2. What is Bioinformatics?

25. Databases DNA Sequence Data EBI: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ NCBI:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ DDBJ:http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp / (Sequence Retrieval System) NCBI ( National Center for Biotechnology Information) ( European Bioinformatics Institute)

28. Which courses are students from Texas taking?

30. MODERN DNA SEQUENCING

31. Historically there are two main methods of DNA sequencing: Maxam & Gilbert , using chemical sequencing Sanger , using dideoxynucleotides . Modern sequencing equipment uses the principles of the Sanger technique.

32. How to obtain sequences

33. Step 1- Before submission for sequencing DNA purity & concentration is checked with the ‘ Nanodrop ’

34. A Nanodrop readout of known concentration to be run as a control

35. Step 2 -Samples are received and stored in the refrigerator and a request filed

36. Cost?

37. Samples arrive in Eppendorf tubes

38. Step 3 - paperwork. Each request is assigned a ‘ well ’ in the sample tray and volumes of primers, water, dye, etc are calculated. A typical ‘ run ’ has samples from a number of researchers

39. Step 4- Samples are agitated then centrifuged in an Ultracentrifuge to be sure they are in the bottom of their Eppendorf tubes.

41. Micropipettors come in a range of sizes. They have disposable tips that hold tiny amounts of required reagents.

43. Sample tray and micropipettor. Each tray holds 96 samples

44. Step 7 - The samples are run through a cycle sequencing process to get the fluorescent dyes incorporated by the DNA. The DNA and reagents are alternately heated and cooled over a 2 1/2 hour period.

45. A Sequence print-out from a control sample

46. THANK YOU