The specific era of theatre: Ancient Greek
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The document provides an overview of theatre in Ancient Greece. It discusses that theatre originated around 550 BC in Athens to honor Dionysus, the god of wine. Plays were performed as competitions during festivals. The three main types of plays were tragedies, comedies, and satyr plays. Tragedies dealt with themes like love and power, while comedies mocked men. Famous playwrights included Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides. Theatres had a semi-circular auditorium for audiences and a stage area for performances. Costumes and masks were used to depict characters and their social statuses.
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The specific era of theatre: Ancient Greek
- 1. THE SPECIFIC ERA OF THEATRE : ANCIENT GREEK Group Members : Matanaeiswaran Rathi Sri Sangeetha Vani Saral
- 2. WHAT IS THEATRE? Theatre come from the word theatron which means a place for viewing. 2 definitions in this context • a building, room or an open area used for performing plays • a play which is considered as entertainment or art
- 4. HISTORY It was between 550 BC and 220 BC that theatre was starting to blossom in Athens, the city of Ancient Greece Plays were produced when a festival is celebrated which is considered bigger than the Olympics these days This was to celebrate one of the God called Dionysus, the God of Wine and Fertility He was the reason why theatre was developed
- 5. CONTINUATION Name of the festival was ‘City Dionysia’ honoring the God Himself Throughout the drama’s, the other Gods or also known as the Olympians were worshiped and honored too Only presented on this festival because plays were famous back then Greeks followed the celebration celebrated by Egyptians honoring Osiris, the god of afterlife
- 6. CONTINUATION Most men were drunk during the festival the men’s costume would be of goats skin which symbolizes as the men to be sexually potent which means the man is capable of having sexual intercourse and to influence passionate lust during the ceremony which is to satisfy Dionysus
- 7. CONTINUATION Only celebrated in Athens, the main centre of theatrical traditions. Not much people involved when a play is produced. One person becomes everything. The dramatist, actor and the director
- 8. CONTINUATION Eventually it developed. A few mute characters came in but still the Grecians never fancy huge number of people to be on stage. Important detail about the Ancient Greek theatre was that, the plays / dramas were all performed as a competition. The best play would have the honor of winning
- 10. TRAGEDY Very popular during the Ancient Greek Era Comes from the word ‘tragos’ which refers to the goats which were sacrificed to Dionysus before the festival Themes dealt with in this play are love, power abuse and the relationship between Gods and mankind. begins with a crime being committed by the main character then the character just breaks down due to his consequences
- 11. TRAGEDY Thespis created the tragedy and he was the earliest actor to have won the theatrical contest Thespis was known as the Father of Tragedy performed Dithyrambs, an ancient Greek hymn by Aristotle who says was the origin of the Athenian tragedy
- 12. TRAGEDY Three well – known playwrights for tragedy during the fifth century SOPHOCLES AESCHYLUS EURIPEDES
- 13. COMEDY it was all based on imitation Mocking men and their power was the very first comedy plays produced Then it was improvised and it became more like sit coms these days
- 14. COMEDY Aristophanes – well known playwright for comedy Competed in a major Athenian festivals Most debatable piece was Lysistrata
- 15. SATYR Is a tragicomedy the play is actually based on myths with comedy in it played at the end of the festival or in between the three tragedy plays during the festival To break all the worries and tension Was introduced by Pratinas of Philus and then modified by his son Aristeas
- 16. FAMOUS PLAYS By Sophocles • • • Oedipus Rex – Tragedy Antigone – Tragedy Ajax – Tragedy By Aeschylus • • • The Persians – Tragedy The Oresteia – Tragedy Prometheus Bound – Tragedy
- 17. FAMOUS PLAYS By Euripedes • Medea – Tragedy • Alcestis – Tragedy By Aristophanes • The Frogs – Comedy • Lysistrata - Comedy
- 18. FAMOUS ACTORS Araros • Son of Aristophanes • Well – known for comedy plays Metrobius • Tragic play actor • Roman actor but was born as a Greek Thespis • Very first man to act. Tragedy play actor • Singer of Dithyrambs
- 19. FAMOUS PLAYWRIGHTS Aristophanes (ca 446 – ca 386 bc) Well – known for comedies 40 plays were written but only 11 survived Famous scripts : Lysistrata and The Wasps
- 20. FAMOUS PLAYWRIGHTS Euripides (ca 480 – ca 406 BC) Greek tragedian Wrote 95 plays but only 18 are available Famous works : Medea, The Bacchus and Alcestis
- 21. FAMOUS PLAYWRIGHTS Sophocles (ca 496 – ca 406 BC) Tragedian Wrote 123 scripts but unfortunately only 7 survived His works are Antigone, Oepidus, The King and Electra
- 22. THEATRE
- 23. THEATRE STRUCTURE Theatron • covers the largest part of the theatre • audience are seated. It is a semi – circle and it was a terrace Orchestra • play is performed • Called as the ‘dancing place’ • not only the place where performance is done but there is also an altar for Dionysus in the middle of the stage
- 24. THEATRE STRUCTURE Parados • is located on both side of the theatre is the entrance whereby actors comes in and goes out Skene • back of the orchestra • backstage of the theatre. It is where the actors change their costumes or masks before entering the Orchestra
- 26. COSTUMES Their costume symbolizes a few details. • If we have a man wearing a purple coloured costume. That means he is a rich man. • Soldiers on the other hand wore short cloaks. • If a man is wearing a striped robe it means he is a boy. • A poor man is displayed by wearing a red costume.
- 27. COSTUMES • A woman is portrayed when the actor is wearing yellow colour. • Short tunics portrayed slaves. • A God is portrayed when the actor wears a yellow tassel.
- 28. MASKS huge for both Ancient Greek and Roman theatre actor would be wearing a mask to portray their character few masks can be seen from those days because they were made from linen or cork which eventually will not last long The best part of the mask is that when one wears it, it amplifies the voice of the actor in order for everyone in the audience could hear it.