2. 1928 the first tv
• Mechanical televisions were commercially sold from 1928 to
1934 in the United Kingdom, United States, and Soviet
Union.
• The earliest commercially made televisions sold by Baird
called Televisors in the UK in 1928
• radios with the addition of a television device consisting of
a neon tube behind a mechanically spinning disk (called
Nipkow’s disk)
• This was the first mass-produced television set, selling about
a thousand units.
3. 1930s – 1950s
• 1936 the BBC’s first electronic broadcast
• 1938 Community Antenna TV launched in Bristol and
Kingston Upon Hull using 405-line service
• The BBC stops broadcasting between 1939 and 1946
because of world war 2
• Itv begins broadcasting in 1955
4. 1960
• BBC 2 launches in a higher definition 625-line format
• Owners of 405-line TVs cannot watch it
• 1966 The World Cup Final broadcast on BBC One and
ITV with 32.3 million viewers
• 1967 Colour broadcast begin on BBC Two
• 1969 Colour transmissions begin on BBC One and ITV
• 1969 The Apollo 1 Moon Landing broadcasts on all
three channels
5. 1970
• 1974 Cee fax and ORACLE launch, the first teletext
services.
• Fawlty Towers firsts broadcasts.
• 1979 Almost all ITV broadcasts and production stop
due to a 10 week industrial dispute
• The dispute started at the Thames’ management with
the electricians.
• Then the broadcasting union ACTT told member at 13
ITV stations to walk out in support.
6. 1980
• 1982 Launch of Channel 4 and S4C
• 1989 Sky launches a subscription service with pay-
per-view movies
7. 1990
• 1990 Two ITV regions and Channel 4 broadcast stereo
sound transmissions, the rest of ITV follows in the
next few years
• BSB launches with 5 subscription channels
• 1991 The BBC launches stereo broadcasting
• 1992 BSB merges with sky
• 1997 Channel 5 launches it is the first terrestrial
broadcaster to also launch on sky
• 1998 Skydigital, marketed as Sky TV launches the
first digital satellite service
• 1999 Kingston Interactive Television (KIT) launches in
Hull it is the first video on demand service in the UK
8. 2000’s onwards
• 2002 Freeview launches, it is a free digital terrestrial
service
• 2006 The UK’s first public HD broadcast as BBC One and
ITV show the World Cup
• 2006 Sky Anytime launches, allows to download
televisions programs
• 2006 Kingston communications cease KIT
• Channel 4 launches 4 on Demand
• 2007 relaunches itv.com as an on demand portal
• 2007 The digital switch over begins
• 2007 BBC launches Iplayer
• 2012 Analogue terrestrial transmissions stop broadcasting
9. Television Licensing
• First introduced on 1 June 1946
• The licence would cover the cost of black and white single-
channel BBC television services and would cost £2
(equivalent to £75 as of 2015). Now, a television license
costs £147 a year.
• Originally, the licence was issued by the General Post Office
(GPO), who at the time were the regulator of public
communications in the UK.
• The original fee included radios too but was later exempted
from the fee in 1971.
• As a result of the Broadcasting Act 1990, the BBC was
made responsible for licence administration and TV
Licensing was sub-contracted to collect the fee on its behalf.
The fee now pays for the radio, television and online
services of the BBC itself.
10. How has the internet changed
the television industry?
• Television used to refer to a cabinet-like device, with scheduled programmes
on a small number of broadcast channels. Now, viewers are in control of what
they watch and can do so when they want with applications such as Netflix,
Amazon Prime Video, NOW TV that accommodate binge-watching.
• Commentary has moved from the weekly TV guide or the daily newspaper to
social media, TV shows will trend online and people can comment live on
what they’re watching.
• Moving from ad-based revenue to subscriptions. Although ad-based
television is still the major revenue model, subscriptions are becoming
increasingly popular because of streaming apps online.
The finale of the US series Breaking Bad was seemingly the only topic of interest on and
offline, for more than a week. The difference is that people ‘tuned in’ at different times.
Students tuned it late at night, late-night workers picked it up in the morning and
business people watched it on a tablet on their way to work. The internet has disrupted
the television industry, but not television itself.
11. More interaction and
engagement
• YouTube was founded by three former PayPal employees in 2005,
after they saw a gap in the market for a video sharing website.
Then, in 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion
(today it is worth around $75 billion) and the site has since grown
into a media giant for entertainment.
• Some of the biggest media corporations in the world now use the
site to share their own material as part of the YouTube Partnership
program. Most entertainment and broadcast companies now have
their own YouTube channel (Sky News, BBC News, NBC News,
CNN) Companies are now recognising the power of the website and
just how much of an impact it has had on not only the
entertainment industry, but the media industry as a whole.
The majority of the content however comes from individuals (prosumers), who
make videos on the site for a job, with their channel being their primary
source of income.
12. More people get their
entertainment online
• YouTube now has over a billion users, with people watching
hundreds of millions of hours of videos on the site every day.
YouTube and even YouTube mobile alone, now reaches more 18-49
year olds than any cable network in the United States of America.
• The rise of the YouTuber has forced the rest of the media industry
to view YouTubers as legitimate content creators and entertainers,
recognising their popularity and acknowledging them in
mainstream entertainment.
• YouTube is particularly popular as it caters to the current interests
of most people. The general public are becoming increasingly
interested in other, more relatable people. The average person is
now turning off from traditional celebrities and turning toward
more ‘normal’ celebrities, such as Zoella.
• Online entertainment is quicker, easier and more accessible, suiting
the needs of the average modern day person more than traditional
entertainment. Many in the industry are now focusing on online
entertainment exclusively, they are creating content purely for an
online audience, not for television.
13. In summary
• There is no denying that YouTube has become a legitimate
source of entertainment for millions. YouTube is now
competing with some of the biggest television programmes
and often, it wins in terms of views.
• Ads are tailored to people based on their watching habits,
meaning it’s a better medium for advertisers who want to
advertise effectively, ensuring the right people see their
advertisements.
• Social media and the YouTube comments section allows
consumers to feedback directly to the creators, there is
more commentary.
• People can watch anytime. Viewers are in control of their
entertainment and can watch it from anywhere, there are
no more schedules. If you miss a show you are able to watch
it on catch up.
