Safety and First Aid
BPATS TRAINING
JUNE 1, 2022

First Aid
 The care given to an injured or ill person
until regular medical care can be supplied.

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The Aims of First Aid
 To Preserve life
 To Prevent the condition
getting worse
 To Promote recovery
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Human Anatomy
(remind/revise)
1. Trachea
2. Lungs
3. Heart
4. Liver
5. Stomach
6. Pancreas
7. Large intestine
8. Small intestine
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3
4
2
5
6
7
8
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Circulatory System
Aorta
Largest artery in the
body
Arteries
Strong muscular, elastic walls
enable arteries to expand
with each surge of blood
away from the heart and
towards tissues
Veins
Action of muscles around
these thin walled vessels
squeezes blood through
them, and one-way valves
keep it from flowing back
towards the heart
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Universal Precautions for Airborne
& Bloodborn Pathogens
HIV & Hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Gloves & Respiratory
Barrier devise are a must to
prevent transmission of
diseases

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Self Protection
ALWAYS
WEAR GLOVES
When dealing with blood
or body fluids
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DURING TREATMENT
avoid coughing, breathing, or speaking over the
wound
avoid contact with body fluids
use a face shield or mask with one-way-valve
when doing active resuscitation
use only clean bandages and dressings
avoid treating more than one casualty without
washing hands and changing gloves
AFTER TREATMENT
clean up both casualty and yourself
clean up the immediate vicinity
dispose of dressings, bandages, gloves and
soiled clothing correctly
wash hands with soap and water

Fundamentals of First Aid
Activate EMS System
“911”
 1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)
 2. Control bleeding
 3. Treat for Shock(medical emergencies)
 4. Open wounds & Burns
 5. Fractures & Dislocations
 6. Transportation

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Emergency Services 999
• Name and telephone number
• Give exact location
• Type of incident
• Seriousness of incident
• Number of casualties
• Condition of casualties
• Any hazards
Always Give the Following Information:
DON'T HANG UP THE PHONE UNTIL
YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO !
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Life-Threatening Emergencies
1. The person has stopped breathing
2. The person has no heartbeat
3. The person is bleeding severely
4. The person is choking
5. The person has swallowed poison
6. The person has been severely burned

Accident
 An unexpected event that results in
damage or harm

Accidental Injuries
 Injuries caused by unexpected events

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Road Traffic Accidents
Make the accident site safe
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Speed Kills

The Three C’s
1. CHECK the Scene and Victim
 Make sure the area is safe for you and the
victim
 Move the victim only if they are in danger

The Three C’s
2. CALL for Help
 Call 911 or local EMS (Emergency Medical
Service)

The Three C’s
 3. CARE for the person until help arrives
 Use first aid techniques to treat the victim until help
arrives.

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Pulse Points
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
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Rescue Breathing
 A substitute for normal breathing in which
someone forces air into the victim’s lungs.
 1. Listen close to the victim’s nose and mouth
 2. Tilt the head back to open the airway

Rescue Breathing
 3. Pinch the nose shut and give two slow
breaths. The chest should rise with each
breath
 4. If the victim begins to breath normally stop

Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation
 an emergency procedure consisting
of chest compressions often
combined with artificial ventilation in
an effort to manually preserve intact
brain function until further measures
are taken to restore spontaneous
blood circulation and breathing in a
person who is in cardiac arrest.

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Principles of Resuscitation
 For life to be sustained,:
 A constant supply of oxygen must be
maintained and delivered to the brain and
other vital organs by circulating the blood.
 The “pump” that maintains this circulation:
 Is the heart. If the heart stops (cardiac arrest)
urgent action must be taken if death is to be
prevented.
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Reaction Time
 If CPR/Artificial respiration is administered
 Chance of brain damage
0 to 4 minutes -
4 to 6 minutes -
6 to 10 minutes-
10 minutes + -
Recovery rate of
victim if has
artificial
respiration done
immediately
Oxygenated
blood flow
must get to
brain

A-B-C’s
 Use chin lift/head tilt
Look.-listen-feel for breathing
Attempt to Ventilate
Ventilate Every 5 seconds
• Establish responsiveness
Check pulse Recovery position

CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Hands Only CPR
• Hands-Only CPR is CPR without mouth-to-mouth breaths.

CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Hands Only CPR
1. Be sure 911 has been called!
2. Keep the neck and head in proper alignment.
3. Gently guide the victim/patient to the floor and elevate the legs
by placing a blanket or pillow under the legs.
4. Tap on the shoulder and shout,
“Are you okay?” and
quickly look for breathing.
5. If unresponsive and not breathing,
BEGIN CHEST COMPRESSIONS!

CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
How to do Chest Compressions
1. Place the heel of the other hand on top of the first hand, lacing
your fingers together.
2. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest.
3. Keep your arms straight, position your shoulders directly over
your hands.
4. Push hard, push fast:
• Compress the chest at least 2 inches;
• Compress at least 100 times per minute;
• Let the chest rise completely before
pushing down again.

CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
When to Stop Chest Compressions
Do Not Stop Except in one of these situations:
• You see an obvious sign of life (breathing);
• Another trained responder arrives and takes over;
• EMS personnel arrive and take over;
• You are too exhausted to continue;
• An AED is ready to use; or
• The scene becomes unsafe.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wa5oPu2hTdw

Types of Wounds

Types of Bleeding
•Veins
•Capillary
Spurting
Steady flow
Oozing
Artery
Internal Injuries

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Functions of the Blood
 Transportation of gases
 Nutrition
 Regulation
 Protection
 Excretion

First Aid for Severe Bleeding
 Wear gloves if possible and wash you hands
after
 Sit or lay the victim down
 Elevate the wound above the heart
 Apply direct pressure with a clean cloth
 Wrap the wound
 Apply pressure to the artery
 Get them professional treatment

Control of Bleeding
Direct Pressure
Elevation
Cold Applications
Pressure bandage

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Dressings & Bandages: Uses
 Dressings
 Control bleeding
 Reduce infection
 Bandages
 Direct pressure
 Securing dressings etc
 Reduce swelling, support limbs
 Restrict movement
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Tourniquet
Absolute last resort in
controlling bleeding
Remember - Life or limb
Once a tourniquet is
applied, it is not to be
removed , only by a
doctor

First Aid for Choking
 Know universal sign for choking
 Ask “are you choking”

First Aid for Choking
 Use abdominal thrusts- upward pulls into
the diaphragm to force out the object
blocking the airway.

Heimlich Maneuver
for
Conscious Airway Obstruction

First Aid for Choking
 For an infant you will give them 5 back
blows and five chest compressions. Using
fingertips on breastbone
 If they become unconscious call 911

First Aid for Poisoning
 Call 911

First Aid for Burns
Kinds of Burns
First Degree
 Burn in which only the
outer part of the skin is
burned and turns red
 Treatment-Cool the
burned area with cold
water (15 min.) and cover
with a clean dry dressing.

First Aid for Burns
Second Degree
 A serious burn in which
the damaged area
blisters or peels.
 Treatment-Cool the
burned area with cold
water (15 min.) and
elevate. Wrap loosely
with clean dry dressing.
DO NOT POP
BLISTERS!

First Aid for Burns
Third Degree
 A very serious burn in
which deep layers of
skin and nerve
endings are
damaged.
 Treatment-Cool the
burned area with cold
water as best as you
can. Call 911
immediately.

Burns
Cool applicationDon’t break
blisters
Dry sterile dressing, treat for
shock
RAPID TRANSPORT!!!

First Aid for Breaks
 Fracture- Break in a bone
 Ask questions- did you hear a snap or
does the are hurt when touched.
 If you suspect a break call 911 do not
attempt to move them.

Fractures & Dislocations
Must treat for bleeding first
Do not push
bones back
into place
Don’t straighten break
Treat the way you found it

First Aid for Sprains
 Sprain- when a joint is stretched or twisted
causing damage to the tendons and
ligaments
 Use the R.I.C.E. method
 Rest. Ice. Compression. Elevation.
 Temporary reduction of blood flow
to the brain
 Reaction to pain or fright
 Emotional upset
 Exhaustion
 Lack of food
 Long periods of standing

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If unconsciousness persists
Call for the ambulance
Treatment for Fainting
 Raise and support lower limbs
 Fresh air, open window
 As they recover reassure casualty
 Assist casualty to sit up
 Treat any injuries

Snake & Spider bites
Rattlesnake Copperhead Black Widow Brown Recluse
Limit activity
Constricting bandage above
Cold application
Advanced medical attention
Good Samaritan laws offer legal protection
to people who give reasonable assistance
to those who are, or whom they believe to
be injured, ill, in peril, or otherwise
incapacitated

GOOD SAMARITAN LAW
offer legal protection to people who give
reasonable assistance to those who are, or
whom they believe to be injured, ill, in peril,
or otherwise incapacitated