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1. Cross Cultural Communication

2. WHAT IS CULTURE? Edward Tylor: culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of the society The culture of Turkey combines a largely diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that are derived from the Ottoman, European, Middle Eastern and Central Asian traditions. Turkey share border with thirteen counties. Which make difficult to analyses Culture of Turkey.

4. Total Area 783,562 km2 (37th)

5. Population 72,561,312 (18th³)

6. Languages Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek

7. Currency Turkish Lira (TRL)

8. Capital city Ankara

9. GDP $932.199 billion

13. Femininity – Cultures in which the dominate social values are caring for others and the quality of life Masculinity/ Femininity MAS index is fairly medium as combined effect of European Culture and Islamic Culture

14. Worlds Avgvs Turkey http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_turkey.shtml

15. Hofstede Dimensions: http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index/

16. Trompenaars’ 7 Dimensions of Culture Particularism vs. Universalism Collectivism vs. Individualism Affective vs. Neutral Relationships Diffuse vs. Specific Relationships Ascription vs. Achievement Relationship to Time Relationship to Nature

18. Turkey continues to influence cultural life, beliefs, language, teaching, social relationships and democracy. It infiltrates all levels of society, providing guidance, values, and rules for personal life, public behavior and ways of doing business.

19. Collectivism vs. Individualism

20. The most essential social unit in Turkish culture is the family. A Turk’s personal life is dependent on and revolves around family, friends and other community groups. Trompenaars’ 7 Contd

23. Indirect communication - does not always say what is really meantTrompenaars’ 7 Contd

25. Business meetings in Turkey: A handshake is the accepted custom at the start of a business meeting. Men should wait for women to extend their hand first. Turkish dress is similar to the accepted mode of dress in Western Europe.For men - a suit, tie and white shirt. For women - a skirt of conservative length is recommended. On meeting people for the first time, it is customary to use their first name. Most business people have a good command of English. Engaging in small talk before beginning business discussions is important for establishing rapport in Turkey Turks prefer to do business with those they know and respect; therefore time spent establishing a personal relationship will be beneficial to future business dealings.

26. Acceptable gifts for business meetings are items for the office, quality pens (including pens with your company logo). On receiving an invitation to a home, luxury chocolate, a scarf for the hostess or flowers is a welcome gift. Try to avoid business meetings in the months of July and August or around the times of national holidays. (Try not to make appointments during Ramadan) Given the influence of Islam on Turkish society, daily routines, appointments and meetings must be fitted around each of the 5 daily prayer times Business meetings in Turkey: Contd..

27. Do’s Greet Seniors or most elderly first. Maintain eye contact while speaking For them it is sign of sincerity. Dress . You will be expected to wear a suit and tie. Women should avoid short skirts, low-cut blouses or shorts. Use of Islamic greeting. For example, ‘Asalamualaykum’ (peace be upon you). You would not be expected to use it but if you did you would receive the reply ‘Waalaykumsalam’ (and peace be with you). Visiting Mosque Women should wear long sleeves and a long skirt on visiting a mosque and a hat or scarf as a head covering.

29. Considered RudeDon't point with your finger at someone Show your feet while sitting Use of “SWEAR” in public

30. Basic Etiquette Don't blow your nose during meals, even discreetly. This is considered extremely rude. Don't pick your teeth during meals, even discreetly. This is considered extremely rude. Do not put your feet up while sitting and try not to show the bottom of your feet to someone. This is considered rude. Don't point with your finger at someone, even discreetly. This is considered rude. Don't chew gum while having a conversation and during public occasions. This is considered extremely rude. Don't touch someone without permission. This is considered extremely rude.

31. Don't bear hug or back slap someone, especially in formal situations and occasions and with someone you just met and/or you do not know well enough. This is considered very rude. Don't use swear words during conversation or while talking to oneself in public and also among friends. This is considered extremely rude. Public drunkenness (especially the loud and obnoxious variety) is definitely not appreciated and is frowned upon, especially in more conservative areas of the country. Certain gestures, common in the western world, are considered rude expressions in this culture. Making an ‘O’ with your thumb and forefinger (as if to say “OK!”) is rude because you are making the gesture for a hole - which has connotations referring to homosexuality in the Turkish psyche.

32. Things to avoid Politics: Turks in general have very strong nationalistic views, and would view any criticisms of their country and expressions and attitudes insulting the Turkish flag, the republic and Atatürk - the founding father of the republic as very offensive and with varying degrees of hostility. Don't mention the Armenian Genocide, Kurdish separatism and the Cyprus problem Religion: Turks are extremely proud and sensitive of their heritage and culture. Government Issues like blocking “ YouTube “. Cyprus issues.