IN DETAILED MILK GROWTH FACTORS IN INDIA

1. By
MANJUNATH C.G.

2. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE
FOR GROWTH OF MILK
PRODUCTION IN INDIA

3. FOCUSING POINTS
• History
• Milk production in India
• Present scenario
• Factors responsible for growth of milk
production
• Constraints of milk production
• SWOT analysis
• Summary

4. HISTORY
O Milk market in India
O 1965-NDDB(National Dairy Development Board)
O 1970- Operation flood programme
O Co operative societies
O Industrialization and urbanization
O Up to year 1990 milk production was stagnated to less
than 55.7MT in India
O Further decades up to 2012 it was increased every year
to reach 127.3MT

5. MILK PRODUCTION IN INDIA
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-2000
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
MILK PRODUCTION (Million Tonnes)
Source: Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, ministry of
agriculture, GOI

6. PRESENT SCENERIO 2011-12
O Milk Production -127.3MT
O Demand -181MT
O Per capita demand -152Kg/year
O Per capita availability -102.56kg/year
O Annual growth rate- 4-5%

7. Factors responsible for growth
of milk production
1 .White revolution
O Operation flood by NDDB in 1970
O Dr. Varghese kurien –main architect
O Operation flood in 3 phases

8. 1 .White revolution
 Phase-1 (1970-79):
• 18 of the country’s milk sheds were connected
to consumers of 4 metros viz. Mumbai, Delhi,
Chennai and Kolkata
• Main objective is commanding share of milk
market and development of dairy animals
• Total cost - Rs.116crores.

9. 1 .White revolution
 Phase 2 (1981-1985):
• Management increased the milk sheds from 18 to
136
• A self-sustaining system of 42,000 village
cooperatives with 42.5 lakh milk producers were
covered
• Milk powder production increased from 22,000 to
1,40,000 tons by 1989
All of the increase coming from dairies set up under
Operation Flood.

10. 1 .White revolution
 Phase 3 (1985–1996):
• Dairy cooperatives expansion and strengthen
the infrastructure to procure and market
increasing volumes of milk
• Veterinary first-aid health care services, feed
and artificial insemination services were
extended
• 30,000 new dairy cooperatives added to 42,000
existing societies organized
• Milk sheds peaked to 173 in 1988-89

11. 2.Dairy Cooperative Societies
development
• Encouraged farmers to keep more animals leads to 500
million cattle & buffalo population in the country –
the largest in the World.
• The dairy cooperative movement has spread across
1,25,000 villages of 180 Districts in 22 States.
• 3 tier structure
1). Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS)
2). District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union
3). State Cooperative Milk Federation.
link

12. 3.TRADE
OIndia in 1970s – importer
O1990s – imports was very less
OAfter 2003- 0.3 to 0.4% of minor exports
ONevertheless, India consistently exports
specialty products such as casein for food
processing or pharmaceuticals

13. Indian Dairy Exports by Product Types
Up to 2009
Source: Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, ministry of
agriculture, GOI

14. 322.25
822.41
1203.93
402.68
547.97
289.36
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Imports
Exports
Imports and Exports (Rs.in crores)
Source: DGCI&S(Directorate General of
Commercial Intelligence & statistics)

15. 4. Technology up gradation
O Milk Reception units
O Milk Storage units
O Milk sterilization
• Pasteurization
• UHT (Ultra High Temperature).
O Milk Filling and Packaging technologies
• Tetra pack

16. 5.IMPROVEMENT IN BREEDS OF
CATTLE
INDIGENOUS BREED
a) Milch breeds / Milk breeds : Red Sindhi, Gir and
Deoni 1600kg/lactation
b) Dual Purpose breeds: Ongole, Hariana, Kankrej,
Tharparker, Krishna valley, Rathi and Goalo Mewathi
150-500kg/lactation
c) Draught breeds: Kangayam, Umblacherry,
Amritmahal, Hallikar.

17. 5.IMPROVEMENT IN BREEDS
OF CATTLE
EXOTIC BREEDS

18. Jersey :Milk yield – 5000-8000 kg/lactation i.e., 8-10 liters per day.

19. Holstein Friesian (HF)-Milk yield - 7200-9000 kg/lactation i.e., 10-15
liter/day

20. Cross breeding
O Cross breeding word was initiated at NDRI (National
Dairy Research Institute), Bangalore
O At present cross breeding work is going on at
• Military dairy farms
• NDRI Karnal as AICRP(All India Co-ordinated Research
Project)
• Collaboration projects like Indo-Swiss, Indo Australian

21. Advantages of cross breeding
O Desirable characters of the exotic parent are transmitted
to the progeny which the indigenous parent does not
have.
O High milk yield & early maturity,
O Higher birth weigh of calves,
O Better growth rates,
O Better reproductive efficiency and
O Indigenous parents characters like, heat tolerance,
disease resistance ability

22. Disadvantages of cross
breeding
O The breeding merit of cross breed animals may be
slightly reduced.
O Cross breeding requires maintenance of two or
more pure breeds in order to product the cross
breeds
VEDIO LINK

23. 6.Govt. policies, insurance and loans
O Operation Flood and the National Dairy Development
Board (NDDB), 1970 to 1996
Govt. satisfied 2 objectives of
1.To augment the supply of milk for domestic
consumption
2.To increase the returns to dairy farmers by providing
the infrastructure for producing value-added dairy
products.

24. Operation flood
 Phase 1:
Financed the operation through the sale of
skimmed milk powder and butter oil
 Phase 2:
• Expanded the outlets for sale of “pasteurized” milk
• Capacity for production of milk powder increased
from 22,000 tonnes to 1,40,000 tonnes.
• Processing units were established for production of
butter, ghee, whole milk powder, skimmed milk
powder and baby foods.
 Phase 3: Emphasized the use of modern
technologies

25. O DAIRY ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
SCHEME" (DEDS)
O Cattle Insurance under IRDP
O Financial support.
i. Access to Credit and Subsidies
ii. Financial Incentives to farmers ,individuals,
institutions and organizations
iii. Financial resources for implementation of the
policy will be mobilized through state government
central government funds /public
investments/support from external agencies.
iv. Livestock insurance programme
v. Making available soft loans/subsidized interest
loans

26. Constraints of milk production
1). 80% cattle & 60% buffalo Non-descript low
milk yield
2). Very large number requires more feed/fodder
3). Feed/ fodder scarcity: Consume 90% of the
already scarce feed and fodder resources
4). Animal health problem: Many diseases
claimed to have been eradicated/controlled are
still rampant in India

27. SWOT analysis
Strength Weakness
1.Largest milk producer in the world
2.A huge base of around 11 million
farmers
3.Traditional emphasis on consumption
1. Poor feeding practices
2. Poor access to institutional credit
3. Lack of cold storage facilities
Opportunity Threat
1.Elastic demand
2.Economic growth will spur demand
3.Increasing preference for branded
dairy products
3.Growing focus on health and nutrients
in urban market
1.Nearly 80 per cent of the Indian
dairy industry is unorganized
2.Removal of import duty has led to
the threat of dumping

28. Summary
• History
• Milk production in India
• Present scenario
• Factors responsible for growth of milk
production
• Constraints of milk production
• SWOT analysis

29. References:
O Animal husbandry, www.tnau.ac.in
O Department of animal husbandry dairying &
fisheries, www.dahd.nic.in
O Indian dairy industry, www.aavinmilk.com
O Milk industry in India, www.authorstream.com
O White revolution, www.fao.org
O www.wikipedia.com