4. History
• Through constant practice, these sets of behavior form human
tradition, this traditions are passed from one generation to the other.
5. Environment
• as each human groups experience differing environmental conditions,
cultural variations are established.
• Example: Alaskan Eskimos have different clothing and culture
compared to the Maasais people of Kenya.
• Igorot from the highlands have different clothes from people in
lowlands
6. Quick Activity.
Form a group by row. For 10 minutes, share with one another the
following information.
1. Your parents cultural backgrund. (Ilokano, Visayan, Kapampangan)
2. The language and dialects you speak (house and going outside)
3. Your Nationality.
After the discussion, summarize your similarities and differences.
8. Nationality
• Nationality is a legal
identification of a person in
international law, establishing
the person as a subject, a
national, of a sovereign state.
• It affords the state jurisdiction
over the person and affords
the person the protection of
the state against other states.
9. How to be a Peenoise?
3 Steps to become a Pinoy.
13. Ethnicity
• Within a nation are smaller cultural groups that
share specific environments, traditions, and
histories.
• The fact or state of belonging to a social group
that has a common national or cultural
tradition.
• An ethnic group or ethnicity is a grouping of
people who identify with each other on the
basis of shared attributes that distinguish them
from other groups such as a common set of
traditions, ancestry, language, history, society,
culture, nation, religion, or social treatment
within their residing area.
14. Social Differences
Apart from varying cultural backgrounds and ethnicity, human
population also experience social differences, which include:
1. Gender
2. Socioeconomic class
3. Political Identity and
4. Religion
16. Gender
• According to the World Health Organization, gender “refers to the
socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a
given society considers appropriate for men and women.”
• Sex refers to the biological characteristic of humans such as male or
female.
• In some societies, gender becomes a basis of one’s identity as social
norms allow for their acceptance or neglect by the majority of
population.
• In cases of neglect, they create their own communities where they
can articulate their thoughts and aspirations.
20. LGBTQ
• Lesbian – woman who is romantically attracted to another woman
• Gay – men attracted to men
• Bisexual – attracted to two gender
• Transgender – psychological self differs from the social expectation
for the physical self
• Queer – attracted to multiple genders
Nowadays, many people are raising awareness for equal rights,
especially amongst the LGBTQ community.
21. • What are the most common misconception that people have
regarding people they consider as sexually different?
23. Socio Economic Status
• The Concept of socioeconomic class varies between societies as the
ideas associated with being poor or rich differ based on the collective
experience of individuals.
• Filipinos who are from a developing countries would perceive poverty
differently from countries that are developed/industrialized.
• People falling from social class are bound to experience life differently
in their daily lives. the typical determinants of one’s social status
include income, value of assets and savings, cultural interest and
hobbies, and the economic status of parents.
24. Social Class around the World
• The British have their 3 class system: Upper, Middle, and Working
classes.
• Indian have their Caste System: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas,
Shudras, and Dalits.
• The world uses the 7 class system: Elite, Established middle class,
Technical middle class, New affluent workers, traditional working
class, emergent service workers, and the precariat.
• Filipinos describe their class system as: Mahirap, medyo mayaman,
sakto lang, and mayaman.
29. • As Filipinos, do people from the city have more comfortable
lifestyle than people from the province?
30. Political Identity
• refers to the set of attitudes and
practices that an individual
adheres to in relation to the
political system and actors within
his/her society.
31. Political Identity
• Political parties in the Philippines such as
ang Ladlad negotiates for the welfare of
the LGBTQ. The Kabataan partylist
promotes youth empowerment. This
political parties are just some of the
examples of how sectors in our society
use their identities as political vehicles to
negotiates their needs.
• Religion can also offer Political identity
to its followers. Some religion promote
black voting and some religion can alter
some bill like the RH bill
32. Political Identity
• In a more negative context, an individual
can acquire political identity by
subscribing to a political belief that can
affect his/her lifestyle.
• in a more positive outlook, he/she can
discover political ideology that can
change his perspective on certain things.
33. • Why do you think Filipinos still elect Politicians that have court cases?
• Are you contented with our current administration? what are your
“what ifs” during, and after the election?
34. Religion
• The belief in the supernatural has been
one of the universal preoccupations of
humans as nearly as 60,000 years ago.
The earliest form of religion revolved
around making sense of natural
occurences such as extreme weather
conditions, natural and man made
calamities, sickness and even death.
35. Religion today
• Religion today has evolved to promote far more complex forms of
understanding human nature, the afterlife, and natural events. Some
are monotheistic (believing in one God), and the other one is
polytheistic (believe in the existence of multiple Gods).
• Some religion have Gods arranged in hierarchy, while others are with
Gods that equally coexist. what must be noted is that religion is a
mirror of society that affiliates with it.
41. Exceptionality
• Some individuals do not conform to behavioral or cognitive norms,
not because they intend to deviate from such, but because they are
exceptional.
• The concept of this can be understood in a spectrum of capabilities,
wherein you have geniuses in one extreme and you have disabled and
challenged in other extreme.
• Issues like this can range from having fewer employment
opportunities due to physically disabled to not reaching one’s full
due to lack of advanced mechanism to support and exceptional
talent.
46. Ethnocentrism
• a perspective that promotes that promotes an individual’s culture as
the most efficient and superior; hence, theindividual who exhibits this
feels that his/her culture is the most appropriate as compared with
other cultures.
47. Xenocentrism
• the preference for the cultural practices of other cultures and
societies, such as how they lived and what they eat, rather than of
one’s social way of life.
48. • When face with Ethnocentrism and Xenocentrism, you may adapt the
conceptual tool of cultural relativism.
• Cultural relativism - promotes the perspective that cultures
understood in the context of their locality. using this perspective
makes you tolerant of the differeng attitudes and practices of others.
• Ferraro and Andretta advocate that to build emotional resilience we
must understand that other culture or action do not necessarily mean
to offend, but that their actions are guided by their own cultural
norm.
49. Race
• Another problematic form of
classification for human groups
is race.
• From the 17th to the early 19th
century, the term race was used
as a form of human
classification that was based on
observable human traits and
characteristics.
51. Category of Race
• These categories merely reflect the differences in skin, color, size of
skull, height, body frame, and other physical characteristics.
• The clear delineation among these categories is blurred by the
constant intermarriages among people of various ethnic origins
producing offspring who possess mixed traits of the parents.
Examples are individual who have white parents and filipina mother
are sometimes called mestizo/mestiza.
• Due to social context associated with racial groups, discrimination
was further exacerbated. In countries that practice slavery of African
populations, racial discrimination against individuals of african
descent by colonizers became a highly observable phenomenon.
52. All humans belong to the same species but exhibit differences in terms
of their behavior. these differences are a product of the knowledge
system that they subscribe to. These re affected by various factors such
as environment, technology, and global movements. As such, we must
adhere to a cultural relativist approach, which allows for a more
accepting predisposition of the biological and cultural differences of
humans. Doing so allows for a greater sense of emotional resilience as
you encounter cross-cultural miscues.
53. Group Assignment
One of the lasting issues that multicultural countries face is racism.
Choose one of the issue below and explain what cause the racism,
what are the measurement done by their government to lessen this
issue, why is it still a prevalent issue around their country, and how
does this affect you as a student?
1. Israel and Palestinian
2. African-American living in the USA
3. Mexicans and the Americans
4. China and the Uygurs
5. Japanese and Foreigners
Editor's Notes
Paano ba tayo naging unique?
Ang dalawang factors na bumuo sa ating pagkatao ay ang lugar na ating kinalakihan at ang ating history ng lugar na iyon.
Cultural at social differences
Lets take for example:
What makes us unique based on our Cultural Differences
Is the legal relationship that binds people and its country
Nationality can be acquired in two ways
Pano nga ba maging isang mamayan ng ating bansa. Gusto mo man o hindi
Soli or soil=lupa
Dito ka pinanganak sa bansa natin. Nanay at tatay mo ay parehas na noypi
Sanguin latin of = blood
Naturalization. Or your parent decide what will be your nationality. Bumabagsak sa mga may tatay na kano, or mother na foreigner
Sa isang bansa maroon pang mga ibat Ibang cultural groups. Ang tawag ditto ay ang mga ethnic goups
Ang bansa natin ay may mahigit kumulang 180 indigenous ethnic groups. Ang mga karamihan dito ay ang mga Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Bicolano, Kapampangan, Maranao, Maguindanao, and Tausug.
While ang mga minority naman ay ang mga Ifugao, Ibanag, Gaddang at madami pa
Bukod sa Cultural difference, maroon din tayong Social Differences
Perhaps ang isa sa pinakacontroversial na issue patubgkol sa social differences ay ang Gender.
Tanong! Ano ang pagkakaiba ng Gender sa Sex? Bibgyan ko kayo ng isang minute.
Sex = biological, kung etits ba yan or kepyang. Naka base sa human anatomy natin
Gender= kung ano ba ang socially constructedna characteristic mo, or kung masculine or feminine ka ba regardless of external genitalia
Sexually and romantically na attracted sa kanayang opposite sex.
Ang pinaka common na type ng gender.
If you are attracted to your same sex
May consist of Yaoi or Yuri
Lesbian – woman who is romantically attracted to another woman
Gay – men attracted to men
Bisexual – attracted to two gender
Transgender – psychological self differs from the social expectation for the physical self
Queer – attracted to multiple genders
Before we continue, I will ask you whats your stand upon the Pemberton and Laude issue.
Ang pag distinguish natin mayaman o mahirap ay nagiiba base kung saan ka lumaki or saan ka nakatira
example
Ang pag distinguish natin mayaman o mahirap ay nagiiba base kung saan ka lumaki or saan ka nakatira
example
1 minute to think kung ano ang bahay ng middle class na noypi at ng middle class na kano.
Ibat ibang bansa may ibat ibang pagkakaibang pananaw kung ano ba ang experience nila sa kanilang socio economic status. Kung mayaman ka na sa third world country, tapos pumunta ka sa Japan or Amerika baka middle class ka nalang.
Kagaya nalang neto.
Eto ang list ng pinakamayayaman na tao sa bansa natin.
Hindi joke yang pera na yan, pwede mo nang gawin lahat ng gusto mo. Pero I compare natin sila sa mga big boiz sa japan at amerika
Yanai = Owner of Uniqlo
Son = CEO of Softbank
Takizakaki = Keyence Corporation is a direct sales organization that develops and manufactures automation sensors, vision systems, barcode readers, laser markers, measuring instruments, and digital
Saji = Suntory Beverage & Food Limited is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky.
Ang pinkamayaman sa atin ay nasa pang anim na pwesto, hindi na masama. I check natin ang murica
Bezos – amazon
Musk – Tesla
Arnault - French holding multinational corporation and conglomerate specializing in luxury goods, Louis Vuitton, Dior, Tiffany & Co
Gates – Microsoft
Mark – FB
Buffet – company Berkshire Hathaway that runs Geico, Duracell, Dairy Queen and 60 more U.S company
Elllison - Oracle do exactly? They make enterprise software, most notably a database management system, for UNIX, Linux, and Windows operating systems.
Page – and Sergey Brin are the CEO and president of Google's parent company, Alphabet,
Ambani - chairman and managing director of the Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries Limited
Tanggalin lang natin si 4,5,6
Pati si Yanai-san ay malayo sa listahan. Pinapatunayan ng listahan na to na ibat iba ang form ng mahihirap at mayayaman sa bansa.
Source neto ay forbes
Kung ano ba ang pinapanigan mo na political stand sa ating society.
Sa pilipinas kasalukuyan itong nahahati sa tatlo
Kung ano ba ang pinapanigan mo na political stand sa ating society.
Sa pilipinas kasalukuyan itong nahahati sa tatlo
Kung ano ba ang pinapanigan mo na political stand sa ating society.
Sa pilipinas kasalukuyan itong nahahati sa tatlo
Bago pa nagkaroon ng catholic, protestant. Ang ating ninuno ay naniniwala sa mga misteryosong nakapalibot sa kanila, mga di maipaliwanag na sakuna kagaya ng malakas na bagyo, pagyanig sa lupa, mga salot na walang katapusan at pati na ang kamatayan.
Kumidlat ng malakas, at umulan sila ay naniniwalang kagagawan ito ni zeus.
Pero ngayon ang religion ay nahahati na sa dalawa ang Monotheistic at polytheistic
Tanong!? Ano ang pagkakaiba ng motheistic sa polytheistic
Monotheism is the belief in one god. A narrower definition of monotheism is the belief in the existence of only one god that created the world, is omnipotent, omnipresent and omniscient, and intervenes in the world.
relating to or characterized by belief in or worship of more than one god.
Some example of polytheistic religion are Hinduism and Buddhism
Basically may mga tao na hindi nakakasabay sa uso, hindi dahil ayaw nila kundi sila ay exceptional.
Pwede nating malaman kung exceptional ang isang tao kung masyado siyang matalino, and kung ang isang tao din ay mahina umintindi.
Basically may mga tao na hindi nakakasabay sa uso, hindi dahil ayaw nila kundi sila ay exceptional.
Pwede nating malaman kung exceptional ang isang tao kung masyado siyang matalino, and kung ang isang tao din ay mahina umintindi.
Dahil masyado tayong pagkakaiba ay di maiiwasan na pag awayan natin ang mga bagay na hindi natin pagkakapareho.
Stemming from the cultural variation we got ethno and xeno.
Tanong! Ano ang main differences ng dalawa.
Ethnocenrism naman kung tingin mo sa culture natin ay mas nakaka angat kesa sa ibang bansa.
Na amaze ka sa Spolarium ng E-Heads kesa sa foreign singers
Mas prefer mo ang ka sexyhan ni Ivana kesa kay Gal Gadot
Tuwang tuwa ka kay hamerman pero hate mo Avengers
Xenocentrism means mas gusto mo ang mga pagkain, culture, music, artist etc ng ibang bansa kesa sa sarili mong bansa.
You prefer toblerone kesa barnuts
Mas nagagndahan ka sa Cecelia ng the vamps kesa sa Pagtingin ng ben ben
Ini Statn mo si Jennie ng blackpink pero hate na hate mo artistang pinoy
Kung feeling mo ganyan ibig sabihin Xenocentric ka