6. Black sheep
effect - the
tendency of group
members to judge
likeable in group
members more
positively and
deviant in group
member more
negatively than
comparable out
group members.
7. Elements of social perception
Three sets of clues help form
the impression of another
person:
1. Person
2. Situation surrounding the
person
3. Observed behavior of the
person
8. Elements of social perception (cont.)
Preconceptions about the situations in which
we see the behavior of other people
Develop from experience with the same or
similar situations
Situation raises expectations about behavior
the situation should cause
9. Attribution processes
People use attribution processes to explain the
causes of behavior they see in others.
Attribution
Situational Personal
processes
attribution attribution
Aspects of the situation, Characteristics of the person
not qualities of the person, such as beliefs, disposition, or
cause the person's personality, and not the
behavior situation, caused the person's
behavior
10. Fundamental attribution error
• Observer underestimates situation as cause of
behavior;
• Explaining their behavior: tend to ascribe
causes to the situation, not to personal qualities
• Explaining other’s behavior: tend to ascribe its
causes to personal qualities, not the situation