ZGIS Selected Topics Lecture GIS and mobility research planning
1. Selected Topics:
GIS in Mobility Research
and Planning
Martin Loidl
Department of Geoinformatics, Z_GIS
University of Salzburg
martin.loidl@sbg.ac.at | http://gicycle.wordpress.com
5. Mobility
„Ability to move (people and/or goods) in time and
physical space.“ (» transportation)
5
http://www.lgcns.co.kr
Bogota
6. Modes
Aviation
Utility infrastructure (cable, pipeline …)
Ship
Space
Land-based
Rail
Road
6
http://www.telegraph.co.uk
http://www.axis-security.co.uk
http://www.mccrackenmotorfreight.com
http://www.nasa.gov
http://www.allianz-pro-schiene.de
Classification according to federal bureau of statistics (Statistik Austria), modified.
7. Benefits of being mobile
Is mobility per se benefitial?
No: must serve a purpose
Yes: as recreational activity
What was the purpose of your last trips?
7
9. Accessibility
Focus solely on mobility as such of little help
Accessibility as major parameter
Costs and restrictions:
Distance
Time
Monetary costs
Availability of transportation
Physical barriers
Legal barriers
Emotional barriers
…
9
http://blogs-images.forbes.com
http://www.svv-info.at
http://www.meinbezirk.at
http://upload.wikimedia.org
http://web.de
10. Accessibility
Accessibility directly affects amount and mode of mobility
10
http://en.wikipedia.org
Dharavi (Mumbai)
1 million inhabitants within 2,2 km²
San Jose (Cal.)
1 million inhabitants within 457,2 km²
http://en.wikipedia.org
11. San Jose (Cal.)
11
http://www.sanjoseca.gov
Mega commuters =
>90 min, >50 miles
• San Jose: 1.9%
• Nat. average: 0,82%
Rapino & Fields (2013), Mega Commuters in the U.S.
http://www.mercurynews.com
13. Geography
Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
13
MCDONALD, N. C. 2007. Active Transportation to School: Trends Among U.S. Schoolchildren, 1969–2001. American Journal of
Preventive Medicine, 32, 509-516.
Mobility Geography
14. Geography
Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
14
Statistik Austria (2014)
Mobility Geography
15. Geography
Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
15
Mobility Geography
16. Geography
In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
16
http://blogs.worldbank.orghttp://kulturerleben.salzburgresearch.at/poi/landeskrankenhaus/
Mobility Geography
17. Geography
17
In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
http://kulturerleben.salzburgresearch.at/poi/landeskrankenhaus/
Losing roads as public spaces
Mobility Geography
18. Geography
18
In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
http://www.sutp.org
Mobility Geography
How to use limited space?!
http://www.freeairpump.com
20. Geography
Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)
Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility
Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility
20
http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com
21. Necessity to Travel
21
http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr
The cities will be part of the country; I shall
live 30 miles from my office in one
direction, under a pine tree; my secretary
will live 30 miles away from it too, in the
opposite direction, under another pine
tree. We shall both have our own car.
Le Corbusier‘s
car-centric,
urban utopia:
spatial
separation of
functions
Plan Voisin
22. Necessity to Travel
22
Urban sprawl north of Salzburg Monterey Park (east of LA)
Google Earth, Google Streetview
Car-centric planning and mobility paradigm
23. What GIS can offer
Reduce necessity to travel
Where to plan new residential areas?
Where to locate schools, grocery stores, physician …?
How to connect these facilities?
23
24. 24
MORECO
Calculates accessibility of
infrastructure and
estimates mobility effort for
any address point
http://www.moreco.at/siedl
ungsrechner/
25. GIS
Which GIS functionalities are implemented in applications
such as „MORECO Siedlungskostenrechner“?
Overlay
Buffer
Network analysis (shortest path)
25
http://learn.environment.utoronto.ca
http://www.ukurtanah.com http://wiki.openstreetmap.org
27. Connect Facilities: PT
Spatial, multi-criteria
optimization problem
Distance to next access
point
Infrastructure at access
point
Departure intervals
Connections
Travel time
Vehicle rotation
…
27
http://www.mobilitaet21.de
31. Efficiency
Commuters in AT: Ø 1.07 persons/car (VCÖ)
Time and money loss due to congestion (EC, TomTom)
Istanbul: delay per hour driven = 59 min
1% of EU GDP lost (AT: 0.6% ≈ 1.8 billion €)
31
http://www.tomtom.com http://lh3.ggpht.com
34. Sustainability
Social sustainability
Exposure to negative effects
Accessibility of transportation
Necessity to travel (place of residence – workplace)
34
http://www.salzburg.com http://pts.researchstudio.at http://www.trulia.com
Exposure to noise and polluted air Distance to PT stop Real estate prices NYC
35. Sustainability
Economic sustainability
External effects
Cost allocation
35
http://www.strabag.com
Construction
Maintainance
Externalities: e.g. health care
http://www.stefanie-boege.de
9,000 km for 150g
strawberry yogurt
54. What GIS can offer
Overlay
Collect, analysis multiple perspectives on road space
„Communication“ platform
Analysis
Status quo
Raise awareness
Provide intelligent/specific information
54
55. Multiple Perspectives
55
Cool, no cars on the
road. I can enjoy a
safe ride!
Stupid pedestrians.
Watch out – the street
is mine!
How beautiful it would
be if this park were
larger. I‘d remove the
parking lots.
A pedestrian zone
would raise the urban
quality enormously.
61. Synthesis
Mobility is a spatial phenomenom by its very nature
GIS facilitates integrated approach – GIS is everywhere
Analysis
Planning
Operation
GIS addresses ecological, economical and social
implications of mobility
Mobility is a function of space ↔ Mobility shapes space
GIS helps to make these interdependences visible
Spatial analysis for informed decissions
61
@gicycle_
gicycle.wordpress.com
Get connected!