An Overview of Project
Management 6e.
1–1

Project Management Framework
 In this Unit, you would have a broader
understanding of what is a project
 Need for Project Management
 Project Life Cycle
 Project Stake Holders

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What is a Project - Examples
 Research work to identify specific needs of a
customer, say preference of clove salt in a toothpaste
 Devising strategies for eliminating or reducing Drug
Abuse or society related offences

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Characteristics of Project Management
 1. An Established objective
 2. A defined Life span with a beginning and an End.
 3. Usually the involvement of several departments
and professionals.
 4. Typically trying to do something that has never
been done before.
 5. Specific in nature and includes a specific timing,
cost and performance requirements.


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Characteristics of Project Management
 6. Is measured and Accounted with results and
Learning/s.
 7. Enables an Individual or a Professional to learn
and practice the systematic approach of a project
and process to make it more workable and
successful.
 8. A Project manager learns the art of “On Field and
Off Field” management practices that can enable
and nurture success of a project.

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What is NOT a Project
 A repetitive or a routine daily work . Eg., a research
to find a new derivative product or service.
 Program Vs Project . – Synomously used with
each other
 Program -- A group of related projects designed to
accomplish a common goal over an extended period
of time.
 Under each project within a program -- Project
manager …. Project Executives 

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What is NOT a Project
 Program Management – Is a process of
managing a group of ongoing, inter-
dependent, related projects in a co-ordinated
way to achieve strategic objectives.
 For example - A company would participate
in a promotional campaign as part of
Awareness drive of the brand or the product
or service, it provides.
 Example -- Cancer Awareness Campaign.

Need and Importance of Project
Management
 1. Defines a plan and organises chaos –
 Projects are naturally chaotic. The primary business
function of project management is organizing and
planning projects to tame this chaos. A clear path
mapped out from start to finish ensures the outcome
meets the goals of your project.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 2. Establishes a schedule and plan –
 Without a schedule, a project has a higher
probability of delays and cost overruns. A sound
schedule is key to a successful project.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 3. Enforces and encourages teamwork –
 A project brings people together to share ideas and
provide inspiration. Collaboration is the cornerstone
to effective project planning and management.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 4. Manages Integration –
 Projects don’t happen in a vacuum. They need to be
integrated with business processes, systems and
organizations.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 5. Controls cost –
 Some projects can cost a significant amount of
money so on budget performance is essential. Using
project management strategies greatly reduces the
risk of budget overruns.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 7. Managing quality –
 Quality is the value of what you produce.
Project management identifies, manages and
controls quality. This results in a high quality
product or service and a happy client.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 8. Manages change –
 Projects always happen in an environment in
which nothing is constant except change.
Managing change is a complex and daunting
task. It is not optional. Project management
manages change.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 9. Strategic Alignment –
 Project management is important because it ensures
what is being delivered, is right, and will deliver real
value against the business opportunity.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 10. Learning from failure –
 Projects do fail. When they do, it is important to
learn from the process. Project management ensures
that lessons are learned from project success and
failure.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 11. Leadership –
 Project management is important because it brings
leadership and direction to projects.
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Need and Importance of Project
Management
 12. Risk Management –
 Project management is important because it ensures
risks are properly managed and mitigated against to
avoid becoming issues.
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Project Life Cycle
 Undergoes 4 stages in a sequential manner.
 1. Defining Stage --
 Specifications (Specs) of the project are
defined, project objectives are established,
Teams formed, major responsibilities are
assigned. In this stage, a substantial Clarity of
the project and Understanding by the Team is
established.

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Project Life Cycle
 2. Planning Stage --
 Increase in the Level of efforts
 Development of systematic plans.
 Understanding purpose, beneficiary,
objectives, financial implications, ROI, etc.

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Project Life Cycle
 3. Executing Stage –
 Major portion of the project work takes place at this
stage of operations.
 Physical product – report or parameters established –
Time, cost and Specs analyzed and used for control.
 Project Status reviewed as per the forecasting done.
 Review /Rectification /Changes done wherever
necessary.

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Project Life Cycle
 3. Closing Stage --
 Involves three activities
 ** a, Delivery of project/service product to the
customer
 ** b, Redeploying Project resources for other Live
Projects by the company / team.
 ** c, Post Project Review.

Project Life Cycle
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Role of Project Management
 Helps to sustain Economic Growth of the
Country.
 Helps to derive competitive advantage through
Innovation and continuous Real Time
Improvements.
 Helps to drive an Institution or an Organization
“Result Oriented”.
 Helps in development in every step of the
society 29

Role of Project Management
 A extra-ordinary tool for both Private and Public
sector.
 Demand for Project Management courses have
tremendously Increased and gained wider
recognition.
 Approximately in many developed and fast growing
economy, PM contributes to the tune ranging from
30 to 70% in the country’s development.
 Professionals excel in project works eg. CA,
Lawyer, Scientists, PHO, Contractors, etc.
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Role of Project Management
 PMI provides certification as Project Management
Professional (PMP).
 Currently around 5 Lac PMP in the country.
 Ever Green Professional, as each endeavor or
service is a Project by itself.
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Current Drivers of Project Management
 1. Compression or Quickening of the
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
 One of Significant driving forces behind the
demand for PM is shortening of PLC.
 New products with shortest PLC is a reality
For example – Digital Mobiles, Electronic
products.
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Current Drivers of Project Management
 2. Knowledge Explosion
 New Technology, new explosion of
knowledge has increased the complexity of
many projects.
 Digital Age and Digital Intervention has
made man to harness his knowledge quickly
to the need of the hour.
 Need for Integrating divergent Technologies
for survival. 33

Current Drivers of Project Management
 3. Triple Bottom Line (Planet, People,
Profit)
 Customer Awareness
 Common Benefit – son’s of the soil theory
 Ecology conservation, CSA, Reducing
Carbon footprint, using Renewable resources
 Genuine efforts to be in Green Line
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Current Drivers of Project Management
 4. Corporate Downsizing ::
 Downsizing
 Dramatic restructuring based on core
competency of the company and employee.
 Middle management getting replaced by
Corporate Management.
 Increased responsibility of PM in also
managing external Teams from various orgn.
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Current Drivers of Project Management
 5. Increased Customer Focus::
 Customers are highly educated in their
specific needs.
 Companies addressing them through
increased interactions and relationships
 PM – vital for both development of
customized products and sustaining
relationships with customers.
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Current Drivers of Project Management
 6. Small Projects Represent Big Problems :
 Several small projects, allocation of limited
resources
 Inefficient management of small projects
 Wrong estimation of small projects and its
relevance to company’s growth/profitability
 Accountability, flexibility, Speed and
continuous improvements at stake.
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Alignment of Projects with
Organizational Strategy and its Impact
 Projects – Modus Operandi for
Implementing Strategy…
 Strategic Alignment / Plan by Leadership
 Portfolio management by Middle Level Managers
 Project Management by one set of Managers
 This leads to gaps in communication, decision
making and delivery of projects within time
frame and with quality and precision.
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Socio Technical Approach to Project
Management
 The focus of Senior management is only
selections of projects, not implementation
 Hence Implementation is always a challenge.
 Two dimensions within the actual execution of
Projects.
 1. The Technical Dimensions
 2. The Socio Cultural Dimensions
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Socio Technical Approach to Project
Management
 1. The Technical
Dimensions ::
 a. Scope
 b. WBS (Work
Breakdown Structure)
 c. Schedule
 d. Resource Allocation
 e. Baseline Budgets
 f. Status Reports
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Socio Technical Approach to Project
Management
 2. The Socio Cultural
Dimensions ::
 a. Leadership
 b. Problem Solving
 c. Teamwork
 d. Negotiation
 e. Politics
 f. Customer
Expectations.
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Project Stakeholders
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SPONSOR
 An Undisputable Champion
 An Effective Communicator and Leader.
 Have definitely Accountability in the Success
of the Project.
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Project Manager
 Provide a framework for the project’s
activities
 Identify needed resources
 Negotiate with higher authorities
 Recruit effective participants
 Set milestones
 Coordinate activities
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Project Management Team
 Keep the vision clear and the work on track
 Make sure everyone on the team contributes
and benefits
 Mediate conflicts
 Make sure project goals are delivered on time
and on budget
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Team Leader
 1. Initiator
 2. Role Model
 3. Negotiator
 4. Listener
 5. Coach
 6. Working Member.
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Team Player / Members
 1. Technical Skill
 2. Problem Solving Skill
 3. Interpersonal Skill
 4. organizational Skills (Including Networking
Skills)
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Project Steering Committee
 A Steering Committee, which takes wide
accountability and Immense level of
Commitment and Leadership.
 Decision making is quick and realistic
 Continuous monitoring of the wellness of the
projects.
 Help sought out complexities between and in
the Team and its members.
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Global Project Framework

By-
Mayan Sardana