Instructions to writer: this is a peer respond, please respond to Valonie and Johana with a minimum of 150 words to each peer and at least 1 academic resource to each peer. Please respond individually to each peer. Example: “Hello Ivis I enjoyed reading your post and liked the points you made. I agree with you or disagree with you”, write what works best, this was just an intro example. Must meet the following: · You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts.  · All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible I need this in APA Style. Thank you! This’s Valonie Discussion Post ↓            Orem's self-care deficit conceptual model and Abdellah's patient-centered approach to nursing theory can be used by the advanced practice nurse (APN) to provide high-quality, individualized care to their clients. These frameworks can help the advanced practice nurse consider the patient's overall capacity and ability to maintain their health and examine the areas that benefit the patient the most.             Orem's theory of self-care deficit conceptual model examines the role of nursing in helping to improve patient care when patients have deficits that affect their ability to care for themselves. The theory outlines critical concepts that affect a person's ability to care for themselves. The four main points of Orem's concept of self-care include a person's fundamental abilities that are affected by personal character traits, conditioning factors of the environment, self-care requisites of the elements required for optimal self-care, and their knowledge from theories and practicality on how to care for themselves (Yip, 2021). The main components of Orem's theory of self-care make it helpful in providing higher quality health care to clients because it individualizes the care that the practitioner provides to the needs of each patient. Providing a higher quality of care to clients includes determining their attitudes towards their health, health literacy, sociocultural beliefs, developmental stages, and availability of resources to achieve self-care. APNs diagnose, prescribe, and treat their clients according to medical theories and standards of practice, but they must also be efficient in allowing transparency between theory and practice. An example is the APN recognizing that the patient cannot follow through with the proposed care plan due to issues such as medication adherence, compliance, and following up with routine or specialist visits. The APN should communicate to the patient ways to provide available resources to the client so they can improve their participation in their care.             The patient-centered approach theory helps the APN maintain a treatment focus on the patient rather than the disease. Theorist Faye Abdellah developed the patient-centered approach theory, identifying ways of m.

1. Instructions to writer: this is a peer respond, please respond to
Valonie and Johana with a minimum of 150 words to each peer
and at least 1 academic resource to
each peer.
Please respond individually to each peer. Example: “Hello Ivis I
enjoyed reading your post and liked the points you made. I
agree with you or disagree with you”, write what works best,
this was just an intro example.
Must meet the following:
·
You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending,
refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts.
· All replies must be constructive and use literature where
possible
I need this in APA Style. Thank you!
This’s Valonie Discussion Post ↓
Orem's self-care deficit conceptual model
and Abdellah's patient-centered approach to nursing theory can
be used by the advanced practice nurse (APN) to provide high-
quality, individualized care to their clients. These frameworks
can help the advanced practice nurse consider the patient's
overall capacity and ability to maintain their health and examine
the areas that benefit the patient the most.
Orem's theory of self-care deficit conceptual model
examines the role of nursing in helping to improve patient care
when patients have deficits that affect their ability to care for

2. themselves. The theory outlines critical concepts that affect a
person's ability to care for themselves. The four main points of
Orem's concept of self-care include a person's fundamental
abilities that are affected by personal character traits,
conditioning factors of the environment, self-care requisites of
the elements required for optimal self-care, and their knowledge
from theories and practicality on how to care for themselves
(Yip, 2021). The main components of Orem's theory of self-care
make it helpful in providing higher quality health care to clients
because it individualizes the care that the practitioner provides
to the needs of each patient. Providing a higher quality of care
to clients includes determining their attitudes towards their
health, health literacy, sociocultural beliefs, developmental
stages, and availability of resources to achieve self-care. APNs
diagnose, prescribe, and treat their clients according to medical
theories and standards of practice, but they must also be
efficient in allowing transparency between theory and practice.
An example is the APN recognizing that the patient cannot
follow through with the proposed care plan due to issues such as
medication adherence, compliance, and following up with
routine or specialist visits. The APN should communicate to the
patient ways to provide available resources to the client so they
can improve their participation in their care.
The patient-centered approach theory helps the APN
maintain a treatment focus on the patient rather than the
disease. Theorist Faye Abdellah developed the patient-centered
approach theory, identifying ways of maintaining the patient's
need for physical, psychological, and social balance
(Mehraeen et al., 2020). Maintaining this balance helps to abort
potential health problems from arising or solve them early on. A
thorough interaction with the patient includes a comprehensive
assessment with good communication skills, which can help the
nurse identify social and psychological problems (Mehraeen et
al., 2020). This theory helps the APN provide a higher quality
of health care to clients by helping them get to know their
patients and their health needs better so that they can treat the

3. client and not only their diagnosis. Clinically, this may translate
into using an alternative line of treatment for a patient because
the patient may not be able to adhere to the textbook treatment
plan. For example, when prescribing antibiotics for an
uninsured patient with an infection, the practitioner should
consider not only the first-line therapy but also one that the
uninsured patient can easily afford. If the patient cannot afford
the medication, the prescription is of no use to the patient. By
helping the patient maintain a physical, psychological, and
social balance, the APN can increase the likelihood of patient
compliance, adherence, resolution of symptoms, healing, and
overall wellness for their clients.
This’s Johana Discussion Post ↓
Theories and Conceptual Models of Nursing
There are various theories and conceptual models of nursing
that can be used by advanced practice nurses (APNs). Advanced
practice nursing is supported by discipline-specific theoretical
knowledge that draws on philosophical perspectives based on an
ethical approach toward humans and their environment (Yip,
2021).
A conceptual model of nursing provides a framework for
reflection, observation, and interpretation of phenomena, and,
specifically, it provides guidelines and guidance for aspects of
clinical practice (Vieira et al., 2021). Conceptual models are
widely used by APNs during practice. A common example is
using the Wong-Baker FACES pain scaling scale. This scale is
used to determine a child’s pain by showing him multiple sad
and happy faces. Also, there is a numerical one for adults from
1-10 that I personally used every day at the emergency
department (Butts & Rich, 2015). Other types of measurements
that aid with observation in patients are physiological measures,
which include vital signs like a blood pressure reading,
laboratory levels, and input and output. However, there are
some measurements that can be self-reported, like a patient

4. reporting how many times they had a bowel movement or how
many times they felt palpitations in a 24-hour period. All of
these conceptual models can aid APNs to make an appropriate
diagnosis and to provide adequate treatment.
Environmental Theories
Environmental theories of various kinds are designed to guide
action and to bring our facts in line with our values and our
values with facts (Gray et al., 2018). The main problems faced
in environmental theories are the lack of natural resources and
population. Many believe they are caused by the
overconsumption of resources while others believe it’s due to
how large the human population has grown (Gray et al., 2018).
No matter the cause what we can all agree is that these
problems can lead to many healthcare issues. While
environmental theories are typically applied to ethics and to, the
interaction between facts and values within environmental
theories is also instructive for many healthcare decisions (Gray
et al., 2018). The way in which people understand value affects
their behavior hence why educating patients as APNs is a
necessity that can affect our environment.
Economic Theory
Economic theory is a type of theory that normally people would
not think APNs could use. However, economics is considered
both a social science and a foundational form of knowledge.
Additionally, healthcare economics has been recently developed
and it conveys the uncertainties in the incidence of disease and
the efficacy of treatments that lead to inefficient allocation of
resources. This forces non-market institutions to compensate for
these inequalities, which is something that affects all healthcare
professionals’ theories (Gray et al., 2018). The interest in
economics is human behavior in the choices and interactions
taken to overcome the problem of scarce resources with
alternative uses theory (Gray et al., 2018). Advanced practice
nurses in select fields are likely to have used clinical
applications of some of the assumptions of classical economic
theory in the form of social exchange theory (Gray et al., 2018).