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OBESITY
OBESITY - WHAT IS IT?

 Presence of excess body fat
 Determined by body mass index (BMI)

 BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) 2

 BMI of 25 to 29.9 = Overweight

 BMI of over 30 = Obese

 Being overweight is associated with a higher
  risk of disease, particularly if the body fat is
  concentrated around the abdomen.
CAUSES OF OBESITY
 Obesity is a complex disorder with multiple
  interactive causes
 Obesity occurs when a person consumes more
  kilojoules (energy) than he or she burns
  (through physical activity)
 The cause of the imbalance between kilojoules
  input and output may differ from person to
  person
CAUSES OF OBESITY - BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

 Gender; women carry more
  fat, but men carry more fat
  around stomach, therefore
  greater risk CVD
 Age; maintenance of body
  weight becomes more
  difficult with age
 Genetics; including
  inheritance of specific body
  type
CAUSES OF OBESITY - BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
                  Hormonal factors; BMR; basal
                   metabolic rate
               -   Your basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is
                   the minimum calorific requirement
                   needed to sustain life in a resting
                   individual. It can be looked at as
                   being the amount of energy
                   (measured in calories) expended by
                   the body to remain in bed asleep all
                   day!
               -   Thyroxin (hormone produced by the
                   thyroid gland) is a key BMR-regulator
                   which speeds up the metabolic
                   activity of the body. The more
                   thyroxin produced, the higher the
                   BMR.
CAUSES OF OBESITY - BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS
 Eating behaviour; food choices, cultural
  influences, emotions, eating habits, attitudes
 Lack of Physical activity; the amount and
  intensity of exercise
CAUSES OF OBESITY
                 - ENVIRONMENTAL
                 FACTORS

 Technology; has increased time being
  sedentary (not active), computers, remote
  controls etc
 Industrialisation; increased availability of
  high fat, sugar and energy dense foods
 Urbanisation; people living environment that
  promotes sedentary lifestyles eg. Take away
  food outlet convenience
OBESITY - A RISK FACTOR FOR…
 Life threatening chronic
  illness; CVD, type 2
  diabetes, hypertension,
  stroke, cancers
 Non-fatal debilitating
  conditions; reduce quality
  of life, gall bladder disease,
  respiratory difficulties,
  infertility and osteoarthritis
 Psychological problems;
  depression, low self esteem
ROLE OF NUTRITION AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR
FOR DISEASE
                An individuals nutrient and food
                 intake can have both short-term and
                 long-term consequences on their
                 health.
                Food choices can act as a protective
                 factor against certain diseases.
                Some commonly consumed foods are
                 energy dense, rather than supplying a
                 range of nutrients
                Regular consumption of these foods
                 decreases the quality of nutrient
                 intake.
CONTINUED

  The associated level of
   protection foods offer, is
   very closely linked with
   other factors such as;
- Physical activity
- Biological influences
- Genetics (including
gender)

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Obesity

  • 2. OBESITY - WHAT IS IT?  Presence of excess body fat  Determined by body mass index (BMI)  BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) 2  BMI of 25 to 29.9 = Overweight  BMI of over 30 = Obese  Being overweight is associated with a higher risk of disease, particularly if the body fat is concentrated around the abdomen.
  • 3. CAUSES OF OBESITY  Obesity is a complex disorder with multiple interactive causes  Obesity occurs when a person consumes more kilojoules (energy) than he or she burns (through physical activity)  The cause of the imbalance between kilojoules input and output may differ from person to person
  • 4. CAUSES OF OBESITY - BIOLOGICAL FACTORS  Gender; women carry more fat, but men carry more fat around stomach, therefore greater risk CVD  Age; maintenance of body weight becomes more difficult with age  Genetics; including inheritance of specific body type
  • 5. CAUSES OF OBESITY - BIOLOGICAL FACTORS  Hormonal factors; BMR; basal metabolic rate - Your basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is the minimum calorific requirement needed to sustain life in a resting individual. It can be looked at as being the amount of energy (measured in calories) expended by the body to remain in bed asleep all day! - Thyroxin (hormone produced by the thyroid gland) is a key BMR-regulator which speeds up the metabolic activity of the body. The more thyroxin produced, the higher the BMR.
  • 6. CAUSES OF OBESITY - BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS  Eating behaviour; food choices, cultural influences, emotions, eating habits, attitudes  Lack of Physical activity; the amount and intensity of exercise
  • 7. CAUSES OF OBESITY - ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  Technology; has increased time being sedentary (not active), computers, remote controls etc  Industrialisation; increased availability of high fat, sugar and energy dense foods  Urbanisation; people living environment that promotes sedentary lifestyles eg. Take away food outlet convenience
  • 8. OBESITY - A RISK FACTOR FOR…  Life threatening chronic illness; CVD, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cancers  Non-fatal debilitating conditions; reduce quality of life, gall bladder disease, respiratory difficulties, infertility and osteoarthritis  Psychological problems; depression, low self esteem
  • 9. ROLE OF NUTRITION AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR FOR DISEASE  An individuals nutrient and food intake can have both short-term and long-term consequences on their health.  Food choices can act as a protective factor against certain diseases.  Some commonly consumed foods are energy dense, rather than supplying a range of nutrients  Regular consumption of these foods decreases the quality of nutrient intake.
  • 10. CONTINUED  The associated level of protection foods offer, is very closely linked with other factors such as; - Physical activity - Biological influences - Genetics (including gender)