There are two types of mirrors: plane and curved. Plane mirrors form virtual, upright images of equal size to the object. Curved mirrors can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors converge parallel rays to a focal point, forming real or virtual images that can be upright or inverted and enlarged or reduced. Convex mirrors diverge rays and always form smaller, upright, virtual images. Refraction is the bending of light when passing from one medium to another, causing image formation in lenses and the eyes.
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
MIRRORS.pptx
2. MIRROR
A mirror is a smooth reflecting
surface, usually made of polished
metal or glass that has been coated
with metallic substances. There are
two types of mirrors: a plane
mirror and a curved mirror.
3. Reflection
Reflection is the bouncing off of light rays when it hits a
surface like a plane mirror. In using plane mirror, the
object distance and the image distance is equal. The
image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual
(meaning that the light rays do not actually come from
the image), upright, and of the same shape and size as
the object it is reflecting. Where as, a real image is that
image which is formed when the light rays coming from
an object actually meet each other after reflection or
refraction. A real image can be obtained on the screen.
The real image is always inverted. The common
example of real image is the image formed on the
cinema screen.
4. some important terms which you need to understand first.
Incident Ray. The ray of light approaching the mirror
represented by an arrow approaching an optical element
like mirrors.
Reflected Ray. The ray of light which leaves the mirror
and is represented by an arrow pointing away from the
mirror.
Normal Line. An imaginary line that can be drawn
perpendicular to the surface of the mirror at the point of
incidence where the ray strikes the mirror. The angle
between the incident ray and the normal line is known as
the angle of incidence. The angle between the reflected
ray and the normal is known as the angle of reflection.
6. Types of Reflection
1. Specular/ Regular
Reflection. This is a
reflection of light on
smooth surfaces such as
mirrors or a calm body of
water. An example of this
is the image of the
mountain on a calm
water.
7. Types of Reflection
2. Diffused/Irregular
Reflection. This is a
reflection of light on
rough surfaces such as
clothing, paper, wavy
water, and the asphalt
roadway. An example of
this is the image of a
mountain on a wavy
body of water
8. CURVED MIRROR or SPHERICAL MIRRORS
A curved mirror is a reflecting surface
in which its surface is a section of
sphere. There are two kinds of curved
mirrors, the concave and the convex
mirrors. A spoon is a kind of a curved
mirror with both concave and convex
surfaces.
10. Two Kinds of Spherical Mirrors:
1. The Concave Mirror - It
is a curved mirror in which
the reflective surface bulges
away from the light source.
It is called Converging
Mirror because the parallel
incident rays converge or
meet/intersect at a focal
point (F) after reflection.
It can form image that is
either virtual or real;
inverted or upright; smaller
(reduced), same size, or
bigger (enlarged) than the
size of the object.
11. 2. The Convex Mirror
It is a curved mirror in which
the reflective surface
bulges towards the light
source.
It is called Diverging Mirror
because the parallel
incident rays diverge after
reflection. When
extending the reflected
rays behind the mirror, the
rays converge at the focus
(F’) behind the mirror.
It forms image that is always
virtual, upright, and
smaller (reduced) than the
object.
12. Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors
Images formed are qualitatively described according to
its location, orientation, size and type or (LOST)
A. Location – images may fall at points identified
along the principal axis such as at the focus F, at the
center of curvature C, between F and C, between F and
pole P, or behind the center of curvature C.
B. Orientation – images may be inverted or upright.
C. Size – the relative size of the image compared to the
object may be smaller (reduced), bigger (enlarged), or
same size.
D. Type – image formed by spherical mirrors is either a
virtual image or a real image.
13. REFRACTION
Refraction is the bending of light or the
change in the direction of light when it
passes from one medium to another of
different optical density.
Refraction occurs at the boundary between
the two media as a result of the change in
the speed of light upon crossing the
boundary.
Refraction of light is responsible for the
image formation in our eyes and lenses.