1. The document discusses different types of nouns and adjectives in English grammar. It defines nouns as names of people, places or things and describes common, proper, collective, abstract, countable and uncountable nouns. 2. It also discusses noun gender, case, and number. It defines adjectives as words that describe or modify nouns and lists different types including possessive, demonstrative, coordinative, numbers, interrogative, indefinite and attributive adjectives. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate the different parts of speech.

1. Functional English
Presented By: Mahrukh Shehzadi

2. A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.
The word thing is used to mean anything that we can think of.
 The word thing include all objects that we can see, hear, taste, touch or smell AND something that we can think
of, but cannot perceive by sense.
Example:
 Akbar was a great king.
 His courage won him honor.
Kinds of Noun
Following are the kinds of noun:
 Common noun
 Proper noun
 Collective noun
 Abstract noun
 Countable noun
 Uncountable noun

3. A common noun is a name given in common to every person or thing .
Example:
 Shabana is a girl.
 Karachi is a big city.
Proper Noun
A proper Noun is the name of some particular person or place.
Example:
 I shall meet you on Sunday.
 He was the Lukman of his age.
Collective Noun
A collective Noun is the name of a number ( or collective ) of persons or things taken
together and spoken of as one whole.
Example :
The Police dispersed the crowed..
ARMY ----- a group of soldiers
CLASS ------ a group of student
BOUQUET----- a group of flower

4. The name of qualities, feeling, action and states are called abstract noun.
Qualities:
Honesty, kindness, wisdom, truth
Feeling:
Love, Angry, Happiness, Sadness
Action:
Fight, theft, Help, charity
States:
Richness, poverty, Death, Sleep
Example:
Waleed Hadair is a brave soldier.
Countable Noun
Countable noun are the names of the names of objects, people, etc . that we can
count , e.g. book, pen, apple, etc.
Uncountable noun
Uncountable noun are the names of thing which we cannot count , e.g. , milk, oil,
sugar, gold, honesty, etc.
.

5. 1. Masculine Gender:
The noun that denotes a male. e.g. Boy , lion, hero
2. Feminine Noun:
The noun that donate a female. e.g. Hen – sparrow , lioness, heroine.
3. Common Gender:
The noun that donate a male or a female Parent, child, friend, pupil etc.
4. Neuter Gender:
A noun that denote a mail or a female e.g. Book , pen, room.
The NOUN: CASE
1. Nominative case:
When a Noun or Pronoun is used as the Subject of a verb, it is said to be in the Nominative Case.

6. 2. Objective case:
When a Noun or Pronoun is used as the Object of a verb, it is said to be in the Objective or Accusative
Case.
An objective case is also called Accusative Case
3. Possessive case:
When a Noun is used to show ownership or possession, it is said to be in the Possessive or genitive
Case.
Men ‘s club , Salem ‘s bakery etc.
THE NOUN: NUMBER
Singular Number:
A Noun that donate s one person or thing, is said to be in the Singular Number.
Example:
Boy, girl, cow , bird, tree , etc.
Plural Number:
A noun that donates more than one person or thing , is thing, is said to be in the
Plural Number.
Example:
Boys, girls, cows, birds, trees, etc.

7. Adjective are words that describe or modify other words.
Example:
 They live in a big beautiful village.
 Since it’s a hot day , Lisa is wearing a sleeveless shirt.
 This glass is breakable.
 He writes meaningless letter.
Types of Adjective
1. Possessive Adjective
2. Demonstrative Adjective
3. Coordinative Adjective
4. Numbers Adjective
5. Interrogative Adjective

8. 6. Indefinite Adjective
7. Attributive Adjective
Possessive Adjective
As the name indicates, possessive adjectives are used to indicate possession. They are:
 My
• your
• His
• Her
• Its
• Our
• Their

9. They are used to indicate or demonstrate specific people, animals, or things. These, those, this and
that are demonstrative adjectives.
Example:
 This movie is my favorite.
 Please put those cookies on the blue plates.
Coordinative Adjectives
These are used to separate the words and to eliminate confusion when determining whether a pair or
group of adjectives is coordinate.
Example:
 The sign had big, bold, and bright letters.
Numbers Adjectives
When they’re used in sentences, numbers are almost always adjectives.

10.  The manager was pulled by a team of six.
Interrogative Adjectives
There are three interrogative adjectives: which, what, and whose. Like all other types of adjectives,
interrogative adjectives modify noun.
Example:
 Which option sounds best to you?
 Whose socks are those ?
Indefinite Adjectives
They are used to discuss non specific things. The most common indefinite adjectives are any,
many, no, several, and few.
Example:
 There are no bananas in the fruit bowl.
 I usually read the first few pages of a book before I buy it.

11. In this we talk about specific traits, qualities, or features –in other words. They are used to
discuss attributes.
Example:
 Real, perfect, best, poor, wealthy etc.