1. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Erikson's Theory
of

2. Who is Erikson??
I am Erik Salomonsen. You can
call me Erik Erikson. I like to
call myself as a
Stage theorist.People know me
as a Psychologist and
Psychoanalyst.
I conceptualised the 8 stages
of psychosocial theory along
with my wife Joan Erikson.
I am also known for my Pulitzer
winning book titled Gandhi's
Truth:On the origins of Militant
Nonviolence
"Healthy
children will
not fear life
if their
elders have
integrity
enough not
to fear
death"

3. erikson.......one man in his
time plays many parts
,his acts being seven
ages
Yes Mr.Shakespere.....
we are performing a huge
sequential play which has 8 scenes
to be acted before the curtain
drops

4. Erikson, a psychoanalyst and professor at
Harvard,produced what was to become psychology's
most popular and influential theory of human
development.His model including eight stages of
psychosocial growth replaced Freud's controversial
theory centered on psychosexual development
Each stage is influenced by
biological,psychological and social factors and was
sequential,from birth to infancy,childhood into
adulthood,middle age into,finally,old age

5. Erik Erikson's psychosocial
development theory proposes that
our personality develops through
eight stages,from infancy to old age.

6. Social experience is valuable throughout life,with each
stage recognizable by the specific conflict we encounter
between our psychological needs and the surroundindg
social environment
To become fully functional,confident
members of the society,we must
successfully complete each stage and
resolve two conflicting stage

7. When successful,we
acquire basic human
virtues and a healthy
personality.we become
well adjusted and
better prepared for
challenges later in life
Failure on the other
hand ,leads to
difficulty navigating
our future and a
profound impact on
our sense of self,our
personality. We are
left feeling
inadequate

8. c'mon let us dig deep.......

9. Infancy
(0-1year)
conflict:-
basic trust
vs
mistrust
success
leads to the
virtue:-
HOPE
Infancy is crucial
to our psychosocial
development.
Infants are
entirely reliant on
caregivers
specially on mother
for warmth, love,
stability, and
nurturing
If reliable and
predictable,
gain confidence, a
sense of security
and a feeling of
safety in the
world
If inconsistent and unreliable,
then trust will fail. infants will
fail to meet our needs, or are
detached emotionally and
may conclude in such a way
that they can't rely on adults

10. EARLY
CHILDHOOD
(1-3YEARS)
Children begin to develop a
heightened sense of personal
control and acquire feelings
of independence. Adults
normally the parents and
caregivers begin giving
children some degree of
choice,letting them perform
actions on their own.
Potty training is crucial to
learn physical control.
The resulting feeling of
security and confidence are
important for progress in
subsequent stages.
conflict:-
Autonomy
vs
Shame and doubt
virtue is
WILL
success leads to a sense of personal
power,feelings of autonomy,increased
independence and a greater sense of being
able to survive in the world
if overly critisized and controlled,or prevented from assering
themselves,children may feel unable to survive lacking in self
esteem and excessively dependent on others.Indeed a shame
over toilet accidents can impact our sense of personal control
and increase levels of doubt

11. Preschool
(3-6 years)
Initiative
Guilt
Conflict
virtue is
Purpose
vs
If successful, we
learn to feel
capable, secure,
and able to use
their initiative
If fail,we
may suffer
guilt and self
doubt and
becomes less
likely to lead
We learn to assert
ourselves and typically
begin to direct play
and social interactions.
To our parents,our
behaviour may seem
vigorous, overly
assertive and yet we
are exploring our
interpersonal skills

12. SCHOOL AGE
(6-12 years)
Teachers play an important role
in our continued growth within this
stage.Peers and social interactions
are increasingly relevant in the
development of our self esteem
and feelings of pride arise as we
successfully perform or complete
tasks
conflict
industry inferiority
Feeling of
inferiority is
significant when
bullying from
friends and peers
is experienced
virtue is
competence

13. ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE
(12-19 YEARS)
(12-19 YEARS)
(12-19 YEARS)
conflict:-
identity
vs
role-
confusion
virtue is
fidelity
"exists between the
morality learned
by the child, and
the ethics to be
developed by the
adult"-Erikson
With appropriate
encouragement and
reinforcement we
move toward
increasing
independence and a
stronger sense of
control and self
In contrary,our inability to
create a sense of identity
within society results in
confusion and a poor sense
of self.This leads to
insecurity and unsureness
of ourselves,our future and
where we fit

14. EARLY ADULTHOOD
(20-40 YEARS)
VIRTUE IS
INTIMACY
ISOLATION
VS
CONFLICT:-
WE ATTEMPT TO FORM LONGER TERM
COMMITMENTS OUTSIDE OUR
FAMILY,WITH VARYING DEGREES OF
SUCCESS
POSITIVE OUTCOMES lead to
healthy,happy relationships
that are secure and endure.The
ability to love marks the
ultimate success of stage six
when relationships are
meaningful and lasting
FAILURE whether beyond
or within our control, to
form appropriate bonds or
the avoidance of intimacy
may result in loneliness,a
sense of isolation and
depression

15. virtue of
CARE
We display our need for longevity,not necessarily
in a physical sense,but as life's continuation in
our children or long term impact we have on
others
Conflict:- Generativity vs Stagnation
Success is exemplified by
the virtue of care, the feeling
of being useful in
life,accomplishing
something, and contributing
to society.We are proud of
who we are,what we
achieved, our children and
who they have become and
the strong relationship with
our partner.
Failure is like we
feel we have had
little impact on the
world,failing to
make that dent in
the universe.If so,
we feel
unproductive,
uninvolved,
disillusioned and
disconnected from
the world which we
live

16. Old Age
(65-death)
Since 2012
Integrity
vs
Despair
C
O
N
F
L
I
C
T
virtue
WISDOM
Success is in the
belief that we have
achieved our goals
and found
happiness, leading
to the feeling of
integrity, "a sense of
coherance and
wholeness". We feel
we have achieved
much and are ready
to end with a sense
of peace.
Failure may be
experienced as
despair and regret
over things not
done, completed,
or mistakes made.
We are bitter
about the past
and present,
frightened about
coming to an end
of our life without
a sense of having
lived well.
Stage of Reflection

17. Psychosocial theory provides a broad
framework from which to view
development throughout the entire
lifespan....
but.............
The theory fails to provide the details
of what type of experiences are
necessary at each stage inorder to
successfully resolve the conflicts and
move to next stage

18. NB:-
"This theory offers a
descriptive overview of
psychosocial development
and doesnot attempt to
define the detailed
mechanisms or steps
involved "
-eRIkSOn
PREPARED BY,
LIJA MARY MATHEW