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BCC o Diuréticos?
Elijamos el segundo mejor
Dos de las tres principales guías en
farmacoterapia antihipertensiva
publicadas en el 2003,
el JNC 7 y la declaración de WHO/ISH,
proponen el uso de un diurético
como droga de la primera opción
en los pacientes que no presenten
ninguna indicación que obligue
un agente de una clase diversa.
El tercer documento principal
publicado en 2007,
las pautas de ESH/ESC,
incluye los diuréticos en un pool
de cinco medicaciones posibles
de primera opción.
U.S. Department of
Health and Human
Services
National Institutes
of Health
National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute
Treatment of Adults with Systolic/Diastolic
Hypertension without Other Compelling Indications
TARGET <140/90 mmHg
INITIAL TREATMENT AND MONOTHERAPY
* BBs are not indicated as first line therapy for age 60 and above
Beta-
blocker*
Long-acting
CCB
Thiazide ACE-I ARB
Lifestyle modification
therapy
ACEI and ARB are contraindicated in pregnancy and caution is
required in prescribing to women of child bearing potential
A combination of 2 first line drugs may
be considered as initial therapy if the
blood pressure is >20 mmHg systolic or
>10 mmHg diastolic above target
Can J Cardiol 2009;25(5):287-298.
Evolución en el Manejo de la HTA
Altas
dosis
Diuréticos
Altas
dosis
Diuréticos
Bajas
dosis
Diuréticos
o
-Bloq.
Diuréticos o
-Bloq.
o
IECA
o
BCC
Diuréticos
o
-Bloq.
o
IECA
o
BCC
o
-Bloq.
o
(/ -Bloq.)
Sólo un agente
titulación
preferida
•Terapia
individualizada
• Solo un
agente,
titulación
preferida
• Bajas dosis de
terapia combo
como opción
secundaria
• Enfoque
sobre control
de HTA
sistólica
• Enfasis en
terapia
combinada
JNC I
1977
JNC II
1980
JNC III
1984
JNC IV
1988
JNC V
1993
JNC VI
1997
JNC VII
Altas dosis
Monoterapia
Bajas dosis
Tx Combinada
CLASS DRUG (TRADE NAME)
USUAL DOSE
RANGE
IN MG/DAY
USUAL DAILY
FREQUENCY
Thiazide diuretics Chlorothiazide ( Diuril)
Chlorthalidone (generic)
Hydrochlorothiazide (
micrizide, hydroDIURIL)
Polythiazide( Renese)
Indapamide (Lozol)
Metolazone (Mykrox)
Metolazone ( Zaroxolyn)
125-500
12.5-25
12.5-50
2-4
1.25-2.25
0.5-1.0
2.5-5
1-2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Loop diuretics Bumetanide (Bumex)
Furosemide ( Lasix )
Torsemide ( Demadex)
5-10
20-80
2.5-10
2
2
1
Potassium- sparing
diuretics
Amiloride (midamor)
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
5-10
2.5-10
1-2
1-2
Tabla: Oral antihypertensive drugs
-13
-5
-8
-15
-24
-20
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
Control de la Hipertensión Sistólica
BCA vs DIU vs IECA vs BB
Adaptado de Morgan TO et al. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14: 241-247
BCA: amlodipina o felodipina; IECA: enalapril o perindopril; DIU: HCTZ;
BB: Atenolol
BCA DIU IECA BB
p < 0.005
p = NS p = NS
ReducciónTAS(mmHg)
70
75
80
85
90
130
135
140
145
150
ALLHAT Mean Systolic and Diastolic
Blood Pressure During Follow-up
SystolicBP(mmHg)
Follow-up, yrs
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
DiastolicBP(mmHg)
Chlorthalidone
Amlodipine
Lisinopril
Chlorthalidone
Amlodipine
Lisinopril
ALLHAT Research Group. JAMA. 2002;288:2981-2997.
Copyright ©2002, American Medical Association.
SBP=systolic blood pressure DBP=diastolic
blood pressure
Compared to chlorthalidone:
DBP significantly lower in
amlodipine group (~1 mmHg).
Compared to chlorthalidone:
SBP significantly higher in
amlodipine (~1 mmHg) and
lisinopril (~2 mmHg) groups.
Reducciones de la TAS a partir de la
inicial en pacientes afro- americanos
Placebo
Val 80 mg
Val/HCTZ 80/12.5 mg
Val 160 mg
Val/HCTZ 160/12.5 mg
Val/HCTZ 160/25 mg
Val 320 mg
Val/HCTZ 320/12.5 mg
Val/HCTZ 320/25 mg
N
87
55
12
83
46
15
69
35
33
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Cambio promedio en la TAS (mmHg)
Weir et al. J Clin Hypertens 2007;9:103–112 (Meta-analysis)
Combinaciones de diferentes clases de
antihipertensivos
Antagonista de
Calcio
Inhibidores ECA
- bloqueadores
- bloqueadores
Diuréticos tiazídicos
Bloqueadores
Receptor AT1
0
4
8
12
16
20
ALLHAT: Objetivo primario del
tratamiento
CumulativeFatalCHDand
NonfatalMIeventrate(%)
Time to event, yrs
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
15255
9048
9054
7
No. at Risk
Chlorthalidone
Amlodipine
Lisinopril
14477
8576
8535
13820
8218
8123
13102
7843
7711
11362
6824
6662
6340
3870
3832
2956
1878
1770
209
215
195
Chlorthalidone
Amlodipine
Lisinopril
ALLHAT Research Group. JAMA. 2002;288:2981-2997.
Copyright ©2002, American Medical Association.
CumulativeMortalityRate
Years to Death
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
.05
.1
.15
.2
.25
.3
Number at risk:
Chlor 15,255 14,933 14,564 14,077 12,480 7.185 3,523 4288
Amlo 9,048 8,847 8,654 8,391 7,442 4,312 2,101 217
Lisin 9,054 8,853 8,612 8,318 7,382 4,304 2,121 144
Cumulative Event Rates for All-Cause
Mortality by ALLHAT Treatment Group
HR (95% CI) p value
A/C 0.96 (0.89-1.02) 0.20
L/C 1.00 (0.94-1.08) 0.90
ALLHAT
Chlorthalidone
Amlodipine
Lisinopril
Years to CHD Event
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CumulativeCHDEventRate
0
.04
.08
.12
.16
.2
Number at Risk:
Chlorthalidone 15,255 14,477 13,820 13,102 11,362 6,340 2,956 209
Amlodipine 9,048 8,576 8,218 7,843 6,824 3,870 1,878 215
Lisinopril 9,054 8,535 8,123 7,711 6,662 3,832 1,770 195
Cumulative Event Rates for the Primary
Outcome (Fatal CHD or Nonfatal MI) by
ALLHAT Treatment Group
RR (95% CI) p value
A/C 0.98 (0.90-1.07) 0.65
L/C 0.99 (0.91-1.08) 0.81
ALLHAT
Chlorthalidone
Amlodipine
Lisinopril
LIFE Study Primary Composite Endpoint
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66
Losartan (n)4605 4524 4460 4392 4312 4247 4189 4112 4047 3897 1889 901
Atenolol (n)4588 4494 4414 4349 4289 4205 4135 4066 3992 3821 1854 876
Dahlof B, et al. Lancet. 2002;359:995-1003.
Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Science.
www.hypertensiononline.or
g
Study Month
Proportionofpatients
withfirstevent(%)
Losartan
Atenolol
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Adjusted risk reduction 13·0%, P=0·021
Unadjusted risk reduction 14·6%, P=0·009
LIFE Study New-Onset Diabetes
Losartan
Atenolol
Proportionofpatients
withfirstevent(%)
10
Adjusted risk reduction 25%, P=0·001
Unadjusted risk reduction 25%, P=0·001
Study MonthDahlof B, et al. Lancet. 2002;359:995-1003.
Presented by B Dahlof at the American College of Cardiology
Scientific Sessions Late-Breaking Clinical Trials III, 2002.
www.hypertensiononline.or
g
0 6 12 18 24 36 42 48 54 60 6630
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Beckett N. N Engl J med 2008;358/ACC 2008
P<0.0001
Placebo
IndapamideSR
±perindopril
Placebo
IndapamideSR ±perindopril
Insuficiencia Cardiaca
(reducción 64%)
3845 pacientes
> 80 años
PAS > 160 mmHg
HYVET
The Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial
Beckett N. N Engl J med 2008;358/ACC 2008
Todos los ACV
(30% reduction)
Placebo
IndapamideSR ±perindopril
Indapamide
SR
±perindopril
Placebo
P=0.055
3845 pacientes
> 80 años
PAS > 160 mmHg
Beckett N. N Engl J med 2008;358/ACC 2008
HYVET
The Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial
Cutler, J. A. et al. Circulation 2008;117:2691-2705
Network meta-analysis of first-line treatment strategies in randomized
controlled clinical trials in hypertension
ICC X X X X X
ACC/AHA Guías ICC. MERIT-HF.
COPERNICUS CIBIS.
SOLVD.AIRE.TRACE.
ValHeft.RALES
Post IM X X X
ACC/AHA Guías Post IM. BHAT.
SAVE. Crapricorn-EPHESUS
Alto riesgo
para EAC X X X X
ALLHAT.HOPE.ANBP2.
LIFE.CONVINCE
Diabetes X X X X X
NFK-ADA Guías. UKPDS. ALLHAT
Enf . Renal
Crónica X X
NFK guías. Captopril trial.
RENAAL. IDNT. REIN.AASK
Preven. Rec.
ACV X X
PROGRESS
Situación de alto
riesgo y
apremiante
Ensayo Clínico
Selección de Drogas y Condiciones Precisas
JNC VII Chobanian A et al.. Jama May 21 2003; 289
Charm 2005
Resistencia a la Insulina y
Agentes Antihipertensivos
Resistenciaa
lainsulina
Diuréticos -Bloq.
-bloq.
IECA
ARA II
Ca++
Antag.
Hansson LE, et al. Lancet 1999;353:611-6. Brown MJ, et al. Lancet 2000;356:366-72.
HOPE Investigators, N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-53. ALLHAT Officers JAMA 2002;288:2981-97.
Dahlöf B, et al. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003. Lindholm LH, et al. J Hypertens 2003;21:1563-74.
Pfeffer MA, et al. Lancet 2003;362:759-66. Pepine CJ, et al. JAMA 2003;290:2805-16
“…the risk of sudden cardiac death was avoided using thiazide in low dose in the
trial, probably because thiazide cause little reduction in serum potassium at half
estandar dose…”
“… The diabetogenic effect of thiazides is strongly related to dose, and minor at low
dose (the increase in blood glucose is 1% at half standard dose, 3% at standard dose,
and 5% at twice standard dose)…”
“…Thiazides may cause gout, but again the increase in serum uric acid is attenuaded
at low doses…”
Use of blood pressure, lowering drugs in the prevention of
cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trial
in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological
studies .
Law MR, Moris JK, Wald NJ
BMJ. 2009,339:b1665 (doi:10.1136/bmj.b1665.)
108 ESTUDIOS ALEATORIZADOS
(1996-2007)
108.297 pacientes
• Los diuréticos TIACÍDICOS han demostrado que mejoran
el pronóstico cardiovascular, son drogas de primera línea en
pacientes quienes no presenten indicación formal para
un agente de una clase diferente. (ALLHAT,JNC VII, WHO)
y los primeros en cuenta ,cuando se va a combinar. JAMA 2002;288:2981–2997.
Can J Cardiol 2009;25(5):287-298
• Son drogas de bajo costo
• Puede ser utilizada en diabéticos sin temor. * Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1410–1419.
Am J Cardiol 2005;95:29–35.
• A dosis bajas los efectos adversos se reducen
considerablemente.** Am J Med. 1996 Sep 30;101(3A):53S-60S.
BMJ. 2009,339:b1665 (doi:10.1136/bmj.b1665.)
• Son drogas de primera línea en pacientes de edad y
en pacientes de raza negra.*** JAMA 2005;293:1595–1608.
J H Hypertension 2004;18:S15-S22.
• Excelente efecto en hipertensión sistólica.****JAMA 2004;292:43–44.
• .Use en combinacion con inhibidor del SRAA.
EN CONCLUSIÓN…
Gracias por su atención!!!!

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Hta diureticos punto fijo

  • 1. BCC o Diuréticos? Elijamos el segundo mejor
  • 2. Dos de las tres principales guías en farmacoterapia antihipertensiva publicadas en el 2003, el JNC 7 y la declaración de WHO/ISH, proponen el uso de un diurético como droga de la primera opción en los pacientes que no presenten ninguna indicación que obligue un agente de una clase diversa. El tercer documento principal publicado en 2007, las pautas de ESH/ESC, incluye los diuréticos en un pool de cinco medicaciones posibles de primera opción. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
  • 3. Treatment of Adults with Systolic/Diastolic Hypertension without Other Compelling Indications TARGET <140/90 mmHg INITIAL TREATMENT AND MONOTHERAPY * BBs are not indicated as first line therapy for age 60 and above Beta- blocker* Long-acting CCB Thiazide ACE-I ARB Lifestyle modification therapy ACEI and ARB are contraindicated in pregnancy and caution is required in prescribing to women of child bearing potential A combination of 2 first line drugs may be considered as initial therapy if the blood pressure is >20 mmHg systolic or >10 mmHg diastolic above target Can J Cardiol 2009;25(5):287-298.
  • 4. Evolución en el Manejo de la HTA Altas dosis Diuréticos Altas dosis Diuréticos Bajas dosis Diuréticos o -Bloq. Diuréticos o -Bloq. o IECA o BCC Diuréticos o -Bloq. o IECA o BCC o -Bloq. o (/ -Bloq.) Sólo un agente titulación preferida •Terapia individualizada • Solo un agente, titulación preferida • Bajas dosis de terapia combo como opción secundaria • Enfoque sobre control de HTA sistólica • Enfasis en terapia combinada JNC I 1977 JNC II 1980 JNC III 1984 JNC IV 1988 JNC V 1993 JNC VI 1997 JNC VII Altas dosis Monoterapia Bajas dosis Tx Combinada
  • 5. CLASS DRUG (TRADE NAME) USUAL DOSE RANGE IN MG/DAY USUAL DAILY FREQUENCY Thiazide diuretics Chlorothiazide ( Diuril) Chlorthalidone (generic) Hydrochlorothiazide ( micrizide, hydroDIURIL) Polythiazide( Renese) Indapamide (Lozol) Metolazone (Mykrox) Metolazone ( Zaroxolyn) 125-500 12.5-25 12.5-50 2-4 1.25-2.25 0.5-1.0 2.5-5 1-2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Loop diuretics Bumetanide (Bumex) Furosemide ( Lasix ) Torsemide ( Demadex) 5-10 20-80 2.5-10 2 2 1 Potassium- sparing diuretics Amiloride (midamor) Triamterene (Dyrenium) 5-10 2.5-10 1-2 1-2 Tabla: Oral antihypertensive drugs
  • 6.
  • 7. -13 -5 -8 -15 -24 -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 0 Control de la Hipertensión Sistólica BCA vs DIU vs IECA vs BB Adaptado de Morgan TO et al. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14: 241-247 BCA: amlodipina o felodipina; IECA: enalapril o perindopril; DIU: HCTZ; BB: Atenolol BCA DIU IECA BB p < 0.005 p = NS p = NS ReducciónTAS(mmHg)
  • 8. 70 75 80 85 90 130 135 140 145 150 ALLHAT Mean Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure During Follow-up SystolicBP(mmHg) Follow-up, yrs 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DiastolicBP(mmHg) Chlorthalidone Amlodipine Lisinopril Chlorthalidone Amlodipine Lisinopril ALLHAT Research Group. JAMA. 2002;288:2981-2997. Copyright ©2002, American Medical Association. SBP=systolic blood pressure DBP=diastolic blood pressure Compared to chlorthalidone: DBP significantly lower in amlodipine group (~1 mmHg). Compared to chlorthalidone: SBP significantly higher in amlodipine (~1 mmHg) and lisinopril (~2 mmHg) groups.
  • 9. Reducciones de la TAS a partir de la inicial en pacientes afro- americanos Placebo Val 80 mg Val/HCTZ 80/12.5 mg Val 160 mg Val/HCTZ 160/12.5 mg Val/HCTZ 160/25 mg Val 320 mg Val/HCTZ 320/12.5 mg Val/HCTZ 320/25 mg N 87 55 12 83 46 15 69 35 33 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Cambio promedio en la TAS (mmHg) Weir et al. J Clin Hypertens 2007;9:103–112 (Meta-analysis)
  • 10. Combinaciones de diferentes clases de antihipertensivos Antagonista de Calcio Inhibidores ECA - bloqueadores - bloqueadores Diuréticos tiazídicos Bloqueadores Receptor AT1
  • 11. 0 4 8 12 16 20 ALLHAT: Objetivo primario del tratamiento CumulativeFatalCHDand NonfatalMIeventrate(%) Time to event, yrs 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 15255 9048 9054 7 No. at Risk Chlorthalidone Amlodipine Lisinopril 14477 8576 8535 13820 8218 8123 13102 7843 7711 11362 6824 6662 6340 3870 3832 2956 1878 1770 209 215 195 Chlorthalidone Amlodipine Lisinopril ALLHAT Research Group. JAMA. 2002;288:2981-2997. Copyright ©2002, American Medical Association.
  • 12. CumulativeMortalityRate Years to Death 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 .05 .1 .15 .2 .25 .3 Number at risk: Chlor 15,255 14,933 14,564 14,077 12,480 7.185 3,523 4288 Amlo 9,048 8,847 8,654 8,391 7,442 4,312 2,101 217 Lisin 9,054 8,853 8,612 8,318 7,382 4,304 2,121 144 Cumulative Event Rates for All-Cause Mortality by ALLHAT Treatment Group HR (95% CI) p value A/C 0.96 (0.89-1.02) 0.20 L/C 1.00 (0.94-1.08) 0.90 ALLHAT Chlorthalidone Amlodipine Lisinopril
  • 13. Years to CHD Event 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CumulativeCHDEventRate 0 .04 .08 .12 .16 .2 Number at Risk: Chlorthalidone 15,255 14,477 13,820 13,102 11,362 6,340 2,956 209 Amlodipine 9,048 8,576 8,218 7,843 6,824 3,870 1,878 215 Lisinopril 9,054 8,535 8,123 7,711 6,662 3,832 1,770 195 Cumulative Event Rates for the Primary Outcome (Fatal CHD or Nonfatal MI) by ALLHAT Treatment Group RR (95% CI) p value A/C 0.98 (0.90-1.07) 0.65 L/C 0.99 (0.91-1.08) 0.81 ALLHAT Chlorthalidone Amlodipine Lisinopril
  • 14. LIFE Study Primary Composite Endpoint 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 Losartan (n)4605 4524 4460 4392 4312 4247 4189 4112 4047 3897 1889 901 Atenolol (n)4588 4494 4414 4349 4289 4205 4135 4066 3992 3821 1854 876 Dahlof B, et al. Lancet. 2002;359:995-1003. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Science. www.hypertensiononline.or g Study Month Proportionofpatients withfirstevent(%) Losartan Atenolol 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Adjusted risk reduction 13·0%, P=0·021 Unadjusted risk reduction 14·6%, P=0·009
  • 15. LIFE Study New-Onset Diabetes Losartan Atenolol Proportionofpatients withfirstevent(%) 10 Adjusted risk reduction 25%, P=0·001 Unadjusted risk reduction 25%, P=0·001 Study MonthDahlof B, et al. Lancet. 2002;359:995-1003. Presented by B Dahlof at the American College of Cardiology Scientific Sessions Late-Breaking Clinical Trials III, 2002. www.hypertensiononline.or g 0 6 12 18 24 36 42 48 54 60 6630 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Beckett N. N Engl J med 2008;358/ACC 2008 P<0.0001 Placebo IndapamideSR ±perindopril Placebo IndapamideSR ±perindopril Insuficiencia Cardiaca (reducción 64%) 3845 pacientes > 80 años PAS > 160 mmHg HYVET The Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial
  • 20. Beckett N. N Engl J med 2008;358/ACC 2008 Todos los ACV (30% reduction) Placebo IndapamideSR ±perindopril Indapamide SR ±perindopril Placebo P=0.055 3845 pacientes > 80 años PAS > 160 mmHg Beckett N. N Engl J med 2008;358/ACC 2008 HYVET The Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial
  • 21. Cutler, J. A. et al. Circulation 2008;117:2691-2705 Network meta-analysis of first-line treatment strategies in randomized controlled clinical trials in hypertension
  • 22. ICC X X X X X ACC/AHA Guías ICC. MERIT-HF. COPERNICUS CIBIS. SOLVD.AIRE.TRACE. ValHeft.RALES Post IM X X X ACC/AHA Guías Post IM. BHAT. SAVE. Crapricorn-EPHESUS Alto riesgo para EAC X X X X ALLHAT.HOPE.ANBP2. LIFE.CONVINCE Diabetes X X X X X NFK-ADA Guías. UKPDS. ALLHAT Enf . Renal Crónica X X NFK guías. Captopril trial. RENAAL. IDNT. REIN.AASK Preven. Rec. ACV X X PROGRESS Situación de alto riesgo y apremiante Ensayo Clínico Selección de Drogas y Condiciones Precisas JNC VII Chobanian A et al.. Jama May 21 2003; 289 Charm 2005
  • 23. Resistencia a la Insulina y Agentes Antihipertensivos Resistenciaa lainsulina Diuréticos -Bloq. -bloq. IECA ARA II Ca++ Antag. Hansson LE, et al. Lancet 1999;353:611-6. Brown MJ, et al. Lancet 2000;356:366-72. HOPE Investigators, N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-53. ALLHAT Officers JAMA 2002;288:2981-97. Dahlöf B, et al. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003. Lindholm LH, et al. J Hypertens 2003;21:1563-74. Pfeffer MA, et al. Lancet 2003;362:759-66. Pepine CJ, et al. JAMA 2003;290:2805-16
  • 24.
  • 25. “…the risk of sudden cardiac death was avoided using thiazide in low dose in the trial, probably because thiazide cause little reduction in serum potassium at half estandar dose…” “… The diabetogenic effect of thiazides is strongly related to dose, and minor at low dose (the increase in blood glucose is 1% at half standard dose, 3% at standard dose, and 5% at twice standard dose)…” “…Thiazides may cause gout, but again the increase in serum uric acid is attenuaded at low doses…” Use of blood pressure, lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trial in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies . Law MR, Moris JK, Wald NJ BMJ. 2009,339:b1665 (doi:10.1136/bmj.b1665.) 108 ESTUDIOS ALEATORIZADOS (1996-2007) 108.297 pacientes
  • 26. • Los diuréticos TIACÍDICOS han demostrado que mejoran el pronóstico cardiovascular, son drogas de primera línea en pacientes quienes no presenten indicación formal para un agente de una clase diferente. (ALLHAT,JNC VII, WHO) y los primeros en cuenta ,cuando se va a combinar. JAMA 2002;288:2981–2997. Can J Cardiol 2009;25(5):287-298 • Son drogas de bajo costo • Puede ser utilizada en diabéticos sin temor. * Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1410–1419. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:29–35. • A dosis bajas los efectos adversos se reducen considerablemente.** Am J Med. 1996 Sep 30;101(3A):53S-60S. BMJ. 2009,339:b1665 (doi:10.1136/bmj.b1665.) • Son drogas de primera línea en pacientes de edad y en pacientes de raza negra.*** JAMA 2005;293:1595–1608. J H Hypertension 2004;18:S15-S22. • Excelente efecto en hipertensión sistólica.****JAMA 2004;292:43–44. • .Use en combinacion con inhibidor del SRAA. EN CONCLUSIÓN…
  • 27. Gracias por su atención!!!!