Dill plant review

1. 12/8/2022 1

2. Practice School (BP706PS)
DOMAIN-11
ADVANCED HERBAL TECHNOLOGY
Study On Pharmacognostical And
Biological Properties Of dill plant
(Anethum Graveolans)
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3. A review article by :
Pawbake Krushna Bhimashankar
Final year
B.Pharmacy
(PRN No. 1952811823053)
Guided By-
Kalyani Dhawale Mam
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4. Study on
Pharmacognostical and
Biological properties of
Dill plant(Anethum Graveolens)
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5. Index
• Introduction
• Identification of plant
• Authentication of plant
• Physiochemical Evaluation of drug
• Isolation Technique
• Biological Activities
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6. Herbal Technology
• The technology used to add value to the plant product is called as herbal
technology.
• Eg .herbal drug and pharmaceutical
• Nutraceutical
• Cosmeceutical
• Biopesticides
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7. Dill (Anethum graveolens)
• Anethum graveolens, commonly called
dill, Anethum sowa, also called Indian Dill,
American Dill and European Dill.
• The Anethum is a Greek word that originates from
aneeton which means strong-smelling.
• It is used in ayurvedic medicines since ancient
times and it is a popular herb widely used as a
spice and also yields essential oil. It is an aromatic
and annual herb. The Ayurvedic uses of dill seeds
are carminative, stomachic and
diuretic,antidiabetic.
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8. Synonyms
Dill fruits, Anethum, European Dill.
Biological Source
Dill consists of dried ripe fruits of Anethum graveolens Linn. Family
Umbelliferae. It contains not less than 2.5 per cent of volatile oil.
Geographical Source
Anthem is indigenous to South Europe and cultivated in England, Germany,
Mediterranean countries.
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9. Cultivation and Collection
The cultivation of the drug is done by sowing the fruits. It needs sandy loam
soil, devoid of gravels, with slightly acidic nature. It is a cold weather crop
and is grown during Rabi season. Its sowing is done in October and the crop
is harvested in March/April. The umbels are collected after full maturity, dried
thoroughly and shaken to separate the fruits. Fruits are sieved, excess of
foreign organic matter is removed and then packed into the bags.
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10. Classification
• Kingdom-Plantae
• Division-Magnoliophyta
• Class – Magnoliopsida
• Order -Apiales
• Family –Apiaceae
• Genus-Anethum
• Species -Anethum graveolens
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11. MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS-
Each mericarp has four vittae on the dorsal
surface and two on the commissural. The outer
epidermis has a striated cuticle and the
mesocarp contain lignified reticulate
parenchyma. The endosperm is much flattened
but otherwise resembles that of caraway.
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12. MACROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS-
Seed dark brown, often stalk attached broadly oval and
compressed dorsally mericarp usually separate and free
4mm long 2-3 mm broad and Imm thick Glabrous
traversed from the base to apex by 5 lighter coloured
primary brown fill form and n conspicuous 21 eteral
prolonged in to thin yellowish membranous wings odour
faintly aromatic resembling that of carawon and warm
slight sharp tere akin to caraway.
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13. Phytochemical Constituents –
Phytochemical analysis of dill plant revealed the presence of alkaloid,
carbohydrate, resin, terpenoids, flavonosides. Saponin, steroid, tannin,
flavanoid and absence of reducing sugar, glycosides, anthraquinone,
phlobatanins.
• Physiochemical constituents: Dill oil contained various saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids such as lauric (1.29%). Stearic acids (0.9-3.86%),
capric (5.97%), myristic (0.08 0.25%). Palmitic (2.31-4.66%), olcaic (36.38-
53.87%). Linolenic (0.26-0.4%), linolcic (5.8-45.13%), palmitoleic (0.2%),
cicosenoic (0.04%) and arachidoic acids (0.1-1.32%)
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14. The essential oil can be extracted from various parts of plants
including the leaves, flowers and seeds however; the yield of the
essential oil varies among different parts of the same plant.
The yield of essential oil from fruits, aerial parts and roots of the
dill plant were 2.0, 0.3 and 0.06% (v/w), respectively, whereas
that of the hairy root cultures was only 0.02% (v/w) Similarly
among aerial parts viz. Leaves, flower and seed essential oil
varied in its content.
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Essential oil Content

15. PHYSIOCHEMICAL EVALUTION OF THE DRUG:
1.pH
2.LOSS ON DRYING
3.TOTAL ASH
4. ACID INSOLUBLE ASH
5.WATER INSOLUBLE ASH
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16. pH-
The pH value of an aqueous liquid
may be defined as “the common logarithm of the
reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration
expressed in gram per litre.
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17. Determination of Loss on Drying
(LOD) :
2 gm drug in evaporating dish
Then dried at 105◦C for 5 hrs
and weighed. Repeate the same process two
more times and weighing at 30 minutes an
calculated by using the formula.
Moisture content = Average value X 100/
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18. Determination of total ash-
2g of air dried crude drug was taken a crucible and heated
at temperature not exceeding 4500C.
• Then it was cooled in desicators and weighed.
• The percentage of total ash was calculated withreference to
air dried drugs.
• Total Ash = avg X 100/ Wt. Of sample taken
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19. Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash:
The total ash obtained as mentioned in the above procedure was boiled
with 25 ml of HCL for 5 min and filtered the insoluble matter was collected
in an ash less filter paper, washed with hot water until the filtrate is neutral.
Then the filter paper containing the insoluble matter was dried, transferred
to crucible and ignited to constant weight, and then the residue was cooled
in desiccators for 30 min and weighed.
Acid insoluble ash = avg X 100/ Wt. of drug sample
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20. Determination of Water Insoluble Ash:
• The total ash obtained as mentioned in the above
procedure was boiled with 25 ml of water for 5 min;
the insoluble matter was collected in an ash less filter
paper, washed with hot water until the filtrate is
neutral. Then the filter paper containing the insoluble
matter was dried, transferred to crucible and ignited to
constant weight, and then the residue was cooled in
desiccators for 30 min and weighed
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21. General Isolation Technique
• Maceration. This is a very simple extraction method with the
disadvantage of long extraction time and low extraction efficiency.
• Percolation.
• Decoction.
• Reflux extraction.
• Soxhlet extraction
• Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)
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22. Biological Activities of Dill Plant-
• Dill plant possess promising
antibacterial, antifungal,
antioxidant, insecticidal, anti-
inflammatory, antidiabetic,
antispasmodic, hypolipidemic
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23. Antimicrobial activity
• Dill oil was strongly effective against
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli
• Moderately effective against
Salmonella typhimurium
• Weakly effective against Aspergillus
niger
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24. Antifungal activity
• Dill seed essential oil was tested
for antifungal activity against A.
Flavus, A. Oryzae, A. Niger and
Alternaria alternata (in vitro) by
poisoned food technique
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25. Labour pain
• Anethum graveolens seed affect the pattern of uterine
contraction and shorten the fall time although feedback
mechanism is not known.
• Dill seed consumption, due its contents and combination such
as limonene and tannin increases the contraction of uterus and
causes better progress of delivery process.
• But Dill seed can start menstruation and that might lead to a
miscarriage so not recommended to pregnant women.
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26. Postmenopausal female-
• Postmenopausal women are at a risk of
developing diseases like osteoporosis,
cardiovascular diseases and cancer along
with their mortality rate and burden of their
management and side effects have turned
attention of all medical sciences to a safe,
cheap and effective alternative.
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27. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic
effects:
• The hydro alcoholic extract of
the seed caused significant
decrease in the inflammation
and pain in rats.
• This oil showed even more
decrease in the paw volume
compared to the diclofenac.
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28. Conclusion
• Dill is used for medicinal purpose.
• The essential oil of dill have many properties.
• As dill plant have anti-inflammatory and analgesic
effect,we are trying to formulate safe ,cheap and
effective alternative for diclofenac.
• As it is useful in postmenopausal effects of
female,we can also formulate roll on which contain
herbal extract of dill seed .
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29. Reference
• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/anethum-graveolens/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249919/
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-
biological-sciences/anethum-graveolens
• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/Plant
FinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=275980&isprofile=0&letter=
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221732794_Aneth
um_graveolens_An_Indian_traditional_medicinal_herb_and
_spice
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30. • Herbal Drug Technology, Aarati R. Supekar,PCI Syllabus –
Technical publication first edition : aug 2021
• Quality Control and standardisation of herbals,thakur
publication,Dr.Dilip kumar jena,dr.pankaj pradhan
• Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry volume 1,fourth
edition ,vinod D.rangari page no.331,332,333
.
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31. THANK YOU
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