1. Functional English
Class : BS(BB) Roll no:028
Name: Mahrukh Rafiq
Instructor: Abdul Aleem Yahya
Department: Allied Health Sciences
Presentation: Noun and Pronoun
Superior University, Lahore
2. THE NOUN
A noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.
Note.-The word thing is used to mean anything that we can think of.
KINDS OF NOUNS
1. Common Noun
2. Proper Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Abstract Noun
5. Countable Nouns
6. Uncountable Nouns
3. Common Noun
Common name of every person, place or thing. e.g., girl, boy, city, etc.
Proper Noun
Name of some particular person or place e.g., Shakespeare, India, etc.
Collective Noun
Number or collection of persons or things taken together and spoken of as a whole. e.g., army, fleet,
police etc.
Abstract Noun
Name of action, quality or state. e.g., hardness, judgement , youth, etc.
Countable Nouns
Name of objects, people, etc that we can count, e.g., book, pen, etc.
Uncountable Nouns
Names of things which we cannot count, e.g., milk, sugar, etc.
4. THE NOUN : GENDER
1. Masculine Gender
2. Feminine Gender
3. Common Gender
4. Neuter Gender
Masculine Gender
Male animal e.g., lion, hero etc
Feminine Gender
Female animal e.g., lioness, heroine etc.
Common Gender
Either a male or a female e.g., parent, student, baby etc.
Neuter Gender
Neither male nor female e.g., book, pen, room etc
5. THE NOUN : NUMBER
1. Singular Number ( one person or thing e.g., boy, girl, etc. )
2. Plural Number ( More than one person or thing e.g., boys girls etc )
THE NOUN : CASE
1. Nominative or Subjective Case
2. Genitive or Possessive Case
3. Accusative or Objective Case
Nominative Case
When a noun( or pronoun) is used as the subject of a verb, it is said to be in the Nominative
case.
e.g., Ali goes to school.
6. Genitive Case
It shows possession.
e.g., This is my book.
Accusative Case
When a noun ( or pronoun ) is used as the object of a verb.
e.g., He goes to workshop.
7. PRONOUN
A word that is used instead of a noun is called a pronoun.
Example:
• You are young.
KINDS OF PRONOUN
• Personal Pronouns
• Impersonal Pronouns
• Reflexive Pronouns
• Emphatic Pronouns
8. KINDS OF PRONOUNS
Demonstrative Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Distributive Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
Compound Relative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
I, we, you, he, (she, it), they are called Personal Pronouns because they stand for the
three persons,
• The person speaking.
• The person spoken to, and
• The person spoken of.
9. Reflexive Pronouns
When self is added to my, your, him, her, it, and selves to our, your, them called
compound personal pronouns. E.g., We hurt ourselves.
Emphatic Pronouns
Pronouns used for the sake of emphasis. E.g., I will do it myself.
Indefinite Pronouns
Pronouns refer to persons or things in general way not in particular. E.g., Some milk
was spilt.
Distributive Pronouns
Pronouns refer to persons or things at one time. E.g., Either of you can go.
10. Relative Pronouns
Pronouns refers or relates to some noun going before (antecedent).
e.g., This is the boy who works hard.
Compound Relative Pronouns
Pronouns formed by adding ever, so, or so ever to who, which and what.
e.g., Whatever he does, he does well.
Interrogative Pronouns
Pronouns used for asking questions.
e.g., I asked who was speaking.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronouns used to refer or point out the objects to which they refer.
e.g., This book is mine.
