1. POSTER TEMPLATE BY:
www.PosterPresentations.com
Engineers Without Borders - Notre Dame
Margot Hughan, The University of Notre Dame College of Engineering
Project Reporting Process
Water Testing Results
The Alfred and Sarah Bilingual Academy of Sangmelima, Cameroon Partnership to Achieve Success
Success Indicators
Minnimum 270
25
45
10
15
15
Minimum 6m
Approved By: Rod Beadle 12/09/2014Nov-15-14Date:0.100Scale
Units: cmConcrete PadTitle:Drawn By: EWB-University of Notre Dame
SCALE 0.020
Foundation of Slab
SECTION XSEC0001-XSEC0001 Drainage Channel
Slope 2%
11 59.227, 2 57.305
11 59.269, 2 57.262
11 59.268, 2 57.312Springbox
Water from spring by school
Water from high school
Primary building
Nursery Building
Ma Hannah's hand-dug well
Latrine
Local School Community
Coordinates given in degrees decimal minutes (E,N)
100 meters
200 feet
500
1000
661 - 670
671 - 680
681 - 690
691 - 700
701 - 710
Elevation (ft)
Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, TomTom, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan,
METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community
Appendix
1.0 Water Testing Results
1.1 Spring
Location(Name:( Alfred and Sarah Bilingual
Academy
Sample(Date:( January 2, 2014
Address:( Sample
Time:
6:30 PM
Village/City:( Sangmelima, Cameroon GPS N:
Contact(Name:( GPS W:
Water(Source:( Spring Phone:
Notes:( A spring located downhill and within 1 kilometer from the campus.
Parameter Units Reading
USEPA Standards
Min Max Ideal
Physical and Chemical Properties
Test Strips
Total Cl mg/l 0 0 5
Free Cl mg/l 0 0 2 0.2 to 2.0
Hardness mg/l 25 0 250 < 80
Alkalinity mg/l 10 0
pH 6.8 6.5 8.5 7
Nitrite mg/l 0 0 1 0
Nitrate mg/l 3 0 10 0
Iron mg/l 0 0 0.3 0
Multimeter
pH 8.2 6.5 8.5 7
Conductivity µS/l 52 0 1,000
TDS mg/l 37.1
Salinity mg/l 32.7
Temperature -
Turbidity Meter
Turbidity NTU - 0 5.0 < 1.0
Colorimeter
Total Cl mg/l - 0 5
Free Cl mg/l - 0 2 0.2 to 2.0
Biological Properties
Easy Gel
Coliforms colonies 50
x 50 = c/100ml 2,500 0 0 0
E. coli colonies 7
X 50 = c/100ml 350 0 0 0
1.2 Springbox
Location(Name:( Alfred and Sarah Bilingual
Academy
Sample(Date:( January 2, 2014
Address:( Sample
Time:
6:30 PM
Village/City:( Sangmelima, Cameroon GPS N:
Contact(Name:( GPS W:
Water(Source:( Springbox Phone:
Notes:( A springbox located downhill and within 1 kilometer from the campus.
(
Parameter Units Reading
USEPA Standards
Min Max Ideal
Physical and Chemical Properties
Test Strips
Total Cl mg/l 0 0 5
Free Cl mg/l 0 0 2 0.2 to 2.0
Hardness mg/l 25 0 250 < 80
Alkalinity mg/l 20 0
pH 6.8 6.5 8.5 7
Nitrite mg/l 0 0 1 0
Nitrate mg/l 1 0 10 0
Iron mg/l 0 0 0.3 0
Multimeter
pH 8.0 6.5 8.5 7
Conductivity µS/l 60.7 0 1,000
TDS mg/l 52
Salinity mg/l 41.9
Temperature -
Turbidity Meter
Turbidity NTU - 0 5.0 < 1.0
Colorimeter
Total Cl mg/l - 0 5
Free Cl mg/l - 0 2 0.2 to 2.0
Biological Properties
Easy Gel
Coliforms colonies TNTC
x 20 = c/100ml TNTC 0 0 0
E. coli colonies TNTC
X 20 = c/100ml TNTC 0 0 0
Criteria Definition Analysis for Afridev Handpump
Complexity of Design and
Construction
Includes the technical skills required for the
design and the skill level and amount of labor
required for implementation
The Afridev Handpump is the most prevalent handpump un the region, and
would thus be able to be constructed using a local contractor. Additionally,
the design of the well and supporting structures would be within the scope
of EWB-ND.
Cost Includes the cost of materials, labor, and
transportation for initial construction as well and
the long-term cost of maintenance and operation
Technical reports found online and through EWB indicate that a typical
drilled borehole with a hand-pump should conservatively cost between
$10,000 and $12,000 USD. Generally, however, the overall cost would
depend on the depth required for the well as this would dictate the amount
of cement required and the hours of labor.
Complexity of
Maintenance
Evaluates the amount of time, materials, and
labor required to upkeep the system and ensure
its functionality.
To ensure the longevity of the source, two representatives from the
community will be trained on how to maintain the pump and well. It is also
recommended that the well be treated with chlorine annually and
thoroughly disassembled and cleaned every five years. It is estimated that
annual maintenance would be roughly $50 to $100 USD.
Quantity/ Ability to Meet
Demands
Determines the amount of water made available
form the source, therefore dictating the amount
of people served and the project’s impact.
To allow for regulation of the well and proper practice, the well would be
open for two hours in the morning and two hours in the evening for
operation. As shown in Table X, assuming a pumping rate of 10 liters per
minute, this would produce roughly 2,400 Liters per day, which would
provide 14 Liters per day per person.
Susceptibility to
Contamination
Addresses the alternative’s exposure to run-off,
human interaction, and ground-water pollution
from latrines.
The well would be properly sealed to protect against contamination and
would be periodically cleaned and treated with chlorine annually. Although
contamination of groundwater from latrines is a risk, the location of the well
would be carefully determined and ensured to be upstream of all latrines
and other sources of contamination.
Sustainability/ Opportunity
for Growth
Encompasses the previously stated criteria of
required maintenance and susceptibility to
contamination, while also addressing the
alternative’s potential for adaptation to meet a
lesser or greater demand.
If the community were to grow or the availability of electricity were to
become more consistent, it would be possible to convert the hand-pump
well to an electric-pump well with an elevated tank. Because of the relative
simplicity of the hand-pump design, the system would be sustainable as
the replacement or repair of broken or damaged parts would be
manageable.
Short Term Functionality Long Term Sustainability
Rate of flow Decrease in school absences
related to health
Quality of Water Existence of broken components,
i.e. valves,
pump lever
Distance to water collection point Number of days per month that the
system is
not operational
Quantity of water available to each
household
during dry and wet seasons
Observed evidence of routine
maintenance on
the system done accurately without
EWB-USA
Number (or percentage) of
community
members satisfied with the project
Duplication of any element of the
system
without EWB-USA
Number of days per month that the
system is not operational
Balance available in maintenance
fund
Water pressure in the system Chapter observed community
members
training others
Cost of water to user
511 - Project Partner Roles and Responsibilities Revised 11/01
© 2012 Engineers Without Borders USA. All Rights Reserved Page
Partnership Structure
Community - Community-Based Organization (CBO) and Community Members (Examples include: wa
board, community development committee, women’s committee, village council, etc.)
Local Partner Organization(s) - Local NGO and/or municipal/city government
EWB-USA
From years of experience, we have found that EWB-USA projects are most successful when there is a three-w
partnership between each of the entities listed above. Each partner has specific skills and expertise, which
together, contribute to a more sustainable project over the long-term.
Typical Roles and Responsibilities
The following roles and responsibilities are typical for EWB-USA community development projects and are
intended to be a guideline and framework as each partner considers its unique contributions and roles from t
initial phase of the project. It is important to note that each project, community, and partnering organization
unique and distinct. Therefore, roles and responsibilities may overlap between partners and/or may be differe
than what is listed below. Ultimately, the roles and responsibilities of each partner should be detailed in the
agreements established between each partner.
Community (Community-Based Organization (CBO) and Community Members)
Contribute to project design (handle permissions/permits/property rights, provide feedback, help sel
preferred design)
Provide in-kind contributions (skilled and unskilled labor, borrowed equipment, transportation,
translation, lodging and food, local materials, etc.)
Contribute financially towards capital costs (at least 5% of total project cost in cash will be required
beginning in fall 2013)
Responsible for 100% of the financial and logistical aspects of the operation and maintenance compo
of the project (NOTE: This may be fulfilled by the local government, depending on the project type).
Organize and involve community members in all aspects of project
Support site preparations
Identify community contact(s) to accompany team during visits
Provide logistical support within community
Communicate directly with chapter on a regular basis
Data collection
Project
Community
Local
Partner(s)
EWB-USA
Community:
• Contribute to project design
• Provide in-kind contributions (skilled and unskilled labor, borrowed
equipment, transportation,
• translation, lodging and food, local materials, etc.)
• Contribute financially towards capital costs (at least 5% of total
project cost)
• Responsible for 100% of operation and maintenance.
• Organize and involve community members in all aspects of project
Local NGO Plant-A-Seed:
• Provide project-specific training for community members/CBO
• Monitor project progress
• Arrange translation services
• Inform chapter about changes to security/safety situation
• Visit community regularly
• Support site preparations
EWB-USA:
• Design and construction
management
• Involve and seek input from all
partners during each phase of the
design
• Provide education and training,
including O&M training and
manual
The purpose of this project is to work with the Alfred and Sarah Bilingual Academy in
Sangmelima, Cameroon to develop a clean, reliable water source at an academy that will
serve the population of the school directly and the surrounding village indirectly. The school
has a population of 171 students and faculty and is located about 7 km from downtown
Sangmelima in a village called Etonolinga, which has a population of about 2,000.
Currently, this village relies on drinking water from springs and hand-dug wells, which the
team found to be contaminated with harmful bacteria that can lead to the spread of
waterborne disease. Dealing with water related sicknesses or the alternative of traveling
miles to obtain clean water from neighboring villages have also generally hindered the
ability of the students to engage in academics and pursue careers.
Our Mission: To give engineering students the opportunity to pursue service related to their majors through the development, pursuit, and
completion of various sustainable engineering projects both domestically and internationally.
Access to a local clean water source would allow the students to commit more fully to
their studies as they will not be prevented from attending school because of sickness
and will not have to travel to the local spring to collect water. Additionally, the chapter
will provide materials and training for testing the water that will not only ensure the
safety of the water source, but also provide scientific experience for the local
students. Furthermore, access to clean water will help to break the cycle of poverty
within the greater community, as it will enable its members to have the health and
means to start new businesses and improve their lives and environment.
Range: 15m to 45m
1.0
5.0
10.0
5.0
200 mm
17.5
150 mm
1.0
10.0
Approved By: Rod BeadleNov-15-14Date:0.130Scale
Units: mWELL WITH HAND PUMPTitle:Drawn By: EWB-University of Notre Dame
ITEM NO.DESCRIPTION
1Cap
2Gravel
3Large Gravel
4Loose Soil
5Rock
6Sand
7Seal
8Sediment Zone
SCALE 0.060
SECTION XSEC0001-XSEC0001
2
3
1
6
7
4
8
5
Casing Pipe (PVC)