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Cells: the basic units of life,[object Object],This show is about types of cells and cell organelles ,[object Object],and their functions.,[object Object],by Linda Moore,[object Object]
There are two types of cells in nature:,[object Object],Prokaryotic cells have no membranes around their cell parts or nuclei.,[object Object],Bacteria and some algae are prokaryotic cells. ,[object Object],Scientists consider these cells to be the ancestors of all cells.,[object Object],bacteria cells,[object Object]
Eukaryotic cells each have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane that separates the cells into two regions: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The cells parts in the cytoplasm also have membranes. We will focus on animal and plant cells.,[object Object],human cheek cells with nuclei                               onion cells with nuclei,[object Object]
Plant and animals cells have a lot in common, but there are three very important differences.,[object Object],Do you remember that plants are producers (make their own food)? ,[object Object],The cells of plant leaves and stems have many chloroplasts. The chloroplasts are filled with a green liquid called chlorophyll. ,[object Object],Chlorophyll captures sunlight to produce food for plants.,[object Object],plant cells with chloroplasts filled with chlorophyll ,[object Object]
Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. Animals are consumers not producers.,[object Object],Animals are not green!,[object Object],Another difference between animals and plant cells is that plants cells have cells walls made of cellulose. All cells have cell membranes,,[object Object], but only plant cells have cell walls!,[object Object],portion of plant cell wall made of cellulose ,[object Object]
thth,[object Object],The third big difference between plant and animals cells is that plant cells have vacuoles. The large central vacuole (above picture) stores food, water and waste. The central vacuole is like a water balloon in the center of a plant cell.,[object Object]
Now, let’s focus on the cell parts that plant and animal cells have in common. ,[object Object],All cells have cell membranes. The cell membrane controls what enters or leaves a cell. If something is too large, it cannot get through the cell membrane. The cell allows in what it wants and gets rid of what it doesn’t want.,[object Object]
The nucleus controls most of a cell’s activities. The chromosomes are in the nucleus. The chromosomes contain the instructions for cell activities.,[object Object],chromosome,[object Object],Humans have 46 chromosomes in most of the cells of our bodies.,[object Object]
Powerhouses of Cells:,[object Object],mitochondria,[object Object],Mitochondria release energy from glucose for all of the life processes of living things. ,[object Object],Why do you think muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells?,[object Object]
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ribosomes are important for making proteins and taking the proteins where they are needed.,[object Object],Proteins are very important to organisms. Muscles and enzymes are made of proteins. There are 1000s of different proteins in the bodies of living things.  ,[object Object],The tubes are the ER, and the ribosomes are the round structures attached to the ER. Ribosomes are where proteins are made. Then, they travel through the cells in the ER tubes.,[object Object]
Golgi bodies are saclike structures used for storing and packaging substances made by the cell that will be transported out of the cell.,[object Object],This picture shows the Golgi bodies, the ER with attached ribosomes.,[object Object],Did you know that Golgi bodies were first discovered in the eyeball cells of owls?,[object Object]
Last, but not least, I’ll bet you have been wondering if there is a cell part for destroying and getting rid of unwanted stuff inside a cell. ,[object Object],Well, wonder no more! ,[object Object],The lysosomes do these important jobs.,[object Object]
Here’s what an artist thought ,[object Object],plant and animal,[object Object],cells might look like:,[object Object]
I hope that you will enjoy learning about cells and their parts. ,[object Object],Remember: ,[object Object],All living things are made of cells.,[object Object],All of life’s activities are done by cells.,[object Object],All new cells come from other cells.,[object Object]
Here are some human body cells as they would appear under a microscope.,[object Object],nerve cell,[object Object],muscle cells,[object Object],white blood cells,[object Object],red blood cells,[object Object]
The End,[object Object]

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