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The cell 1
1. The Cell
Prepared By :
Dr.Ashraf Y. Shamia
Al-Azhar University โGaza
Dr.Haydar Abd El-Shafi Faculty of Dentistry
2. โข Anatomy at the microscopic level
(microanatomy)
โข Cells---tissues---organs---organ systems
โข 1015
cells in the human body
โข 200+ cell types in the body
3. โข All organisms are composed of one or
more cells.
โข Cells are the smallest living units of all
living organisms.
โข Cells arise only by division of a previously
existing cell.
6. โข single circular molecule of DNA in prokaryotes
โข double helix located in nucleus in eukaryotes
โ nuclear envelope (double membrane
โข Cytoplasm fills cell interior โ
โข sugars, amino acids,
โข proteins - organelles
โข Plasma membrane encloses
โข the cell โ phospholipid bilayer
7. โข Nucleus โ large membrane-enclosed
structure that contains the cellโs genetic
information.
โข Prokaryotes โ cells that do not contain
nuclei. (Bacteria)
โข Eukaryotes โ cells that contain nuclei. (All
other organisms)
8.
9. โข Most cells are relatively small because as
size increases, volume increases much
more rapidly.
โ longer diffusion time
11. โข Nuclear Envelope โ membrane that
surrounds the nucleus.
โข Chromatin โ consists of DNA wrapped
around proteins. โBall of stringโ
โข Chromosomes โ condensed string-like
structure that forms from DNA just before
the cell divides.
โข Nucleolus โ structure within the nucleus
that makes ribosome's.
15. โข Endoplasmic reticulum โ
internal membrane system
of the cell.
โ Lipids, proteins, and other
products are made here.
โ Rough ER โ has ribosomes
โ Smooth ER โ no ribosomes
22. โข Mitochondria โ organelle that converts
chemical energy stored in food into
compounds that are more convenient for
the cell to use.
โ โPowerhouse of the Cell!โ
24. โข Chloroplasts โ organelles that capture
energy from sunlight and convert it into
chemical energy. (Photosynthesis)
โ Found only in plants.
7-2
26. โข Cytoskeleton โ helps cell to maintain
shape, move, and move organelles.
โข Centrioles โ help organize cell division.
Not found in plants.
7-2
28. โข Cell membrane โ thin, flexible membrane
that surrounds the cell.
โข Cell walls โ rigid layer around the
membrane found only in bacteria, fungi
and plants.
29. โข Controls what enters/leaves cell, provides
support/protection.
โข Lipid Bilayer โ double-layered sheet of
phospholipids.
Two layers!