Pharma Spotters with answers.pptx

1. I) NAME AN ALKALOID OBTAINED FROM THIS PLANT. colchicine II) GIVE THE MOST IMPORTANT INDICATION FOR ITS USE. acute gout

2. NOTE THE CUPPING OF THE OPTIC DISC- AN EARLY GLAUCOMATOUS CHANGE I) NAME ONE TOPICALLY INSTILLED DRUG USED FOR THIS. Pilocarpine: 0.5-4% Physostigmine: 0.02-1% Timolol: 0.25 – 5% II) WHAT IS THE CONCENTRATION OF THE DRUG USED?

3. I) WHAT POISONOUS ALKALOID IS OBTAINED FROM THE FUNGUS SHOWN. muscarine I) NAME THE ANTIDOTE USED FOR THIS POISONING. atropine

4. I) IDENTIFY THE PLANT SEEN HERE. Digitalis purpurae /digitalis lanata /fox glove II) WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OBTAINED FROM THIS PLANT. Digoxin /digitoxin

5. I) NAME AN ALKALOID OBTAINED FROM THIS PLANT. reserpine II) GIVE ONE COMMON USE OF THE ALKALOID. antihypertensive

6. THIS PICTURE SHOWS THE GUMS OF A PATIENT WHO WAS ON A PARTICULAR DRUG ORALLY FOR SIX MONTHS I) IDENTIFY THE DRUG. Diphenyl hydantoin (phenytoin) II) CAN THIS DRUG BE GIVEN IV? IF SO, FOR WHAT PURPOSE? Yes, status epilepticus

7. THIS IS AN X-RAY OF THE TOE OF A PATIENT WITH ACUTE GOUT (I) WHAT DRUG WOULD YOU RECOMMEND? colchicine, any NSAID (II) WHAT IS ITS MOST IMPORTANT SIDE EFFECT? diarrhoea, GI upset

8. I) DRUG B BLOCKS THE EFFECT OF TRANSMITTER ‘A’. WHAT COULD DRUG ‘B’ BE? atropine and its substitutes II) WHAT ANTIDOTE CAN REVERSE THIS BLOCK? • Anticholinesterase agents e.g.. Physostigmine Transmitter A B

9. • MENTION TWO DIURETICS ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’. furosemide, bumetanide, torasemide and ethacrynic acid A

10. I) MENTION ONE DIURETIC ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’. thiazide II) MENTION ONE NON DIURETIC USE OF THE DRUG. antihypertensive/diabetes insipidus A

11. NOTE HYPOCHROMIC MICROCYTIC BLOOD PICTURE- IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA I) NAME AN ORAL PREPARATION USED FOR TREATMENT. Ferrous sulphate/ferrous fumarate II) NAME A PARENTERAL PREPARATION USED FOR TREATMENT. Iron dextran/ferrous sucrose/iron sorbitol-citrate

12. NOTE MACROCYTES, POIKILOCYTES, CELL FRAGMENTS AND EXTREME ANISOCYTOSIS- PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA. I) WHAT DOSE OF VIT B12 IS USED IN TREATMENT? 100-1000 micro grams II) BY WHAT ROUTE IS IT GIVEN? IM /parenteral

13. NOTE THE POIKILOCYTES & IRREGULARLY CONTRACTED RED CELLS- HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA • NAME TWO DRUGS THAT CAN PRODUCE THIS ADVERSE EFFECT. • Primaquine /paracetamol /phenacetine /sulpha /sulphones

14. • NAME TWO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS ACTING AT SITE ‘A’. • Centrally acting antihypertensive • Eg. Clonidine, methyldopa, reserpine A

15. NAME TWO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS ACTING AT SITE ‘D’. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings e.g.. Methyl dopa / guanethidine / reserpine D

16. • I) WHAT ANTIHYPERTENSIVE • DRUG ACTS AT SITE ‘E’? • Beta blockers e.g.. propranolol • II) GIVE ONE SPECIAL • ADVANTAGE OF THE DRUG. • does not affect renin /no postural hypotension E

17. • I) NAME ONE • ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT • ACTING AT SITE ‘B’. • Nitroprusside/diazoxide • II) WHAT TYPE OF HYPERTENSION • IS IT USED AND BY WHAT • ROUTE IS IT ADMINISTERED? • Hypertensive crisis(emergencies) , iv B

18. • NAME TWO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS WHICH CAN BE ADMINISTERED BY TWO DIFFERENT ROUTES ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’. • Iv route. Eg. Trimethaphan, pentolinium tartarate • Oral route. Eg. Pempidine / mecamylamine / pentolinium tartarate A

19. • NAME ONE ANTIASTHMATIC DRUG EACH ACTING AT THE SITES INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’ AND ‘B’. A) sympathomimetics e.g.. Isoprenaline/ salbutamol/ terbutaline. B) aminophylline / Theophylline

20. PHOTOGRAPH A & B TAKEN BEFORE & AFTER GIVING A DRUG IV TO A MYASTHENIC. I) NAME THE DRUG USED. edrophonium, short acting II) WHAT IS THE SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE DRUG USED?

21. NOTE THE TRANSDERMAL DISC I) NAME A DRUG GIVEN BY THE DEVICE SHOWN scopolamine II) MENTION THE INDICATION FOR ITS USE motion sickness

22. I) NAME A DRUG ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’. (DNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE) rifampicin, tuberculosis and leprosy II) WHAT IS ITS MOST IMPORTANT THERAPEUTIC USE? A

23. • NAME TWO ANTIFUNGALAGENTS ACTING AT SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’ amphotericin b and nystatin A

24. I) NAME ONE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’. polymyxin and colistin (polymyxin B) II) WHAT IS ITS IMPORTANT THERAPEUTIC INDICATION? Pseudomonas infection A

25. • NAME TWO ANTIBIOTICS HAVING DIFFERENT CHEMICAL STRUCTURE ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’. amino glycosides e.g.. streptomycin and any tetracycline A 50s 30s

26. • NAME TWO DRUGS STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT, ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’ any macrolide antibiotic e.g.. Erythromycin, chloramphenicol A 50s 30s

27. I) NAME AN ANTITUBERCULAR DRUG ACTING AT THE SITE MARKED BY ARROW ‘A’. streptomycin II) WHAT IS ITS MOST IMPORTANT TOXIC EFFECT? Ototoxicity(vestibular) , nephrotoxicity A 50s 30s

28. I) NAME AN URINARY ANTISEPTIC DRUG ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’. nalidixic acid II) AGAINST WHAT ORGANISM IS IT SPECIFICALLY USED? Proteus 50s 30s DNA A

29. THE DRUGS ACTING AT STEPS ‘A’ & ‘B’ARE SYNERGISTIC • NAME THE COMPONENTS OF SUCH A SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION USED IN MALARIA. • Sulphadoxine/sulphone • pyrimethamine PABA DHFA THFA DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE FOLATE SYNTHATASE A B

30. I) NAME TWO DRUGS WITH DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC USE ACTING AT STEP ‘A’. Sulpha/sulphone/PAS (Para-amino salicylic acid) (sulfamethoxazole, Sulphadoxine) II) NAME TWO DRUGS WITH DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC USE ACTING AT STEP ‘B’. Pyrimethamine/ chloroguanide/ trimethoprim/methotrexate PABA DHFA THFA DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE FOLATE SYNTHATASE A B

31. THE DRUGS ACTING AT STEPS ‘A’ & ‘B’ARE SYNERGISTIC. • WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF SUCH A SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION USED IN BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. sulfamethoxazole: 400mg or 800mg trimethoprim: 80mg or 160mg PABA DHFA THFA DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE FOLATE SYNTHATASE A B

32. I) WHICH ANTIBIOTIC HAS THIS CHEMICAL STRUCTURE? Penicillin II) NAME THE RING ‘A . Beta Lactam ring III) NAME THE RING ‘B’. Thiazolidine A B

33. THIS IS THE STRUCTURE OFA COMMONLY USED ANTBIOTIC I) NAME THE ENZYMES ACTING AT ‘A’AND ‘B’AND THE END PRODUCTS. A) Betalactamase or penicillinase ->penicilloic acid B) amidase ->6-aminopenicilloic acid A B

34. I) MENTION THE CLASS OF DRUGS HAVING THE GIVEN STRUCTURE. TETRACYCLINE II) MENTION ONE DRUG BELONGING TO THE ABOVE CLASS WHICH CAN BE SAFELY USED IN RENAL FAILURE. DOXYCYCLINE

35. I) WHAT GROUP OF DRUGS CAN PRODUCE THIS EFFECT? STEROIDS/ CORTICOSTEROIDS/ GLUCOCORTICOIDS II) NAME ONE LONG ACTING PREPARATION OF THIS GROUP. DEXAMETHASONE/ BETAMETHASONE

36. NOTE THE EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE • NAME THE TWO MOST COMMONLY USED ANTITHYROID AGENTS GIVEN PRIOR TO SURGERY. • PROPYLTHIOURACIL/ CARBIMAZOLE/ METHIMAZOLE • POTASSIUM IODIDE/ LUGOL’S IODIDE

37. NOTE THE ULCER CRATER I) WHAT DRUG CAN BE USED TO PROMOTE HEALING. CARBENOXOLONE / Sucralfate II) NAME Any OTHER DRUG USED FOR THIS CONDITION. ANY ANTACID/ H2 BLOCKER / ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENT

38. NOTE THE AMOEBIC ABSCESS IN THE LIVER I) MENTION ONE DRUG USED FOR THE ABOVE CONDITION METRONIDAZOLE/ EMETINE/ CHLOROQUINE II) WHAT DRUG SHOULD BE USED IN THE FOLLOW UP TREATMENT? • DILOXANIDE FUROATE

39. THE DIAGRAM REPRESENTS INTESTINAL & HEPATIC AMOEBIC LESIONS I) GIVE THE DRUG OF CHOICE ACTING AT BOTH THE SITES. METRONIDAZOLE/ EMETINE II) WHAT IS ITS MOST COMMON SIDE EFFECT? METALLIC TASTE AND CARDIOTOXICITY LIVER LARGE BOWEL AMOEBIC LESIONS LYMPH NODES AMOEBIC LESIONS

40. I) WHICH DRUG WOULD HAVE PRODUCED THIS SIDE EFFECT? Thalidomide II) GIVE ONE INDICATION FOR ITS USE IN THERAPY. Lepra reaction

41. THIS PATIENT HAS LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY I) WHAT IS THE DURATION OF TREATMENT WITH DAPSONE? Paucibacillary – 6months multibacillary -1 yr II) WHAT DRUG WOULD BE IDEAL TO REDUCE INFECTIVITY? Rifampin

42. NOTE THE SCABITIC LESIONS NAME THE TWO MOST COMMONLY USED AGENTS FOR THIS DISEASE AND THE CONCENTRATION IN WHICH IT IS USED. • Benzyl benzoate 25% • gamma benzene hexachloride 1% • sulphur ointment 10%

43. NOTE THE RINGWORM INFESTATION • NAME TWO DRUGS USED FOR THIS DISEASE. • Griseofulvin/ Whitfield’s ointment • Tolnaftate/ Miconazole/ undecylenic acid

44. THIS IS A TRACHOMATOUS EYE • NAME THE TWO SYNERGISTIC CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS USED FOR TREATMENT OF THIS CONDITION. • Sulfacetamide and tetracycline

45. • MENTION ONE VERMICIDAL AND ONE VERMIFUGAL AGENT USED AGAINST INFESTATION WITH THIS WORM. • Niclosamide and mepacrine

46. NOTE THE ROUND WORMS IN THE INTESTINE. • MENTION ONE DRUG USEFUL FOR THIS CONDITION WITH DOSE • Mebendazole-100mg BID/3days or • Levamisole-150mg single dose OR • Piperazine citrate – 75mg/kg up to 3.5gm for 1or 2 days OR • Thiabendazole – 25mg/kg up to 3gm BID/2days OR • Bephenium naphthoate – 5gm single dose in the morning in empty stomach • Pyrantel pamoate – 1gm

47. NOTE THE HOOK WORMS IN THE INTESTINE • MENTION TWO DRUGS USEFUL FOR THIS CONDITION. • Mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate/ bephenium/ thiabendazole/ levamizole

48. • MENTION THE NAMES OF TWO THERAPEUTICALLY USED ALKALOIDS FROM THIS PLANT WITH ONE USE FOR EACH • Ergometrine- postpartum hemorrhage and Ergotoxin- migraine

49. I) IDENTIFY THE PLANT. Rye with Claviceps purpurea II) MENTION THE NAMES OF TWO THERAPEUTICALLY USED ALKALOIDS OBTAINED FROM IT. • Ergometrine and Ergotoxin

50. • NAME TWO DRUGS WITH DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC USE THAT CAN PRODUCE THE SIDE EFFECT. • Anticancer drugs and heparin

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