1.
Animal Diversity: Invertebrates
by
Maryam Riasat
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA

2.
Echinoderms
 Echinoderms means
“spiny skin”
 Includes sea stars, sea
cucumbers, sea urchins
 All are marine
 Found on the bottom of
the sea
 Pentaradial symmetry
 Body parts arranged in
fives around an oral-
aboral axis.

3.
Skeletal system
 Endoskeleton: skeleton found
within the tissues
 It is always covered by a thin
layer of tissue. Spines and
bumps give reference to their
name which means “spiny-
skinned”
 Has a water vascular system for
movement and structure
 Network of canals in which sea
water circulates throughout the
body

4.
Respiratory system
• Respiratory system is not well defined
• Contain tube feet and skin gills for respiration
• Respiration also carried out by the water
vascular system

5.
Circulatory system
 No circulatory system
 True heart and blood are absent
 The coelom is adapted into a water vascular
system that circulates nutrients, blood and gases

6.
Nervous System
 Nervous system contain nerve cords
 Echinoderms lack a brain, but they make up a simple system
of scattered nerve cells around their body which can sense
light, gravity, and chemicals released by potential prey
 Tube feet works as sensory structures

7.
Digestive system
 Contain complete but simple digestive system
 Mouth stomach intestine anus
 Mouth and stomach can extend outside of the body
 Digestive enzymes located in glands that extend into
the arms

8.
Reproduction
 Reproduce sexually
 Regeneration occurs if lost an
arm or guts
 Echinoderms reproduce by
external fertilization
 Both types of gametes are
excreted into the open water
where fertilization occurs
 Larvae can freely swim around
before settling into the sea floor
to mature into adults

9.
Taxonomic summary

10.
Asteroidea
 Includes sea stars or starfish
 Most have 5 arms from a
central disk, though can have
up to 50
 Each arm carries an equal
share of organ systems
 The anus is on the aboral (top)
side
 Hundreds of tube feet are
found in channels called
ambulacral grooves radiating
from the central disk

11.
Ophiuroidea
 Includes brittle stars
 Legs proportionally longer, thinner and flexible than sea starts
 Organs in central disc
 Tube feet lack suckers
 Eat particulate matter on the ocean floor

12.
Echinoidea
 Includes sea urchins and
sand dollars
 Body structure forms a
round, rigid body with
movable spins and
pedicellarie
 Locomotion achieved by
movable spines
 Grazers – feed on algae and
dead organic matter

13.
Crinoidea
 Includes sea lilies and feather
stars
 Sea lilies have a long
stalk with branching arms that
attach them to rocks and the
ocean bottom
 Feather stars can detach and
move around
 Mouth & anus on upper sarface

14.
Holothuroidea
 Sea Cucumbers
 Elongated body, stretched
out from mouth to anus
 Tough skin supported by
calcareous spicules
 Tube feet near the mouth are
modified into tentacles for
feeding
 Some burrow and capture
food while others ingest
sand and filter out detritus
and small organisms