problem?  Why do you need to know how to write the research proposal?  Do you understand the research process?  Do you know why do you have to identify problem statement clearly before doing research?  Do you know why sampling and statistics are important to the research result?  Why do you have to identify the limitation of your study?  Why the research report and presentation are important?  Do you know how to apply the steps of the research process ?
  • 27. Questions  1.If you want to set up a coffee shop near the university and school, what is your research topic?  2.Identify the problem statement.  3.Identify the objectives  4.The hypotheses  5. The research methodology.  6. The examples of the questionaireใ