Earth system refers to Earth’s interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes. The system consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. It includes the planet’s natural cycles – the carbon, water, nitrogen, phosphorus, Sulphur and other cycles – and deep Earth processes. Life too is an integral part of the Earth system Reduce climate change Ecological services generated by the living biosphere Food production Natural Resources

1. Topic:
The Earth System
Earth & Life
Science
Grade 11
Mrs.MerieLyn DJ. Agustin-Dela Cruz
Science Teacher

2. The Earth
System

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01
Table of
Contents!
Overview
Explain that the Earth
consists of four subsystems,
across whose boundaries
matter and energy flow.
Topic Features
Earth and Earth Systems

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 It includes the planet’s natural cycles
– the carbon, water, nitrogen,
phosphorus, Sulphur and other
cycles – and deep Earth processes.
 Life too is an integral part of the
Earth system.
The Earth System
 Earth system refers to Earth’s
interacting physical, chemical, and
biological processes.
 The system consists of the land,
oceans, atmosphere and poles.

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Subsystem Functions
 Reduce climate change
 Ecological services generated by
the living biosphere
 Food production
 Natural Resources

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 It includes all the mountains on
the surface, as well as all the
liquid rock in the mantle below
us and the minerals and metals
of the outer and inner cores.
1. The Geosphere
 Geosphere includes the non-living
land features.
 Geosphere came from a Latin name
“geo” which means grounds.
 It is also known as Lithosphere.
 It makes up the solid position of
the Earth, its structure and
land.
 The lithosphere is the area that
mostly affects the Earth system.

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 It may also be the water in the
underground, in wells, and aquifers
and may exist even as a moisture in
the air, which is visible as clouds and
fogs.
2. The Hydrosphere
 The hydrosphere is composed of all
waters on or near the earth surface.
 Includes water on the surface like
the oceans, rivers and lakes.

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 Mostly 97% of the Earth’s water is in
the form of oceans (salty) and the rest
is fresh water (non-salty).
 Three quarters of this fresh water is
solid and exist in the ice sheets.
2. The Hydrosphere
 Can be in the form of liquid, vapor
and ice such as glaciers, ice caps
and icebergs.
 The frozen part is called Cryosphere.

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13
PAGE
12  This this layer of gas envelops our
planet is necessary to sustain life
because it contains gases
essential for humans and animals
to breath.
 It enables plants to make their
own food.
 Protect us from harmful
radiation.
 Drives ocean currents that spread
heat which regulates our climate.
3. The Atmosphere
 It is not just merely the air that we
breath but also a blanket of gas that
surrounds our planet up to the edge
of space.

10. Atmosphere helps keep our
planet’s temperature to a
level conducive to life.
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 The remaining part of the atmosphere
is composed of traces of gases such
as argon while the others are carbon
dioxide and ozone which are present
in minutes amounts.
3. The Atmosphere
 The atmosphere includes air,
precipitation, clouds and aerosols.
 They are tiny particles suspended in
the air.
 It contains mixture of gases such
as oxygen and nitrogen that
makes up 99% of the volume of
the air.

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Parts of the Atmosphere
 It is a part of the atmosphere that
starts at the Earth’s surface 8 to
14.5 kilometers high.
 It is considered the densest
among the other parts of the
atmosphere.
 Almost all weather types are in
this region.
1.Troposphere

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Parts of the Atmosphere
 It extends up to 50 kilometers high.
 This is the region where we can
find the ozone layer.
 The ozone layer or ozone shield is
a region of Earth's stratosphere
that absorbs most of the Sun's
ultraviolet radiation.
2. Stratosphere

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Parts of the Atmosphere
 This region is above the
stratosphere and extends up to 85
kilometers.
 Meteors usually burn up in this
region as they approach our
planet.
3. Mesosphere

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Parts of the Atmosphere
 The thermosphere extends up to
600 kilometers above the
mesosphere.
 It is where the aurora and
satellites occur.
4. Thermosphere

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Parts of the Atmosphere
 This is the upper limit of our
atmosphere.
 It extends from the top of the
thermosphere up to 10,000
kilometers.
5. Exosphere

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 It could occupy the oceans, surfaces
of the land and can also be in the
atmosphere.
4. Biosphere
 The biosphere is termed as the
“zone of life”.
 It is also known as the exosphere,
is the worldwide sum of all
ecosystems.
 It is the part of the earth where
life exist.
.

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 It has been said that the biosphere
existed for about 3.5 billions years.
 Prokaryotes are said to be the earliest
life forms which survived without
oxygen.
4. Biosphere
 The biosphere measures about 20
kilometers from top to bottom
where almost all life exists between
500 meters below the ocean’s
surface to about 6 kilometers above
sea level.
 The biosphere ranges from a
height of 10 kilometers above
sea level as well as below the
ocean’s surface to about 6
kilometers deep.
.

19.  Identify and briefly
explain the layers of
the Earth.
 Illustrate the layers.
Homework!
Short Quiz!
• What do you think would happen
if one of the components is
removed from the biosphere?
• Would Earth be able to sustain
life if one of the major spheres is
not present?
• Explain your answer.

20. THANK YOU

21. Topic:
The Earth System
Earth & Life
Science
Grade 11
Mrs.MerieLyn DJ. Agustin-Dela Cruz
Science Teacher
Thank You!