This document provides a summary of fundamentals of criminal investigation. It contains 74 multiple choice questions covering topics such as evidence collection, crime scene investigation procedures, sketching, photography, interrogation, and arson investigation. The questions assess knowledge of key concepts and terminology used in criminal investigations.

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
Prepared By:
Mr. Kier Gabriel Tampos
RCrim, BS.Crim, BS.Ed.(u), MA.Ed, MS.Crim., CSP, CST, CSMS, CII, CBIDA
POLICE INSTRUCTOR II-PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SAFETY COLLEGE (PPSC)
NATIONAL POLICE TRAINING INSTITUTE (NPTI)
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)
1. DNA is also known as?
A. Focal Point of life C. Genetic Fingerprinting
B. Cyanoacrylate D. Probe of life
2. Anything that is real has substance and helps to establish the
facts of the case_____.
A. direct evidence C. corroborative evidence
B. circumstantial evidence D. physical evidence
3. Which among the following data concerning photographs as evidence
is LEAST essential?
A. proof of ownership of camera
B. data and hour when each photograph was taken
C. focal length of the lens
D. identification of the police photographer
4. Which came last in the conduct of criminal investigation?
A. crime scene search and crime sketch
B. removal of the victim’s body
C. photographs, fingerprint left and other evidence taken
D. notes properly taken and witness identified
5. Each person handling an item of evidence from the time of discovery
until presentation in court must take certain safeguards. What is
the total process called?
A. integrity of evidence C. standard of comparison
B. physical disposition D. chain of custody
6. What kind of photograph is carried on clockwise until at least four
general view photographs have been taken?
A. none of these C. over- all
B. articles of evidence D. environmental
7. Evidence to be presented in court must be presented in the same
substantial condition, as it at the time the crime was committed.
Thus, protection must be made from_______.
A. accidental alteration C. all of these
B. natural alteration D. intentional alteration
8. After completion of the crime scene search, what is that effort
made by the investigator to determine from appearance of the place
and its objects, what actually occurred and what were the
circumstances of the crime?
A. crime reconstruction C. all of these
B. crime scene stripping D. crime sketch
9. When an investigator finds a tool at the crime scene, he should
first of all_________.

2. A. pick it up for closer examination taking care not to jar
it
B. compare the cutting edge of the tool with the
impressions to determine if this was the tool used in
the crime
C. immediately collect it and always send it to the crime
laboratory for scientific examination
d. wait until the crime scene has been sketched or
photographed and measurements taken before he collects
the evidence
10. In surveillance at night, what equipment do you use if the area is
unlighted?
A. telescope and extra large magnifiers
B. giant binoculars
C. snooperscope
D. camera with telephoto lens
11. What could be the best camera position in taking photographs
showing a view of what a witness might have seen?
A. at 6 feet distance from the cameraman
B. overhead
C. parallel to the subject or witness
D. at eye level
12. In crime scene investigation, who determines its entry/ exit?
A. the prober C. SOCO
B. the chief D. sleuth
13. In surveillance, which among the following determines the
character of the shadower?
A. subject C. blending area
B. object D. association
14. A method of collection of information wherein the investigator
tails or follows the person or vehicle.
A. research C. casing
B. undercover D. surveillance
15. In crime against person, the first duty of a peace officer is to
determine if the victim is still alive because his primary
function is to protect property and_______.
A. gasoline C. government funds
B. the public D. life
16. In collecting semen on an object, use a tube and transfer it to:
A. cotton cloth C. paper pocket
B. container D. glass kit
17. Crime scene protection and preservation is the sole obligation of
the officers who first arrived in the scene, is it correct?
A. yes C. no
B. sometimes D. it depends
18. What is that means of identifying physical evidence in which the
investigator inscribe initial, date and time directly?
A. marking C. labeling
B. tagging D. none of these
19. In introducing physical evidence at a trial, three important
factors must be considered: First, the evidence must be material

3. and relevant, second, the article must be properly identified and
______.
A. it must be part of the modus operandi
B. there must be a knowledge of laboratory procedures
C. the object must have been use in the commission of the
crime
D. the chain of custody must be proceed
20. In what order would the steps be done by the investigator upon the
finding of an evidential cigarette butt?
1. making sketch
2. photographing
3. recording
A. 2,1 & 3 C. 2,3 & 1
B. 3,2 & 1 D. 1,2 & 3
21. Police Inspector Madonna prepared a rough sketch of a homicide
scene and is now at his district. At this point it is most
important that _______.
A. the proper scale be used
B. a high grade of paper and ink are used
C. no changes be made on the sketch
D. this sketch be refined and improved
22. In the course of investigating the house where stabbing took
place, police find what to be blood stains on the front door.
Since the unknown perpetrator and the victim who may die were both
cut their identities need to be established through the blood
stains. How will the police collect the stains?
A. moisten a piece of clean cotton with a saline solution
and rub gently
B. remove the door and submit it to crime lab.
C. scrap the stain into white paper using a clean razor
blade
D. blot the stain with a clean tissue soaked in alcohol
23. The primary reason a finished sketch is made from a rough sketch
is for _____.
A. scale and proportion C. future use
B. accuracy and clarity D. court room
24. The majority of mistakes committed relative to evidence take
place:
1. during period of transportation
2. in the collection of samples
3. a contaminated sampling
4. the wrong type material
A. 1 and 2 C. 2 and 4
B. 3 and 4 D. 2 and 3
25. How can plaster cast and photograph be marked for identification?
A. affixing a seal on the front
B. marking at the back
C no mark at all
D. tagging
26. An element of sketch which explains the symbols used to identify
objects is called:

4. A. title C. essential element
B. scale and proportion D. legend
27. A laboratory test to determine whether a blood sample is of animal
or human origin.
A. precipitin test C. rigor mortis
B. res gestae D. post mortem lividity
28. What is an area or place where the crime was actually perpetrated
and most of pieces evidence will be found?
A. initial crime scene C. secondary
B. primary crime scene D. outdoor scene
29. What is that of physical evidence which linked the suspect to
crime scene or offense?
A. associative C. tracing evidence
B. circumstantial D. corpus delicti
30. The best photograph of a bullet to be used for presentation would
be where the object photograph is ___________.
A. indicated by chalk marks
B. untouched
C. delineated by arrows
D. in approximately enlarged
31. Which object as mentioned below requires individual photographs?
A. any clue to the perpetrators identity
B. identifying marks
C. tools or weapons used
D. wounds of the victim
32. Which method is considered appropriate in crime scene search
involving big space or area?
A. perpendicular C. double strip
B. quadrant zone D. circular wheel type
33. Which among the following is the primary source of evidence?
A. victim C. crime scene
B. suspect D. none of these
34. Which of the following drawing is made primarily for courtroom
presentation?
A. rough sketch C. all of these
B. rough draft D. finished sketch
35. A standard arrow to designate the north must be indicated to
facilitate proper orientation is:
A. map C. compass direction
B. wind whirl D. barometer
36. Evidence that will prove the existence of a fact that specific
loss or injury was sustained as a result of the crime.
A. Corpus delicti C. Tracing
B. Associative D. Mens rea
37. Which method of search is a modification of strip search method
where the rectangle is traverse to the base and then parallel to a
side?
A. strip method C. zone method
B. spiral method D. grid method

5. 38. Among the elements of sketching, which one must be started
accurately?
A. compass direction C. title
B. legend D. measurement
39. Which sketch gives a picture of the scene of the crime and its
environs, including such items as neighboring buildings and roads
leading to the location?
A. sketch of details C. sketch of the ground
B. sketch of locality D. exploded view
40. In order to have a successful interrogation, one of the most
important factors to consider is:
A. subject’s emotion C. knowledge of all facts
B. cooperation D. privacy
41. The police investigator must be able to recognize the valuable
physical evidence and determine its significance to the offense.
For him to be competent, he must possess which among the following
characteristics?
A. knowledge of the law of evidence
B. ability to identify modus operandi
C. all of these
D. knowledge of substantive law relating to the offense
42. There are three tools of the police investigator: Information,
interrogation and instrumentation. Of these three, information is
deemed the most important simply because it answers the
question_______.
A. “what is malicious” C. “was a weapon used”
B. “why did it happen” D. “who did it”
43. PO1 Cruz is preparing a rough sketch of a homicide scene. What
should be given merit and importance?
A. proper scale to be used
B. high grade of paper
C. no changes
D. sketch be reprinted and improved
44. In crime scene photography, the crime photographer should be
interested only in ________.
A. taking the pictures of the relatives
B. portraying the facts of the case
C. taking the view only
D. taking good photographs
45. What is known as the graphic representation of scene of the crime
with complete measurement of the relative distances of relevant
objects and conditions obtained?
A. crime picture C. crime scene sketch
B. composite illustration D. pictorial views
46. What is best applied to a clumsy and nervous person, where the
investigator choosing propitious moments shout out pertinent
questions and appears as they are in rage?
A. pretense C. bluff
B. bolt D. jolt
47. As a basic guide to investigator, he should look upon pieces of
evidence as serving to establish _________.
A. identification of the guilty person

6. B. any of these
C. method of operation of the perpetrator
D. the corpus delicti
48. The primary reason a finished sketch is made from a rough sketch
is for _____.
A. scale and proportion C. future use
B. accuracy and clarity D. court room
49. In a crime scene physical investigation, what is the interest of
the police investigator in relation to the criminal or suspect?
A. scene reconstruction
B. extent of influence of the victim as reflected by the
physical evidence
C. pattern of actions or modus operandi
D. traces from the scene imparted on the criminal/ suspect
50. Which object as mentioned below requires individual photographs?
A. any clue to the perpetrators identity
B. identifying marks
C. tools or weapons used
D. wounds of the victim
Which among the following is an accurate way of determining the firing
distance?
A. Walkeirs test
B. Firing a series of test shots from various distances
C. The amount of concentration and powder residue or metal
traces
D. Visual observation
52. What enforcement action consists of taking a person into custody
for purpose of holding or detaining him to answer a charge of
violation before a court?
A. Traffic enforcement C. Traffic patrol
B. Traffic investigation D. Traffic arrest
53. SPO4 Cruz has prepared a rough sketch of a homicide scene and is
now at his district. At this point it is most important that
_____________.
A. the proper scale be used
B. a high grade of paper and ink be used
C. no changes be made on the sketch
D. this sketch be refined and improved
54. Where do we report collision between train and bus?
A. General investigation C. Auxiliary service
B. Traffic investigation D. Homicide division
55. Light is transferred by light rays through the method of
A. conduction C. oxidation
B. convection D. radiation
56. In the course of investigating the house where a stabbing took
place, police find what to be bloodstains on the front door. Since
the unknown perpetrator and the victim who may die were both cut
their identities need to be established through the bloodstains.
How will the police collect the stains?
A. moisten a piece of clean cotton with a saline solution
and
rub gently

7. B. remove the door and submit it to the crime lab
C. scrap the stain into white paper using a clean razor
blade
D. blot the stain with a clean tissue soaked in alcohol
57. Under what department is the Bureau of Fire Protection?
A. Department of National Defense
B. Department of Social Welfare and Development
C. Department of the Interior and Local Government
D. Department of Justice
58. What group of drugs are used medically as pain killers?
A. opiates C. shabu
B. track D. coke
59. What is the proof that one is given permission by the Land
Transportation Office (LTO) to operate a vehicle on public
highways?
A. driver’s ID C. driver’s license
B. franchise D. operator’s license
60. The source of most analgesic narcotic is _________.
A. all of these C. heroine
B. morphine D. Opium
61. What drugs produce sensations such as distortions of time, space,
sound, color and other bizarre effects?
A. opiates C. heroine
B. narcotics D. hallucinogens
62. The most common use of moving camera or motion picture by the
police is on cases involving ___________.
A. an auto theft C. potential bribes
B. drunken drivers D. a narcotic buy
63. The majority of mistakes committed relative to evidence take
place:
1. during periods of transportation
2. in the collection of samples
3. a contaminated sampling
4. the wrong type material
A. 1 and 2 C. 2 and 4
B. 3 and 4 D. 2 and 3
64. What is the purpose of cross-examination?
A. To test witness accuracy and truthfulness
B. To explain the witness answers
C. To prevent relevant facts
D. To test witness credibility
65. What is the process of raising the temperature to separate the
non- volatile from the less volatile parts and then cooling and
condensing the resulting vapor so as to produce a nearly purified
substance?
A. combustion C. evaporation
B. distillation D. condensation

8. 66. Which among the following items are to be gathered as evidence in
a crime scene of criminal abortion?
A. Syringe and catheter C. All of these
B. Prohibited drugs D. Blood on the panties
67. Which of the following areas must a police investigator consider
important as he stands to testify as witness?
A. Court procedure c. human nature
B. Rule of evidence D. Court jurisdiction
68. The primary reason a finished sketch is made from a rough sketch
is for _____________.
A. scale and proportion C. future use
B. accuracy and clarity D. courtroom presentation
69. The best photograph of a bullet to be used for presentation would
be where the object photograph is ___________.
D. indicated by chalk marks
B.untouched
C.delineated by arrows
D. in approximately enlarged
70. What is the minimum temperature at which any material gives off
vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with
air?
A. evaporating point C. boiling point
B. ignition point D. flash point
71. What is that means of identifying physical evidence in which the
investigator inscribe initial, date and time directly?
A. marking C. labeling
B. tagging D. none of these
72. Who among the following is a target subject of police
interrogation?
A. All of these C. Ready witness
B. Complainant D. Hostile witness
73. Which of the following is “prima facie” existence of arson?
A. inflammable substance found in the premises
B. simultaneous fire in more than one part of the building
C. building insurance
D. any of these
74. Fire can leapfrog across wide malls and shopping centers through
electromagnetic waves. This heat transfer is
A. conduction C. combustion
B. radiation D. convection
75. A writer deliberately tried to alter his usual writing habit from
hopes of hiding his identity. His writing is called
A. plain writing C. regular writing
B. cursive writing D. disguised writing
76. To whom do we report an accident or collision bus and person?
A. Intelligence and investigation
B. Administrative
C. General investigation
D. Traffic investigation

9. 77. What is the court process requiring a person to bring documents in
his possession to the courts?
A. summon C. subpoena
B. subpoena duces tecum D. bill of particulars
78. What kind of toxicological analysis are routinely carried out for
fire deaths?
A. Drug test
B. Body organ fluids
C. Carbon monoxide and alcohol
D. Neuro- psychiatric exam
79. Which word nearly expresses the meaning of COLLUSION?
A. decision C. connivance
B. continuation D. insinuation
80. What is the instrument used to open and close a fire hydrant?
A. hydrant key C. key board
B. fire hose D. jumper
81. How can plaster cast and photograph be marked for identification?
A. Affixing a seal on the front
B. Marking at the back
C. No mark at all
D. Tagging
82. Which of the following is the basic objective of police traffic
control?
A. prevention of traffic accidents
B. planning for safe roads
C. movement of traffic with safety
D. economized transport of goods and services
83. If fire occurs in a flow of liquefied petroleum gas storage tank
and the flow cannot be checked, the safest practice is to
A. use foam to put off the fire
B. permit the fire to burn itself
C. use fog to extinguish the fire
D. use sand to smother the flame
84. How many percent of air is needed to sustain combustion?
A. 20 C. 30
B. 10 D. 15
85. Which of the following is considered the most scientific approach
of noticing that there is loss of public funds?
A. By inspection and audit
B. By information
C. By accident
D. Disappearance of the embezzler
86. If the crime committed was homicide, search for physical evidence
will be centered on which of the following?
A. undercarriage and hood of car
B. tool marks
C. fingerprints nail and clothing
D. weapon and other types of evidence left as a result of
contact between victim and assailant

10. 87. What kind of driver is one who shows a complete disregard for
others, aggressive, impatient, demanding and thoroughly selfish in his
actions affecting other drivers?
A. vociferous C. defensive
B. egotists D. emotional
88. In hostage survival, how do we increase the odds for hostage
takers?
A. stay alert, collect and store information
B. all of these
C. control instinctive behavior and get small or non-
threatening
D. analyze route of travel and don’t volunteer information
89. What is called of that self- incriminatory statement by the
subject falling short of an acknowledgement of guilt?
A. admission C. confession
B. informant D. deposition
90. How can a wound by bomb explosion be identified?
A. All of these
B. Sharpnels all inner the body
C. Presence of powder burns in the body
D. Severe tearing of clothing
91. What is best applied to a clumsy and nervous person, where the
investigators choosing propitious moments shout out a pertinent
question and appears as though they themselves are in rage?
A. Pretense C. Bluff
B. Bolt D. Jolt
92. What is frequently being used as a disguise by bank robbers?
A. Hoods C. Sunglass
B. Hats D. Wigs
93. How should a driver approach an intersection?
A. Be at the right of way C. Be at the full stop
B. Give a signal D. Overtake other vehicles
94. Which of the following traffic concepts instructs drivers and
pedestrian when, how pedestrians move, not to move or stand ready at a
particular time?
A. Traffic direction
B. Traffic direction and control
C. None of these
D. Traffic control
95. Which of the following is a characteristic of COMPLEX EMERGENCIES?
A. Politically driven resources war
B. All of these
C. Cultures, ethics, minority groups at risk of extinction
D. High levels of violence
96. Marijuana is called damo, grass, hashish or Indian hemp. What is
called snow, C, the leaf, or dust?
A. cocaine C. heroin
B. barbiturates D. hallucinogen
97. Which among the five human senses is considered the most
objective?
A. Hearing C. Tasting

11. B. Smelling D. Seeing
98. Upon what does the amount of force used in arrest depends?
A. the severity of crime committed
B. The level of threat applied
C. Degree of resistance offered by the person being
arrested
D. The threat being posed to the public
99. In a crime of rape, its most likely place of commission cannot be
specified unless the victim or witness pinpoints the same. What is
considered critical observation to be done by the investigator?
A. evidence to prove unconsciousness of the victim
B. all of these
C. evidence to show sexual intercourse
D. look for evidence of struggle
100. Which of the following is NOT part of preliminary investigation?
A. weighing the evidence
B. securing the crime scene
C. documenting the crime scene
D. arresting the suspect