1.
“THE ANIMAL KINGDOM”
(VERTEBRATE & CHORDATE)
Joshua P. Magpantay

2.
CHORDATES
 They are notochord, the dorsal hollow nerve cord,
gill slits and a post-anal tail
In many chordate, the notochord later becomes
the backbone
chordate group have notochord, tail and gill slits
only in the embryo stage.

3.
CHORDATE
(TUNICATES)
There are species which has a lower chordate (
tunicates and lancelets.)
The adult tunicates have only gill slits present
Tunicates attach to solid materials like rock or
coral reefs.
They are filter feeder, taking in food particles
suspended in water.

4.
CHORDATE
(LANCELETS)
• Have four chordate characteristics present in the adult
stage
• They live in sandy ocean bottom
• They are also suspensions feeders
• They move like a fishlike motion using the muscle on
both sides of their body

5.
VERTEBRATES
•Most vertebrates are sea and land dwellers
•The vertebrates’ notochord is replaced by the
backbone or the vertebral column.
•The nerve cord is enclosed by the projection of the
vertebrae.

6.
•The tail can be the bone and muscle that animals
use for swimming aquatic species.
•For some vertebrates, the gill slits remain till the
adult stage
•These are modified into structure of gas exchange.

7.
FISHES
•Found in salty, fresh, cold, even hot water.
•Most have scales for protection.
•Paired fins for movement and gills for gas
exchange.

8.
FISHES
•They may lay eggs to produce or give birth to live
young
•They are cold blooded, because their body
temperature changes when environment
temperature changes .
•Certain fishes do not have true teeth or may be
jawless as compared to other

9.
JAWLESS FISHES
•Jawless fishes belong to class Agnatha
Example:
•Lampreys, being parasites, have tooth-like structure
in their mouth that can be attach to bodies of
other fishes
•The hagfish is wormlike and use a tooth-like
tongue to eat dead organism

10.
CARTILAGINOUS
FISHES
•Include the rays, skates and sharks
•They have skeleton made of soft, flexible protein
material called cartilage.
•Some of them are covered with tough,
sandpaperlike skin due to the presence of toothlike
scales

11.
CARTILAGINOUS
FISHES
•Skate and rays have winglike fins, this fins enable
the fish to move
•Some of them eat floating planktons while Others
feed on invertebrates at the bottom of seas and
oceans

12.
CARTILAGINOUS
FISHES
•Shark may feed on small fishes or on floating algae.
•The whale shark is the largest fish locally known as
“butanding”

13.
OSTEICHTHLYES
FISHES
• They are bony fishes
• These fishes that have an endoskeleton made of hard
calcium material called bone
• Example of bony fishes are: milkfish, tuna, goldfish, tilapia
and eels
• Lungfish breathes through the lungs in addition to having
gills also for respiration

14.
AMPHIBIANS
•Means “double life”
•Animals that lives part in water and part on
land
•Amphibians are divided into three groups,
the: Caecilians, Salamanders and Frog and
Toads

15.
REPTILES
• Animals that are exhibits more adaptations for living land
• Have smooth or rough scales for protection from loss of
body water
Example of reptiles:
Lizard and Snakes
Crocodiles and Alligators
Turtles and Tortoises

16.
LIZARDS AND SNAKES
•Have smooth scales
•Example of lizard are house lizard, gecko, monitor
lizard, chamleleon and horned toad
•Snakes are legless and have flexible jaws
•Some of them are poisonous like cobra and rattle
snake

17.
CROCODILES AND ALLIGATORS
•Alligator live in freshwater
•Crocodiles live in fresh and salty water in tropical
and subtropical regions
•The Philippine crocodile is critically endangered
crocodile species in the world

18.
TURTLES AND TORTOISES
• Are enclosed in a shell
• The head and legs are pulled inside of this shell as
protection for predator
• Tortoise lives on land
• Turtles live mostly in water

19.
BIRDS
• Most bird are adapted to fly
• Presence of wings and feather, large flight muscles in the
breast bone
• They are weight less because their bone are light and
hollow filled with air
• Their body temperature remains the same despite varying
environmental temperature due to the insulation
provided by feathers

20.
BIRDS
• They have bills or beaks
• Their wings and feet are different according to what food
and place they live.
• Certain birds feed on rice or corn grains, they have role in
dispersing seeds to various places
• Philippine eagle has been declared as a critically
endangered species

21.
MAMMALS
• Animals which have mammary glands that produce milk
• They breathe in air
• Have four chambered hearts and are warm-bloodied
• Give birth to live young and care for them

22.
THE GROUP OF MAMMALS
•Monotremes
•Marsupials
•Eutherians

23.
MONOTREMES
•Lay eggs similar to those of birds
•They have spiny anteater
•Examples is duck-billed platypus

24.
MARSUPIALS
•The pouched mammals also give birth to live
young
•Some marsupials are found in central and south
America
•Examples: koalas, kangaroos and wombats and
flying phalangers

25.
EUTHERIANS
•The largest group of mammals. Known as placental
mammals
•They bear fully developed young inside the
mother’s uterus
•These young are attached to placenta, which they
receive nourishment until they are born.

26.
Oder Characteristics Examples
Insectivora Insect-eating Shrews, moles
Chiroptera Flying Bats
Rodentia Gnawing Rats, mice, squirrels
Lagomorpha Rodentlike Rabbits, hares
Endetata Toothless Armadillos
Cetacea Aquatic Whales, dolphins
Sirenia Aquatic Dugong, manatee
Proboscidea Trunk-nosed Elephants
Carnivora Flesh-eating Dogs, cats, bears, seals,
walruses
Ungulata Hoofed foot Horses, zebras,
rhinoceros, giraffes,
carabaos, goat, pigs
Primates Large brain relative to
body size
Lemurs, monkeys, apes,
humans.

27.
PRIMATES
• They are able to walk erect,
• Fingers and toes adapted to grasp or hang on branches
and hold things or manipulate food
• High degree of intelligence
• Exhibits social behavior like living in organize groups
• Take care of orphaned individuals or even fight with
competing groups

28.
UNIQUENESS OF MAMMALS
• Present from very the very cold to warmest regions and in
salt waters.
• Waste of this animals serve as fertilizers to plant.
• Mammals have become an important part of ecosystems.
• In grassland
• In forest
• In farmland
• In whatever way, good or bad mammals affect the
ecosystems where they live

29.
LOW AND HIGH BIODIVERSITY
“Rainforest have high rainfall, thus have lots of
plants in them. This condition provides shelter, water
and food to many species that can survive drought
or disasters as well as competition with other
species. This result to stable ecosystem with lesser
rate of species loss”

30.
The End