Turkey occupies a unique geographic position between Asia and Europe. It has long-standing military and economic ties with Pakistan. The two countries have supported each other on issues like Kashmir and Qabras. Turkey has openly supported Pakistan's stance on the Kashmir issue and provided aid after natural disasters in Pakistan. Both countries aim to strengthen economic cooperation and increase bilateral trade. They also have cooperation on defense production and joint military exercises.

1. PAK AND TURKEY RELATION
Muhammad Muneeb

2. TURKEY
 Turkey, country that occupies a unique geographic
position, lying partly in Asia and partly in Europe.
Throughout its history it has acted as both a barrier
and a bridge between the two continents.

3.  Turkey is a transcontinental country located in
both Asia and Europe. 97% of Turkey's territory
lies in Asia and only 3% of its territory lies in Europe
 Largest city: Istanbul; 41°1′N 28°57′E
/ 
41.0...
 Official languages: Turkish
 Currency: Turkish lira (₺) (TRY)
 FLAG

4. WHAT WAS TURKEY BEFORE IT WAS TURKEY
 Turkish history extends back thousands of years
before the founding of the Turkish Republic in 1923.
Turks, originally a nomadic people from Central
Asia, established several empires, including the
Seljuk Empire and later the Ottoman Empire, which
was founded in Anatolia by Turkish ruler Osman in
1299.

5. TURKEY TRADE AGREEMENTS
 Turkey has concluded FTAs with 38 countries, 11 of
which were repealed due to the accession of these
countries to the EU. Currently, Turkey has 22 FTAs
in force ; namely, EFTA, Israel, Macedonia, Bosnia-
Herzegovina, Palestine, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt,
Albania, Georgia, Montenegro, Serbia, Chile,
Mauritius, South Korea, Malaysia, Moldova, Faroe
Islands, Singapore, Kosovo, Venezuela and United
Kingdom.
 The FTAs signed with Lebanon, Qatar and Sudan
are under ratification process.

6. TURKEY TRADE AGREEMENTS
 Also, Turkey has been conducting negotiations to
extend the scope of its existing FTAs with an aim to
update and deepen their scope. To this extent, the
negotiations with EFTA, Serbia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina and Montenegro have been concluded
and the negotiations with Georgia and Malaysia
will be finalized in the near future.

7. TURKEY TRADE AGREEMENTS
 Meanwhile, there are 17 countries/country blocs that
Turkey has started FTA negotiations. Turkey has been
actively engaged in negotiations with 5 of them; namely
Indonesia, Japan, Somalia, Thailand, and Ukraine.
Turkey continues its efforts to speed up the process for
our remaining ongoing FTA negotiations with Dem. Rep
of Congo, Djibouti, Cameroon, Chad, Seychelles, Gulf
Cooperation Council, and MERCOSUR. Moreover,
Turkey has launched initiatives to start negotiations with
9 countries/country blocs, which are the USA, Canada,
India, Vietnam, Central American Countries, other ACP
Countries, Algeria, Libya and South Africa. Turkey also
conducts preferential trade agreement negotiations with
Azerbaijan, Iran and Uzbekistan.

8. LIST OF TREATIES OF TURKEY
Date Name of the treaty
Signatories (other
than Turkey)
3 December 1920
Treaty of Alexandropol
(Gyumri)
Armenia
9 March 1921 Cilicia Peace Treaty France
16 March 1921 Treaty of Moscow Soviet Union
13 October 1921 Treaty of Kars
Armenian
SSR, Azerbaijan
SSR, Georgian SSR

9. 20 October 1921 Treaty of Ankara France
11 October 1922 Armistice of Mudanya
United Kingdom,
France, Italy
24 July 1923 Treaty of Lausanne
United Kingdom,
France, Italy, Japan, G
reece, Romania, Yugo
slavia
9 February 1934 Balkan Pact
Greece, Romania,
Yugoslavia

10. LIST OF TREATIES OF TURKEY
20 July 1936
Montreux
Convention
United Kingdom,
France, Italy,
Romania, Soviet
Union, Ukraine,
Greece, Yugoslavia,
Japan
8 July 1937 Treaty of Saadabad Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan
14 September 1937 Nyon Arrangement
United
Kingdom, Bulgaria, Eg
ypt, France, Greece,
Romania, Soviet
Union, Yugoslavia
18 June 1941
German–Turkish
Treaty of Friendship
Germany

11. LIST OF TREATIES OF TURKEY
26 February 1955
Baghdad Pact (later
CENTO)
United Kingdom,
Iran, Iraq, Pakistan
12 September 1963 Ankara Agreement Common Market
21 July 1964 RCD Treaty Iran, Pakistan
25 June 1992 Bosporus Statement
Albania, Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Bulgaria, Georgia,
Greece, Moldova,
Romania, Russia,
Ukraine

12. LIST OF TREATIES OF TURKEY
17 July 2003 ECO Treaty
Afghanistan,
Azerbaijan,
Iran, Kazakhstan, Ky
rgyzstan,
Pakistan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbek
istan
16 August 2010
The Agreement on
Strategic Partnership
and Mutual Support
Azerbaijan
11 February 195919
February 1959
Zürich and London
Agreements
United Kingdom,
Greece

13. TURKEY TERRITORIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 Kurds are the largest ethnic and linguistic
minority in Turkey. The estimated numbers
claimed by various sources range from 10 to 23 per
cent of the population. According to the 1965
national census, those who declared Kurdish as
their mother tongue or second language constituted
around 7.5 per cent of the population.

14. TURKEY CLIMATE AGREEMENTS
 What is Turkey doing to stop climate change?
 Under President Erdoğan, Ankara became a party
of the Kyoto Protocol in 2009 and the Paris
Agreement in October 2021. By taking these
steps, Turkey committed to achieving net-zero
carbon emissions by 2053

15. PAK TURKEY RELATIONS
 Turkey supports Pakistan membership of the
nuclear supplier.
 Pakistan has a embassy in Ankara, a Consulate
General in Istanbul and a honorary consulate in
lzmir.
 Turkey has a embassy in Islamabad, a Consulate
General in Karachi and a honorary consulate in
Lahore, Peshawer, sialkot and Faisalabad.

16. PAK TURKEY RELATIONS
 Turkey has openly supported the stance of
Pakistan'son Kashmir issue.
 Both nations have sought to expand cooperation to
fight terrorism.

17. MILITARY RELATIONS
 Pakistan and Turkey have maintaining long-
standing military ties with Turkey also provide
training to Pakistani Air Force officers in up grading
its F-16 fleet.
 Turkey previous purchase armý from Pakistan and
continue to purchase minor aerial weapons and
component from Pakistan.

18. MILITARY RELATIONS
 Turkey and Pakistan have strong military
relationship consisting of joint exercise and a
substantial portion of the, Pakistan Navy's fleet
consisting of joint Pakistan-Turkey naval ships such
as fleet tankers and a fast attack craft.

19. AID EXCHANGE
 Turkey helped Pakistan in the aftermath of 2005
Kashmir earth quake
 Turkey announced a package of si50 million for the
earthquake-hit people.
 The Turkish aid organization Kizilay also
constructed a mosque in Pakistan's Azad Kashmir
region bordering Indian-administered Jammu and
Kashmir. The mosque is being built in the ottoman
style in Pakistan's Bagh district.

20. ECONOMIC RELATION
 The two nations are in the process of strengthening
economic relations with a Pakistan Turkey Free
Trade Agreement aiming to raise bilateral trade
volume toS1o billion by 2020.
 Great Anatolia Logistics Organization' is working for
improving train service through Istanbul to
Islamabad route to provide cost effective and
reliable facilities for trade and services.

21. ECONOMIC RELATION
 Road Transport Joint commission' between the two
countries is working for the regulation of road
transport.

22. UNITY OF ISLAMIC WORLD
 In February 1952 agreement between Pakistan and
turkey was signed. The Turk President and
Pakistan president called it step to the unity of
Islamic World.
 Baghdad pact (CENTO0)
 In 1954 Pakistan and turkey signed a pact of
Eeconomics cooperation.The two countries came
nearer after signing pact i.e. Baghdad Pact
(CENTO) IN 1955.

23. R.C.D/E.C.O
 In 1964 the three countries signed a pact (Pakistan,
Iran and Turkey) in Istanbul to promote regional
cooperation for development. The organization of
RCDD did well in many fields. It was closed after
the revolution of Iran in 1979. When the internal
affairs of Iran improve then in 1985it was decided to
form a new organization name ECO.

24. FRIENDLY VISIT
 In 1953,Pakistan Governor General Ghulam
Muhammad visited Turkey. In 1955 Turk President
Jalaal Bayar visited Pakistan in November
1939President Ayub Khan visited turkey. In1972
Z.A. Bhutto and later on Muhammad khan Janejo
visited Turkey to strengthen the relation.
 In 1983 president Zia-ul-Haq visited Turkey. In
1985President kanan visited Pakistan. In January
2000Turkish Foreign Minister visited Pakistan .20th
January2004 President Musharraf visited Turkey.

25. QABRAS ISSUE
 Pakistan has supported regarding Qabras issue
where Qabras is the issue between the people of
Turkey and Greece. Pakistan expressed great
concern in 1974on the efforts of unification between
Qabras and Greece. Pakistan openly support
Turkish decision to send its troops in Qabras. t sent
medicine supplies to Turkey and offered to send
volunteers for providing all sorts of help and
assistance to the Turkish Government

26. AGREEMENT ON AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE
TAXATION
 In September 1985 Pakistan and Turkey signed an
agreement on avoidance of double taxation.
Pakistan's Nuclear Expulsion
 In 1998 Pakistan conduct its nuclear weapons all
the doner state of the imposed sanctions on
Pakistan. But the government of "Turkey fully
supported Pakistan.

27. JOINT DEFENSE VENTURESON
 April 28, 2004, Pakistan and Turkey discussed
setting up defense joint ventures,
including a joint ventures, including a project to
produce unmanned aerial drones. Pakistan and
Turkey expressed the desire to undertake a joint
venture for the production of BMC Military Trucks.

28. TURKEY AND PAKISTAN
 turkey and Pakistan should work on common
challenges as well as opportunities and strengthen
their solidarity, a group of experts from the two
countries said following a four-day dialogue
meeting in Istanbul.
 Rabia Akhtar, a professor at the University of
Lahore, and leader of the Pakistani delegation was
quoted by Anadolu Agency (AA) as saying there
were "plenty of common opportunities and
challenges that Pakistan and Turkey can benefit
from, and combat together."

29. TURKEY AND PAKISTAN
 A group of 19 Pakistani academicians and former
soldiers held a four-day long dialogue with their
Turkish counterparts, discussing varied aspects of
bilateral, regional, and global security issues at
Istanbul Aydın University, Turkish policy think-tank
SETA and Bahçeşehir University.
 Researcher Elif Bali Kurtarır from Yıldız technical
University said Turkey’s policy toward South Asia
has included humanitarian touch where Ankara has
reached out to help in times of disasters and has
helped the persecuted like Rohingya.

30. TURKEY AND PAKISTAN
 She said under the "Asia Anew" policy, Ankara was
trying to "build new ties and cooperation in the
region."
 Hussain Shaheed Suhrwardy, professor of
international relations at the University of
Peshawar, said Pakistan was "living in different
circumstances and those on the shores of the
Atlantic don't understand our circumstances."

31.  Suggesting strengthening South-South (East-East)
cooperation, he said South Asians were "quite
disappointed by European and Atlantic security
model."
 He said the Mediterranean region was once the
center of power which later then shifted to the
Atlantic.
 "Amid China's rise," he noted, "this power center is
coming back to Asia and this superpower status will
remain in Asia for centuries to come."

32.  ‘Double-track foreign policy’
 Esra Hatipoğlu from Bahçeşehir University said
trust and common interest are important issues
between any two nations for building relations.
 Scanning through Turkey’s different eras of foreign
policy, Hatipoğlu said Ankara has played a role of
"mediating power between the East and the West,"
citing Istanbul Mediation Conference as an
example.

33.  Since 2012, Turkey has been hosting mediation
conferences in Istanbul to harness the growing
interest in the peace-making agenda in general and
mediation in particular bringing together experts
and practitioners to exchange knowledge and
practices in mediation.
 "Turkey tried to act as a mediator for conflict
resolution all through the world and then Ankara
tried to act as post-conflict resolution actor but tried
to touch issues selectively, focusing on its
power/capability,"

34. TURKEY AND PAKISTAN
 Describing Turkey’s foreign policy as a combination
of three elements "reinforce, renewal, and forward-
looking," she said Ankara was "pursuing a double-
track foreign policy."
 "Ankara relatively enjoys independent foreign policy
which is a regional and middle power and a game-
changer," Hatipoğlu said, Turkey has to "increase
its self-sufficiency and invest in the defense
industry.“ she said.

35. TURKEY AND PAKISTAN
 She said Turkey is conscious of interdependence,
connectedness, and solidarity in international
politics, while at the same time humanitarian issues
and developmental aid continue to remain the
number one priority.

36. TURKEY AND PAKISTAN
 NATO membership advantage
 Tolga Sakman, who leads the Istanbul-based
thinktank Center for Diplomatic Affairs and Political
Studies (DIPAM), said Turkey’s membership in
NATO was an "advantage" for the multi-national
security alliance.
 "It is an antidote to claims that NATO is an alliance
of Christians ... presence of Turkish troops in
Muslim areas is less disturbing," he argued.

37. TURKEY AND PAKISTAN
 He said in the attempts where the Joe Biden
administration wants to use NATO as a bulwark
against Russia and China, "securing Turkey’s
cooperation is important."
 Turkey is the second-largest military in the NATO,
he said, "necessarily contributing to NATO's overall
capability and is participating in almost in all NATO
missions."
 However, he said the membership of NATO also
"limits" Turkey’s new defense cooperation pacts
with non-NATO members