SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 90
Baixar para ler offline
A CLINICAL STUDY ON PALITYA W.S.R. TO
PREMATURE GRAYING OF HAIR AND ITS
MANAGEMENT WITH NIMBABEEJA TAILA NASYA
AND BHRUNGARAJADI RASAYANA
INTRODUCTION
 Palitya is derived from the word palita, which means kasha
paka.
Heefueleb kesÀMem³e MegkeÌuelee e
(Yo.ratra. 61/1)
 Graying of hair or whitening of hair is termed as palita.
 Acharya Charaka described in trimarmiya adhyaya, Acharya
Vagbhata & Sarangadhara described in sirokapalagata roga
and Acharya sushruta, Madhavakara, Yogaratnakara,
Bhavaprakasha described under Kshudraroga adhikara.
Definition
lespees DeefveueeOew: men kesÀMeYetefceb
oOJeeDeeMeg kegÀ³ee&led Keueefle vejm³e e
efkeÀeeq®®ebleg oiOJee Heeefueleeefve
kegÀ³e&eoefjÒeYelJevJeb ®e efMejes©neCeeced
ee (ch. chi. 26/132)
 Means the body heat joined with vata etc. burns the hair ground
shortly and thus causes baldness if the burning is slightly producers
whiteness for greying of hair
Nidana
MeeskeÀÞece¬eÀesOekeÀ=le: Meefjjes<cee
efMejesiele: e
kesÀMeeved meoes<e: He®eefle Heeefueleb
mecYeJel³ele: (Ast.hru. Uttarasthana 23/29)
 It means heat of the body reaching the head due to grief,
Physical exertion & anger, vitiating the doshas make the hairs
grey ,Palitya is thus produced.
Lakshana
leÜeleelmHegÀefìleb M³eeJeb Kejb ©#eb peueÒeYeced
e
efHelleelmeoenb HeerleeYeb, keÀHeÀeled eqmveiOeb
efJeJeÉef×celed ee
mLetueb megMegkeÌueb, meJezmleg
The sign and symptoms are
 Sphutita
 Shyaba
 Khara
 Ruksha
 Jalaprabha
 Daha
 Pittabha
 Snigdha
 Vivrudhasthula
 Sukla
 Ayurveda accounts for two types of palitya
i.e. Akalaja (premature grey hair)
Kalaja (senile grey hair)
 Palitya i.e premature graying of hair is a burning cosmetic issue in
present era.
 When graying begins before the usual age of onset, it is termed as
premature graying of hair.
 The onset and progression of graying correlate very closely with
chronological aging and occur in varying degrees in all indivisuals
eventually, regardless of gender or race.
INCIDENCE & PREVALANCE
 Palitya is common in young age between 20-30 years age group.
Even in children also the incidences are increasing day by day.
 Hair is said to have grayed prematurely if it occurs before the age of
20 years in whites, before 25 years in Asians and before 30 years in
Africans.
 The prevalence of premature greying of hair is found to be 1.2%
 The prevalence was higher among female as compared to male.
NEED OF THE STUDY
 Premature greying aids to embracement & social stigma. Current
treatment available are not much satisfactory to cure, check or
prevent this problem.
 Treatment of Palitya as mentioned in Ayurveda includes sodhana
& samanachikitsa. Hence, aiming to derive a new treatment
modality for Palitya (Premature greying of hair) this research has
been proposed.
 So in order to obtain an safe and cost effective remedy this
problem has been selected
PREVIOUS RESEARCH WORK DONE:-
1. Evaluation of Bhrungarajatailanasya with and without
Bhrungarajadirasayana in the management of Akala Palitya a
comparative study by Dr. Lokanath J Avadhani, Rajiv Gandhi University
of Health Science, Bengaluru 2011-12
2. Clinical management of Akala Palityam(Gray hair) with
Triphaladilepam with and without Nimbabeejataila Nasyam by Dr.
Lavudya Kamala Kumari, N.T.R. University of Health Science,
B.R.K.R.GOVT. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Erragadda, Hyderabad
2005
3. Study of Khalitya&Palitya with special emphasis on etiopathogenesis
by Dr. Vishakha D Pathak, Tilak Maharastra University, Pune.
4. A clinical study to assess the efficacy of pratimarshanasya in
prevention of Akala Palitya W.S.R. to premature greying of
hair by Dr. Sagar Sharma, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health
Sciences, Karnataka.
Sri Jagadguru Gavisiddheswar Ayurvedic Medical College &
Hospital, P.G. studies & Research centre, Gavinath Campus,
Koppal, Karnataka (2013-14)
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
AIM -
 A clinical study on palitya w.s.r to Premature greying of hair
and its management with nimbabeeja taila nasya and
bhrungarajadi rasayana.
OBJECTIVE -
 Review of literature of the disease both for ancient and modern
point of view and research of the drug.
 To evaluate the efficacy of nimbabeeja taila & bhrungarajadi
rasayana in the management of Palitya.
 To evaluate the efficacy of Nimbabeeja taila nasya in the
management of palitya
HYPOTHESIS
 It is presumed that Nimababeeja taila & bhrungarajadi rasayana
described by Bhaisajyaratnavali can effectively control the clinical
symptoms of palitya .
(Ref- Nimababeej ataila– Bhaisajya Ratnavali, Kshudraroga 60/80
Bhrungarajadirasayana-BhaisajyaRatnavali, Rasanayanadhikara73/28-
29)
PURPOSE OF MEDICINE USE –
 The need has already been felt to develop certain ayurvedic
treatment for the better management of palitya which could be safe,
effective, cost-effective readily available and without any side effect.
So, keeping all the fact in mind I have taken this formulation
Nimbabeeja taila and Bhrungarajadi rasayana.
MATERIAL AND METHODS-
 DRUG REVIEW
 The raw drugs will be purchased from local market .
 The trial drug Nimbabeeja taila and Bhrungarajadi rasayana
will prepared in G.A.M,PURI pharmacy attached to Dept. of
R.S.B.K .
Nimbabeejataila
efvecyem³e
efyepeeefveefnYeeefJeleeefve
Ye=²mlelees ³esve leLeeçmevem³e e
lewuevleg les<eebefJeeflenefvle
vem³eeod
ogiOeecyegYeesÊegÀ:
Heefuelebmecgeuecedee (Bha.Ra-60/80-
Cakradatta)
 Ingredient
 Nimbabeeja
 Asana
 Bhrungaraja
Bhavana Dravya 1-1 Day
Bhrungarajadi rasayana
Í}MCeerke=Àleb Ye=²jpem³e ®egCe&b
efleueeOe&kebÀ ®eeeceuekeÀe×&keÀáe
meMeke&Àjb Ye#e³elees ieg[wJee&
velem³e jesieevepejevece=l³eg: ~~28~~
DevOe: HeM³esodiecevejefnlees celleceele²ieeceer
cetkeÀesJeeiceerÞeæJeCejefnleesotjMeyoevegmeejer
veer©*dcel³eex
YeJeefleHeefueleesveeruepeercetuekesÀMees
peerCe&e ovl³ee: HegvejefHeveJee:
#eerjieewjeYeJeefvle ~~29~~ (Bha.Ra 73/28-29
Cakradatha)
Ingredient
 Bhrungaraj Chruna - 1PART
 Krushna Tila Chruna -1/2 PART
 Amalaki Churna -1/2 PART
 Anupana: Sarkara or Guda
 DOSAGE- 5gm b.i.d
 Duration: 3 months
 Follow up in every 1 month
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA-
 Inclusion criteria
 Patients having features of Akala Palitya.
 Patients to age group of 20-30years
 Patients yogya for nasya and rasayana.
 Exclusion criteria
 Patients with age below 20 years and above 30 years
 Patients ayogya for nasya and rasayana.
 Infection diseases of scalp like Alopecia areata.
 Akala Palitya associated with the diseases of pigmentation like vitiligo,
leprosy and Albinism.
 Any other systemic diseases.
 Subjects with hormonal diseases and hereditary disorders.
PLAN OF PROTOCOL
 Plan of study
 Comparative clinical trial study will be undertaken to co-relate the clinical effect of
the trial drug.
 In the present study 60 clinically diagnosed patient of either sex of palitya are
selected from OPD/IPD of G.A.M. & Hospital Puri.
 A regular record of assessment of all the patient will be maintained according to the
format prepared for the purpose.
Group- A -30 Patients will be treated with both nimbabeeja taila nasya and
Bhrungarajadi rasayana internally.
Goup-B-30 patients will be treated with nimbabeeja taila nasya
Types of study –clinical study
STUDY DESIGN-
 SINGLE GROUP DESIGN-
BT = Before treatment
AT= After treatment
DOUBLE GROUP DESIGN-
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
 Assessment will be made by assessment scale availing
subjective parameters & objective parameters.
Objective Parameters
 Sphutita (absent or present)
 Khara (absent or present)
 Ruksha (absent or present)
 Sukla (absent or present)
Hair Count
 A new scoring system (Graying severity score, GSS) was devised
to evaluate the external of graying taking into account five
representative sites from the scalp by two independent
investigation and analysed for agreement GSS ranged from 0 to
15 that was further graded as mild, moderate and severe.
 5zones- Frontal, vertex, right, left, occipital
 A 1cm2 area was washed with a skin marker and the hair
within this square was cropped to approximately 1mm
above scalp surface. These five squares were then
photographical and projected on the computer screen to
count the numbers of white and black hair.
 Based on the hair count, a score was assigned to each zone a/c to
the percentage of grey hair in each square. This was calculated and
scored as
 Score-1-- 10% grey hair/cm2
 Score-2 -- 10%-30% gray hair/cm2
 Score-3-- more than 30% gray hair/cm2
 The GSS was finally calculated for each patient by taking a sum of
the scores a the five represent sites. Thus the maximum attainable
score for a patient was 15 (3X5)
 The objective scores were further graded as;
 Mild (a score of 0-5)
 Moderate (Score of 6-10)
 Severe (Score of 11-15)
INVESTIGATION:-
D.C
T.L.C
E.S.R
Haemoglobin
F.B.S
P.P.B.S
T3,T4,TSH
Vitamine-B12, D
PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH WORK
 The whole research work will be presented in the form of
binding thesis with suitable language by the following parts
and chapters.
 Part-1
 Introduction
 Review of Literature
a) Ayurvedic Review of disease
b) Modern Review of disease
 Part-2
 Clinical Study
a) Materials and methods
b) Drug Review
c) Observation and Statistical evaluation
 Part-3
 Discussion
 Summery and Conclusion
 Part-4
 Reference
 Bibliography
 Appendix
 REFERENCE
 Acharya Charaka – Chikitsa sthana – Trimarmiyaadhyaya (26 chapter)
 Acharya Shushruta – Nidanasthana – Kshudraroga adhyaya (13 chapter)
 Acharya Vagvatta – Uttarasthana – siroroga vigyana (23 chapter)
 Acharya Vagvatta – Uttarasthana – siroroga pratisetha (24 chapter)
 Acharya Madhavakara – Nidana sthana – Kshudraroga Adhyaya (55 chapter)
 Acharya Sarangadhara – Purva khanda – Sirakalagataroga (7th chapter)
 Bhaisajya Ratnavali – Kshudraroga adhihara (60 no. chapter)
 Bhavaprahasha – Kshudraroga adhikara (61 no. chapter)
 Yogaratnahara – Kshudraroga adhihara (40 no. chapter)
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
 It has been hope that present study will bring out a new
standard, effective and successful treatment for Palitya.
PALITYA
pejmee kesÀMeeoew
MeewkeÀue³eced e
DecejkeÀes<e
 Palitya means change of colour in hair or graying of hairs
 At the age old, hair turned to be white in colour.
 Palitya is a disease of rasadhatu drusti janya roga which is
described by acharya caraka and sushruta
INTRODUCTION
KESHA SWARUPA
keÀsMee: Meer<ex cegKes MceÞeg ves$es
He#ce Ye¦Jeew celeew e
leveew jesceeefCe pee³evless keÀjHeeoleues
efJevee e (meejbieOej)
Human body contains hair follicles in all area except palm & sole. It
is termed as different way in different area.
 Sirsa – Kesa
 Mukha – Smasru
 Netra – Pakhma, Bhru
 Rest of the body – Roma
KESHA UTPATI
 According to Maharsi Caraka:- Kesha and Roma is the mala of Asthidhatu.
 According to Maharsi Sarangadhar :- Kesha is the upadhatu of majjadhatu.
Roma is the mala of Asthidhatu.
 During Ahara poshana karna, Ahara rasa is processed by jatharagni and
dhatwagni to convert in to 2 part : (1) Prasada bhaga
(2) Kitta bhaga
 During asthidhatwagni vyapara, the poshakamshas which nurish asthidhatu are
converted into 2 parts, its kittabhaga is processed by the action of malagni to
produce kasha.
NIDANA
 ¬eÀesOeMeeskeÀÞeceke=Àle: Meefjjes<cee
efMejeWiele: e
 efHeÊeb ®e kesÀMeeved He®eefle Heefueleb
lesve pee³eles ee
(su.ni 13/36) Ma. Ni. 55/32)
 It means heat of the body reaching the head due to anger, grief
and physical exertion, vitiating the local pitta makes the hairs
grey, palitya is thus produced.
¬eÀesOeMeeskeÀ Þeceke=Àle:Mejerjes<cee
efMejesiele: e
EfHeÊeáe kesÀMeeveHe®eefle Heeefueleb
lesve pee³eles ee (61/1)
Mejerjes<cee - osneeqive: efHeÊeáe
SkeÀ : ÒekegÀefHelees oes<e FlejeJeeefHe
keÀesHe³esod e
Fefle Je®eveeÜeleefHeÊeeY³eeb Mues<ceeb ®e
keÀesefHele:, me SJe kesÀMeeveeb MeewkeÀu³eb
keÀjesefle e SJeb $e³eesçefHe oes<ee:
Heeefuelem³e nsleJe:– kesÀMem³e MegkeÌuelee ee
(1) (61/1)
 Increase of vayu especially due to excess of soka and shrama, at the same time
the pitta is being increased due to krodha in its ushma guna.
 This provoked pitta circulates through out the body through rasayani (srota) by
the virtue of vikshepana guna of provoked vata to incease the sharira ushma.
 This saririka ushma reaches to shira and vitiates sthanika vata and shlesma karya.
 This tridoshas vitiated and graying of hair causes manifestation of palitya.
 On the basis of samprapti, pitta prakopaka nidana (Ref. Su. Su. 21/21),
Rasadrushti (Ref. ca. su. 28/10) & (su. Su. 24/10) and asthidrusti (ca. ci. 15/18-
Pitta Prakopaka Nidana
Aharaja nidana
¬eÀesOeMeeskeÀ
Ye³ee³eemeesHeJeemeefJeoiOecew
LegveesHeieceve keÀìdJecueueJeCe
Leer#Ce G<Ce ueIegefJeoeefn
efleuelewue
efHeC³eekeÀkegÀuelLeme<e&Heel
e .....
 Excess use of pungent (katu)
Sour (Amla)
Salt (Lavana)
 Tila Taila, pinyaka, kullatha, sarsapa, Atasi, haritasaka
 Godha, matsya, Aja, Abi Mamsa
 Dadhi, Takra, Kurchika, Mastu, Soubiraka, Suavikara
 Amla phala, Katbara
 Excess intake of Lavana & Kshara (ca. viman 1/ (17-18)
Manasika nidana
 Krodha
 Shoka
Viharaja nidana
 Ayasa
 Upabasa
 Maithuna
 Shrama
ppt.pptx
SAMPRATI GHATAKA
 Doshas :- Pitta-Bhrajakapitta, vata, kapha.
 Dushya :- Rasa, asthi dhatu.
 Agni :- Jatharagni, Dhatwagni.
 Srota :- Rasavaha, Asthivaka.
 Srotadrusti :- Sanga, Vimargagamana.
 Udhava Sthana :- Amasaya.
 Vyadhi adhisthana :- Keshabhumi.
 Roga marga :- Bahya roga marga.
 Sadhya asadyata :- Ekdoshaja sadhya, samipataja
asadhyaya.
TYPES OF PALITYA
According to According to According to
Vagvatta :- sarangadhara :- Yogaratnakar :-
1. Vataja (i) Kalajanita (i) vataja
2. Pittaja (ii) Akalajanita (ii) pittaja
3. Kaphaja (iii) kaphaja
4. Sananipatika (iv) sannipatika
5. Sirarujadbhaba
LAKSHANA
leÜeleelmHegÀefìleb M³eeJeb Kejb ©#eb
upeueHe^Yeced e
efHeÊeelmeoenb HeerleeYeb, keÀHeÀeled
eqmveiOeb efJeotef×celed ee
mLegueb megMegkeÌueb, meJezmleg
efJeÐee³eeefceÞeue#eCeced e
MesMes©pees×gJeb ®e Dev³eefÂJeCe&
mHeÀMe&vehemence ee Ast.hrs. Uttasthana 23/30-
31.
JeeeflekeÀ efJe<eceb ©#eb Heerleb
ppt.pptx
SADHYASADHYATA
 Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja - Sadhya
 Sannipatika : Asadhya
 Sirarujadbhaba : Asadhya
CHIKITSA SUTRA
Keueleew Heeefueles Jeu³eeb nefjuueeseqcve ®e MesefOeleced e
vem³e JekeÀ$eefMejesçY³e²Òeosnw: mecegHee®ejsle ee (Ast.hru.
Uttarasthana 24/33)
Keueleew Heeefueles Jeu³eeb nefjuueeseqcve ®e
MeerefOeleced e
vem³eswmleswuew:
MeerjesJe¬eÀÒeuesHesw½eeH³egHee®ejsle e (ca.ci.26/262-
263)
 Treatment :- Sodhana
Nasya
Premature greying of Hair
 Hair is said to greying prematurly only if greying occurs before the age of
20 years in whites , before 25 years in Asians and before 30 years in
Africans.
 According to W.H.O incidence of premature greying of hair is common in
age group of 20-30 years
SKIN
HAIR
 Hair is a filamentous biomaterial that grows from follicles found
in the dermis.
 Hair follicle :- the part beneath the skin.
 Hair bulb :- the part when hair is pulled from the skin.
 Hair follicle is located in the dermis and maintains stem cells
responsible for regrowth of hair and skin
 Hair follicle & Hair bulb
Hair shaft :-
 the hard filamentous part that extends above skin surface.
Hair shaft
ppt.pptx
 Hair growth begins inside hair follicle.
 Other structures :- sabeceous gland & arrector pili muscles
(Responsible for hair errection, goose bumps)
Types of hair
HAIR CYCLE
 From the time it is formed each hair follicle undergoes a
repetitive sequence of growth and rest known as the hair cycle.
ppt.pptx
HAIR PIGMENTATION
 Hair pigmentation is a process, in which there is a precise
interaction in the hair follicle unit between follicular
melanocytes, keratinocytes and dermal papilla fibroblasts.
MELANIN :-
 The colour of human hair is due to pigment melanin
produced by melanocytes.
 Melanin is produced through a multistage chemical process
known as melanogenesis where the oxidation of amino acid
tyrosine is followed by polymerization.
ppt.pptx
Function
 Protect underlying structure from the harmful
effects of sunlight.
 Influence the colour of epidermis.
The synthesis of melanin reaction is catalyzed by the
tyrosinase, Tyrosine is found in only one specialized
type of cell, the melanocyte, and in this cell melanin
is found membrane-bound bodies called
melanosomes.
HAIR COLOUR BIOCHEMISTRY
NORMAL HAIR FOLLICULAR MELANIN
UNIT AND MELANOGENESIS
 Each melanocyte is associated with five keratinocytes in the
hair bulb forming a hair follicle-melanin unit.
 Melanogenesis in the hair is closely associated with stages of the
hair cycle.
 Follicular menocytes are derived from immature melanoblasts
that migrate from the neural crest into the skin during
embryogenesis.
 As the hair follicle develops, the progeny of melanoblasts which
proliferate in the epidermis, known as transient – amplifying
melanocytes, leave that compartment and move into the
developing hair follicle.
MELANOGENESIS :-
 The colour of human hair depend melanogenesis, through a
process of synthesis of melanin and its subsequent distribution
from the melanocyte to keratinocyte.
 There, menalocytes may become or remain DOPA-oxidase-positive
cells (i.e. express active tyrosinase) or remain DOPA-oxidase-
negative cells (i.e. either fail to express tyrosinase or express on
inactive tyrosinase) depending on the intrafollicular compartment
in which they reside.
 Melanocytes in the hair bulb retract their melanocyte and shut
down melanogenesis towards the end of anagen.
 Simultaneously there is a decline in the activity on three main
melanogenic enzymes :-
Tyrosinase, gp 75 and dopa chrome tautomerase
 This occurs a few days before the cessation of keratinocyte proliferation resulting
in the pigment free proximal ends of shed telogen hair.
 During catagen, hair apoptosis occurs and quiescent hair follicle much smaller size
is left telogen.
 Melanogenic activity restarts during early anagen with the reconstruction of the
follicular melanin unit.
 Tyrosinase activity becomes apparent during anagen III, pigment transfer from
hairbulb melanocytes to cortical keratinocytes is initiated during anagen IV and
active melanogenesis continues throughout anagen V and VI, ceasing with the
onset of catagen.
 Melanocytes are presents in two compartment of the hair follicules in the anagen
hair bulb where they transfer pigment to cells that will form the hair cortex, and in
the outer root sheath
 Grey hair follicles lack melanocytes in the hair bulb while retaining those in the
outer root sheath.
 Hair bulb melanocytes are probably recruited from the outer root sheath
melanocytes population at the onset of anagen.
 Migration and activation of these melanocytes is possibly under
unknown local signaling mechanisms like a – melanocyte stimulating
hormone ( - MSH) modulation of failure of which may result in
graying.
 The hair bulb matrix is the principle site for the fully differentiated
follicular menalocyte subpopulation, these melanocytes are
distributed, in particular, within the matrix above and around the
upperdermalpapilla.
 They transfer their melanin granules to keratinocytes of the hair
cortex and less so to the medulla and very rarely to the hair cuticle.
 Under stimulation from radiation or cytokines, the outer root sheath
melanocytes may be stimulated to migrate and differentiate to
naturally repigment graying hair follicles.
Causes of premature graying of hair
1. Nutritional deficiencies (B12, D, C)
2. Mental worries.
3. Unhygienic condition of scalp.
4. Heredity.
5. Genetics.
6. Stress (emotional & physical)
7. Hormonal imbalance.
8. Immune system irregularities.
9. Thyroid disorders.
10. Cosmetics.
11. Radiation or chemo therapy.
12. Drug.
13. Pollution.
14. Disease :-pernicious anemia
15. Autoimmune disorder.
16. Iron, copper, iodine – deficiency.
17. Smoking.
Histopathology of greying of Hair
 A line across the widest part of the bulb of the hair follicle divides it into
two regions.
Two region
I. A lower region of undifferentiated cells.
II. An upper region in which the cells become differentiated to form the
innersheath and the haBelow the critical level known as the line of Auber lie
the matrix or the germination center of the follicle, where every cell is
mitotically active and the dermal papilla.
 The pigmentary unit is is a pear-shaped black structure at the tip of the dermal
papilla above the Auber’s line in pigmented hair where individual melanocytes
cannot be distinguished.
 Only unpigmented and undifferentiated putative melanocyte stem cells, but not
pigmented differentiated melanocytes, are normally found in the hair bulb
below the line of Auber.
 In gray hair, the pigmentary unit becomes fuzzy melanocytes are few and
rounded and lightly pigmented oligodendritric melanocytes become
detectable in the proximal hair bulb below Auber’s line.
 The resultant pigment loss in graying hair follicle due to a marked reduction
in melanogenically active melanocytes in the hair bulb of grey anagen hair
follicles is central to the pathogenesis of graying.
 Defective melanosomal transfer to the cortical keratinocytes or melanin
incontinence due to melanocyte degenation is also believed to contribute to
graying.
 There is autophagolysosomal degradation of melanosomes within the
melanocytes itself and is usually followed by the degeneration of the
melanocyte.
 Eventually, no melanogenic melanocytes remain in the hair bulb.
 True gray hair show reduced DOPA reaction (indicator of tyrosinase activity)
while white hair bulbs are negative for the same.
ppt.pptx
Neurotransmitters
 Neurotransmitters is a chemical substance that act as the
mediator for the transmission of nerve impulse from one
neuron to another neuron.
 Depending upon their chemical nature.
3 types
1. Amino acids – involved in fast synaptic transmission,
inhibitory and excitatory in action
2. Amine – involved in slow synaptic transmission, inhibitory and
excitatory in action.
3. Others
Adrenal medularry hormones are the amine derived from catechol
and these hormones are called catecholamine.
3 catecholamine are secreted by medulla.
1) Adrenaline or epinephrine
2) Noradrenalin or nor epinephrine
3) Dopamine.
Hormones of Adrenal medulla
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
 Thyroid Hormones – leading to premature graying
 Both T4 & T3 – iodine containing derivatives of amino acid tyrosine.
 Iodine & tyrosine – are essential for the formation of thyroid hormones.
 Each thyroglobulin molecules contains 140 mollecules of amino acid tyrosine.
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
Genetics
 Mainly 2 genes are responsible for graying hair i.e Bcl2 & Bcl-w.
 Stem cells at the base of hair follicles produce melanocytes –
there are the cells that produce and store pigment in hair and
skin, the death of melanocyte stem cells causes the onset of
hair graying.
D3 deficiency leading to premature greying of hair
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
Mode of action of Nasya :
Ayurvedic
 According to Acharya Charaka & Vagvatta Nasa is the portal (gateway) of
shiras.
“Nasa Hi shiraso dwaram”
 According to Astanga Sangraha the drug administered through nostrils,
reachers shringataka by Nasasrota and spreads in the murdha (Brain) taking
route of Netra (eye), shrotra (ear), kantha (throat), Siramukhas (opening of
the vessels) etc.
 Scrapes the morbid doshas in supraclavicular region and extract them from
the uttamanga.
 Maharsi Sushruta has explained sringataka marma as a sira marma formed by
the union of siras (blood vessels) supplying to nose, ear, eye and tongue.
The pharmacodynamics of Nasyakarmacan be explained in light of
modern anatomical and physiological studies as follows
1.Vascular pathway
 The nasal tissue is highly vascularized making it an attractive
site for rapid and efficient systemic absorption. Rich vascular plexus
permits topically administered drugs to rapidly achieve effective
blood levels while avoiding intravenous catheters. Vascular path
transportation is possible through the pooling of nasal venous blood
into the facial vein which occurs naturally. The facial vein has no
valves. It communicates freely with the intracranial
circulation.It communicates through pterygoidplexus with the
cavernous venous sinus
Modern View
2.Neurological pathway
 Olfactory nerve is chemoreceptor in nature. It is known that through olfactory
pathway this nerve is connected with limbic system and hypothalamus which
are having control over endocrine secretions.10Moreover, hypothalamus is
considered to be responsible for ntegrating the functions of the endocrine
system and the nervous system. Electrical stimulation of hypothalamus in
animals is capable of inducing secretions in the anterior pituitary. So the drugs
administratedhere stimulate the higher centers ofbrain which shows action on
regulation of endocrine and nervous system functions.
3.Diffusion through nasal mucosa
 In the absorption of drug from the nasal cavity first step is passage through the
mucus. Large and charged particles may find it more difficult to cross. But
small and uncharged particles easily pass through this layer. Mechanisms
for absorption of drug through the nasal mucosa include 1. Paracellular
route is the first mechanism which isan aqueous route of transport. This is slow
and passive route. 2. Transcellular process is the second mechanism of
transport through a lipoidal route and is responsible for the transport of
lipophilic drugs that show a rate dependency on their lipophilicity. Drugs
also cross cell membranes by an active transport route via carrier mediated
means or transport through the opening of tight junctions
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptx

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Semelhante a ppt.pptx

PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical ApprPUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical ApprTakishaPeck109
 
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr.docx
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr.docxPUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr.docx
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr.docxwoodruffeloisa
 
EFFICACY OF HYPERICUM 30 IN MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL.pptx
EFFICACY OF HYPERICUM 30 IN MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL.pptxEFFICACY OF HYPERICUM 30 IN MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL.pptx
EFFICACY OF HYPERICUM 30 IN MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL.pptxDrswetha Bp
 
Cerebral Palsy in Ayurveda #Panchkarma In Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy in Ayurveda #Panchkarma In Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy in Ayurveda #Panchkarma In Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy in Ayurveda #Panchkarma In Cerebral PalsyDr. Vijay Kumar Pathak
 
Action of shatavari in Hypertensive Retinopathy(HR):Acase study
Action of shatavari in Hypertensive Retinopathy(HR):Acase studyAction of shatavari in Hypertensive Retinopathy(HR):Acase study
Action of shatavari in Hypertensive Retinopathy(HR):Acase studyPanchajanya Kumar
 
PREMATURE GREYING OF HAIRS
PREMATURE GREYING OF HAIRSPREMATURE GREYING OF HAIRS
PREMATURE GREYING OF HAIRSDrSagar Sharma
 
A Comparative Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Trayodashanga Guggu...
A Comparative Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Trayodashanga Guggu...A Comparative Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Trayodashanga Guggu...
A Comparative Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Trayodashanga Guggu...Dr. Laiphrakpam Renu .
 
Ayurvrda Fundamentals And Basic Principals
Ayurvrda Fundamentals And Basic PrincipalsAyurvrda Fundamentals And Basic Principals
Ayurvrda Fundamentals And Basic PrincipalsDr. Desh Bandhu Bajpai
 
Prof. M. S. Bhagel Ayurvedic Research – need of paradigm shift.ppt
Prof. M. S. Bhagel Ayurvedic Research – need of paradigm shift.pptProf. M. S. Bhagel Ayurvedic Research – need of paradigm shift.ppt
Prof. M. S. Bhagel Ayurvedic Research – need of paradigm shift.pptPriyankaSharma89719
 
Comparison of safety and effectiveness between atypical and Typical antipsych...
Comparison of safety and effectiveness between atypical and Typical antipsych...Comparison of safety and effectiveness between atypical and Typical antipsych...
Comparison of safety and effectiveness between atypical and Typical antipsych...Goutham Kondeti
 
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Koshataki Ksharasutr...
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Koshataki Ksharasutr...A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Koshataki Ksharasutr...
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Koshataki Ksharasutr...ijtsrd
 
Clinical Trial Research In Ayurveda
Clinical Trial Research In AyurvedaClinical Trial Research In Ayurveda
Clinical Trial Research In AyurvedaTusharJ7
 
dr. primananda alfidiya ikhsan - jurnal.pptx
dr. primananda alfidiya ikhsan - jurnal.pptxdr. primananda alfidiya ikhsan - jurnal.pptx
dr. primananda alfidiya ikhsan - jurnal.pptxamwalbedah92
 
Ayurvedic Research.pptx
Ayurvedic Research.pptxAyurvedic Research.pptx
Ayurvedic Research.pptxssuser36861c
 
The 2012 AHS/AAN Guidelines for Prevention of Episodic Migraine: A Summary an...
The 2012 AHS/AAN Guidelines for Prevention of Episodic Migraine: A Summary an...The 2012 AHS/AAN Guidelines for Prevention of Episodic Migraine: A Summary an...
The 2012 AHS/AAN Guidelines for Prevention of Episodic Migraine: A Summary an...Utai Sukviwatsirikul
 

Semelhante a ppt.pptx (20)

Dr.shruti synopsis
Dr.shruti synopsisDr.shruti synopsis
Dr.shruti synopsis
 
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical ApprPUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr
 
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr.docx
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr.docxPUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr.docx
PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assignment- 3 Critical Appr.docx
 
EFFICACY OF HYPERICUM 30 IN MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL.pptx
EFFICACY OF HYPERICUM 30 IN MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL.pptxEFFICACY OF HYPERICUM 30 IN MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL.pptx
EFFICACY OF HYPERICUM 30 IN MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL.pptx
 
Cerebral Palsy in Ayurveda #Panchkarma In Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy in Ayurveda #Panchkarma In Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy in Ayurveda #Panchkarma In Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy in Ayurveda #Panchkarma In Cerebral Palsy
 
Presentation phd
Presentation phdPresentation phd
Presentation phd
 
Action of shatavari in Hypertensive Retinopathy(HR):Acase study
Action of shatavari in Hypertensive Retinopathy(HR):Acase studyAction of shatavari in Hypertensive Retinopathy(HR):Acase study
Action of shatavari in Hypertensive Retinopathy(HR):Acase study
 
GJO.MS.ID.555594
GJO.MS.ID.555594GJO.MS.ID.555594
GJO.MS.ID.555594
 
PREMATURE GREYING OF HAIRS
PREMATURE GREYING OF HAIRSPREMATURE GREYING OF HAIRS
PREMATURE GREYING OF HAIRS
 
Research types ksr
Research types ksrResearch types ksr
Research types ksr
 
A Comparative Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Trayodashanga Guggu...
A Comparative Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Trayodashanga Guggu...A Comparative Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Trayodashanga Guggu...
A Comparative Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Trayodashanga Guggu...
 
Ayurvrda Fundamentals And Basic Principals
Ayurvrda Fundamentals And Basic PrincipalsAyurvrda Fundamentals And Basic Principals
Ayurvrda Fundamentals And Basic Principals
 
Prof. M. S. Bhagel Ayurvedic Research – need of paradigm shift.ppt
Prof. M. S. Bhagel Ayurvedic Research – need of paradigm shift.pptProf. M. S. Bhagel Ayurvedic Research – need of paradigm shift.ppt
Prof. M. S. Bhagel Ayurvedic Research – need of paradigm shift.ppt
 
Comparison of safety and effectiveness between atypical and Typical antipsych...
Comparison of safety and effectiveness between atypical and Typical antipsych...Comparison of safety and effectiveness between atypical and Typical antipsych...
Comparison of safety and effectiveness between atypical and Typical antipsych...
 
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Koshataki Ksharasutr...
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Koshataki Ksharasutr...A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Koshataki Ksharasutr...
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Koshataki Ksharasutr...
 
Clinical Trial Research In Ayurveda
Clinical Trial Research In AyurvedaClinical Trial Research In Ayurveda
Clinical Trial Research In Ayurveda
 
dr. primananda alfidiya ikhsan - jurnal.pptx
dr. primananda alfidiya ikhsan - jurnal.pptxdr. primananda alfidiya ikhsan - jurnal.pptx
dr. primananda alfidiya ikhsan - jurnal.pptx
 
Ayurvedic Research.pptx
Ayurvedic Research.pptxAyurvedic Research.pptx
Ayurvedic Research.pptx
 
The 2012 AHS/AAN Guidelines for Prevention of Episodic Migraine: A Summary an...
The 2012 AHS/AAN Guidelines for Prevention of Episodic Migraine: A Summary an...The 2012 AHS/AAN Guidelines for Prevention of Episodic Migraine: A Summary an...
The 2012 AHS/AAN Guidelines for Prevention of Episodic Migraine: A Summary an...
 
Ahs aan migraine guidelines 2012
Ahs aan migraine guidelines 2012 Ahs aan migraine guidelines 2012
Ahs aan migraine guidelines 2012
 

Mais de Krishna2017

New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxKrishna2017
 
4-ICMR-presentation_NHM_Indore.pptx
4-ICMR-presentation_NHM_Indore.pptx4-ICMR-presentation_NHM_Indore.pptx
4-ICMR-presentation_NHM_Indore.pptxKrishna2017
 
subhasmita (3).docx
subhasmita (3).docxsubhasmita (3).docx
subhasmita (3).docxKrishna2017
 
PPT BLACK PAGE.pptx
PPT BLACK PAGE.pptxPPT BLACK PAGE.pptx
PPT BLACK PAGE.pptxKrishna2017
 
NEP 2020 NEW.pptx
NEP 2020 NEW.pptxNEP 2020 NEW.pptx
NEP 2020 NEW.pptxKrishna2017
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxKrishna2017
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxKrishna2017
 
human right.pptx
human right.pptxhuman right.pptx
human right.pptxKrishna2017
 
alliance university ppt.pptx
alliance university ppt.pptxalliance university ppt.pptx
alliance university ppt.pptxKrishna2017
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2) ppt.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2) ppt.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2) ppt.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2) ppt.pptxKrishna2017
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxKrishna2017
 
PHOTOPERIODISM.pptx
PHOTOPERIODISM.pptxPHOTOPERIODISM.pptx
PHOTOPERIODISM.pptxKrishna2017
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxKrishna2017
 

Mais de Krishna2017 (20)

New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
 
akbar.docx
akbar.docxakbar.docx
akbar.docx
 
Sunburn.docx
Sunburn.docxSunburn.docx
Sunburn.docx
 
tttt.pptx
tttt.pptxtttt.pptx
tttt.pptx
 
4-ICMR-presentation_NHM_Indore.pptx
4-ICMR-presentation_NHM_Indore.pptx4-ICMR-presentation_NHM_Indore.pptx
4-ICMR-presentation_NHM_Indore.pptx
 
subhasmita (3).docx
subhasmita (3).docxsubhasmita (3).docx
subhasmita (3).docx
 
ppt001.pptx
ppt001.pptxppt001.pptx
ppt001.pptx
 
PPT BLACK PAGE.pptx
PPT BLACK PAGE.pptxPPT BLACK PAGE.pptx
PPT BLACK PAGE.pptx
 
PPPT0005.pptx
PPPT0005.pptxPPPT0005.pptx
PPPT0005.pptx
 
nEPPP2020.pptx
nEPPP2020.pptxnEPPP2020.pptx
nEPPP2020.pptx
 
NEP 2020 NEW.pptx
NEP 2020 NEW.pptxNEP 2020 NEW.pptx
NEP 2020 NEW.pptx
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
 
human right.pptx
human right.pptxhuman right.pptx
human right.pptx
 
alliance university ppt.pptx
alliance university ppt.pptxalliance university ppt.pptx
alliance university ppt.pptx
 
ppt.pptx
ppt.pptxppt.pptx
ppt.pptx
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2) ppt.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2) ppt.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2) ppt.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2) ppt.pptx
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
 
PHOTOPERIODISM.pptx
PHOTOPERIODISM.pptxPHOTOPERIODISM.pptx
PHOTOPERIODISM.pptx
 
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxNew Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
 

Último

5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 

Último (20)

5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 

ppt.pptx

  • 1. A CLINICAL STUDY ON PALITYA W.S.R. TO PREMATURE GRAYING OF HAIR AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH NIMBABEEJA TAILA NASYA AND BHRUNGARAJADI RASAYANA
  • 2. INTRODUCTION  Palitya is derived from the word palita, which means kasha paka. Heefueleb kesÀMem³e MegkeÌuelee e (Yo.ratra. 61/1)  Graying of hair or whitening of hair is termed as palita.  Acharya Charaka described in trimarmiya adhyaya, Acharya Vagbhata & Sarangadhara described in sirokapalagata roga and Acharya sushruta, Madhavakara, Yogaratnakara, Bhavaprakasha described under Kshudraroga adhikara.
  • 3. Definition lespees DeefveueeOew: men kesÀMeYetefceb oOJeeDeeMeg kegÀ³ee&led Keueefle vejm³e e efkeÀeeq®®ebleg oiOJee Heeefueleeefve kegÀ³e&eoefjÒeYelJevJeb ®e efMejes©neCeeced ee (ch. chi. 26/132)  Means the body heat joined with vata etc. burns the hair ground shortly and thus causes baldness if the burning is slightly producers whiteness for greying of hair
  • 4. Nidana MeeskeÀÞece¬eÀesOekeÀ=le: Meefjjes<cee efMejesiele: e kesÀMeeved meoes<e: He®eefle Heeefueleb mecYeJel³ele: (Ast.hru. Uttarasthana 23/29)  It means heat of the body reaching the head due to grief, Physical exertion & anger, vitiating the doshas make the hairs grey ,Palitya is thus produced. Lakshana leÜeleelmHegÀefìleb M³eeJeb Kejb ©#eb peueÒeYeced e efHelleelmeoenb HeerleeYeb, keÀHeÀeled eqmveiOeb efJeJeÉef×celed ee mLetueb megMegkeÌueb, meJezmleg
  • 5. The sign and symptoms are  Sphutita  Shyaba  Khara  Ruksha  Jalaprabha  Daha  Pittabha  Snigdha  Vivrudhasthula  Sukla
  • 6.  Ayurveda accounts for two types of palitya i.e. Akalaja (premature grey hair) Kalaja (senile grey hair)  Palitya i.e premature graying of hair is a burning cosmetic issue in present era.  When graying begins before the usual age of onset, it is termed as premature graying of hair.  The onset and progression of graying correlate very closely with chronological aging and occur in varying degrees in all indivisuals eventually, regardless of gender or race.
  • 7. INCIDENCE & PREVALANCE  Palitya is common in young age between 20-30 years age group. Even in children also the incidences are increasing day by day.  Hair is said to have grayed prematurely if it occurs before the age of 20 years in whites, before 25 years in Asians and before 30 years in Africans.  The prevalence of premature greying of hair is found to be 1.2%  The prevalence was higher among female as compared to male.
  • 8. NEED OF THE STUDY  Premature greying aids to embracement & social stigma. Current treatment available are not much satisfactory to cure, check or prevent this problem.  Treatment of Palitya as mentioned in Ayurveda includes sodhana & samanachikitsa. Hence, aiming to derive a new treatment modality for Palitya (Premature greying of hair) this research has been proposed.  So in order to obtain an safe and cost effective remedy this problem has been selected
  • 9. PREVIOUS RESEARCH WORK DONE:- 1. Evaluation of Bhrungarajatailanasya with and without Bhrungarajadirasayana in the management of Akala Palitya a comparative study by Dr. Lokanath J Avadhani, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, Bengaluru 2011-12 2. Clinical management of Akala Palityam(Gray hair) with Triphaladilepam with and without Nimbabeejataila Nasyam by Dr. Lavudya Kamala Kumari, N.T.R. University of Health Science, B.R.K.R.GOVT. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Erragadda, Hyderabad 2005 3. Study of Khalitya&Palitya with special emphasis on etiopathogenesis by Dr. Vishakha D Pathak, Tilak Maharastra University, Pune.
  • 10. 4. A clinical study to assess the efficacy of pratimarshanasya in prevention of Akala Palitya W.S.R. to premature greying of hair by Dr. Sagar Sharma, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka. Sri Jagadguru Gavisiddheswar Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, P.G. studies & Research centre, Gavinath Campus, Koppal, Karnataka (2013-14)
  • 11. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY AIM -  A clinical study on palitya w.s.r to Premature greying of hair and its management with nimbabeeja taila nasya and bhrungarajadi rasayana. OBJECTIVE -  Review of literature of the disease both for ancient and modern point of view and research of the drug.  To evaluate the efficacy of nimbabeeja taila & bhrungarajadi rasayana in the management of Palitya.  To evaluate the efficacy of Nimbabeeja taila nasya in the management of palitya
  • 12. HYPOTHESIS  It is presumed that Nimababeeja taila & bhrungarajadi rasayana described by Bhaisajyaratnavali can effectively control the clinical symptoms of palitya . (Ref- Nimababeej ataila– Bhaisajya Ratnavali, Kshudraroga 60/80 Bhrungarajadirasayana-BhaisajyaRatnavali, Rasanayanadhikara73/28- 29) PURPOSE OF MEDICINE USE –  The need has already been felt to develop certain ayurvedic treatment for the better management of palitya which could be safe, effective, cost-effective readily available and without any side effect. So, keeping all the fact in mind I have taken this formulation Nimbabeeja taila and Bhrungarajadi rasayana.
  • 13. MATERIAL AND METHODS-  DRUG REVIEW  The raw drugs will be purchased from local market .  The trial drug Nimbabeeja taila and Bhrungarajadi rasayana will prepared in G.A.M,PURI pharmacy attached to Dept. of R.S.B.K .
  • 14. Nimbabeejataila efvecyem³e efyepeeefveefnYeeefJeleeefve Ye=²mlelees ³esve leLeeçmevem³e e lewuevleg les<eebefJeeflenefvle vem³eeod ogiOeecyegYeesÊegÀ: Heefuelebmecgeuecedee (Bha.Ra-60/80- Cakradatta)  Ingredient  Nimbabeeja  Asana  Bhrungaraja Bhavana Dravya 1-1 Day
  • 15. Bhrungarajadi rasayana Í}MCeerke=Àleb Ye=²jpem³e ®egCe&b efleueeOe&kebÀ ®eeeceuekeÀe×&keÀáe meMeke&Àjb Ye#e³elees ieg[wJee& velem³e jesieevepejevece=l³eg: ~~28~~ DevOe: HeM³esodiecevejefnlees celleceele²ieeceer cetkeÀesJeeiceerÞeæJeCejefnleesotjMeyoevegmeejer veer©*dcel³eex YeJeefleHeefueleesveeruepeercetuekesÀMees peerCe&e ovl³ee: HegvejefHeveJee: #eerjieewjeYeJeefvle ~~29~~ (Bha.Ra 73/28-29 Cakradatha)
  • 16. Ingredient  Bhrungaraj Chruna - 1PART  Krushna Tila Chruna -1/2 PART  Amalaki Churna -1/2 PART  Anupana: Sarkara or Guda  DOSAGE- 5gm b.i.d  Duration: 3 months  Follow up in every 1 month
  • 19. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA-  Inclusion criteria  Patients having features of Akala Palitya.  Patients to age group of 20-30years  Patients yogya for nasya and rasayana.  Exclusion criteria  Patients with age below 20 years and above 30 years  Patients ayogya for nasya and rasayana.  Infection diseases of scalp like Alopecia areata.  Akala Palitya associated with the diseases of pigmentation like vitiligo, leprosy and Albinism.  Any other systemic diseases.  Subjects with hormonal diseases and hereditary disorders.
  • 20. PLAN OF PROTOCOL  Plan of study  Comparative clinical trial study will be undertaken to co-relate the clinical effect of the trial drug.  In the present study 60 clinically diagnosed patient of either sex of palitya are selected from OPD/IPD of G.A.M. & Hospital Puri.  A regular record of assessment of all the patient will be maintained according to the format prepared for the purpose. Group- A -30 Patients will be treated with both nimbabeeja taila nasya and Bhrungarajadi rasayana internally. Goup-B-30 patients will be treated with nimbabeeja taila nasya Types of study –clinical study
  • 21. STUDY DESIGN-  SINGLE GROUP DESIGN- BT = Before treatment AT= After treatment
  • 22. DOUBLE GROUP DESIGN- ASSESSMENT CRITERIA  Assessment will be made by assessment scale availing subjective parameters & objective parameters.
  • 23. Objective Parameters  Sphutita (absent or present)  Khara (absent or present)  Ruksha (absent or present)  Sukla (absent or present)
  • 24. Hair Count  A new scoring system (Graying severity score, GSS) was devised to evaluate the external of graying taking into account five representative sites from the scalp by two independent investigation and analysed for agreement GSS ranged from 0 to 15 that was further graded as mild, moderate and severe.  5zones- Frontal, vertex, right, left, occipital  A 1cm2 area was washed with a skin marker and the hair within this square was cropped to approximately 1mm above scalp surface. These five squares were then photographical and projected on the computer screen to count the numbers of white and black hair.
  • 25.  Based on the hair count, a score was assigned to each zone a/c to the percentage of grey hair in each square. This was calculated and scored as  Score-1-- 10% grey hair/cm2  Score-2 -- 10%-30% gray hair/cm2  Score-3-- more than 30% gray hair/cm2  The GSS was finally calculated for each patient by taking a sum of the scores a the five represent sites. Thus the maximum attainable score for a patient was 15 (3X5)  The objective scores were further graded as;  Mild (a score of 0-5)  Moderate (Score of 6-10)  Severe (Score of 11-15)
  • 27. PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH WORK  The whole research work will be presented in the form of binding thesis with suitable language by the following parts and chapters.  Part-1  Introduction  Review of Literature a) Ayurvedic Review of disease b) Modern Review of disease  Part-2  Clinical Study a) Materials and methods b) Drug Review c) Observation and Statistical evaluation
  • 28.  Part-3  Discussion  Summery and Conclusion  Part-4  Reference  Bibliography  Appendix  REFERENCE  Acharya Charaka – Chikitsa sthana – Trimarmiyaadhyaya (26 chapter)  Acharya Shushruta – Nidanasthana – Kshudraroga adhyaya (13 chapter)  Acharya Vagvatta – Uttarasthana – siroroga vigyana (23 chapter)  Acharya Vagvatta – Uttarasthana – siroroga pratisetha (24 chapter)  Acharya Madhavakara – Nidana sthana – Kshudraroga Adhyaya (55 chapter)  Acharya Sarangadhara – Purva khanda – Sirakalagataroga (7th chapter)  Bhaisajya Ratnavali – Kshudraroga adhihara (60 no. chapter)  Bhavaprahasha – Kshudraroga adhikara (61 no. chapter)  Yogaratnahara – Kshudraroga adhihara (40 no. chapter)
  • 29. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION  It has been hope that present study will bring out a new standard, effective and successful treatment for Palitya.
  • 30. PALITYA pejmee kesÀMeeoew MeewkeÀue³eced e DecejkeÀes<e  Palitya means change of colour in hair or graying of hairs  At the age old, hair turned to be white in colour.  Palitya is a disease of rasadhatu drusti janya roga which is described by acharya caraka and sushruta INTRODUCTION
  • 31. KESHA SWARUPA keÀsMee: Meer<ex cegKes MceÞeg ves$es He#ce Ye¦Jeew celeew e leveew jesceeefCe pee³evless keÀjHeeoleues efJevee e (meejbieOej) Human body contains hair follicles in all area except palm & sole. It is termed as different way in different area.  Sirsa – Kesa  Mukha – Smasru  Netra – Pakhma, Bhru  Rest of the body – Roma
  • 32. KESHA UTPATI  According to Maharsi Caraka:- Kesha and Roma is the mala of Asthidhatu.  According to Maharsi Sarangadhar :- Kesha is the upadhatu of majjadhatu. Roma is the mala of Asthidhatu.  During Ahara poshana karna, Ahara rasa is processed by jatharagni and dhatwagni to convert in to 2 part : (1) Prasada bhaga (2) Kitta bhaga  During asthidhatwagni vyapara, the poshakamshas which nurish asthidhatu are converted into 2 parts, its kittabhaga is processed by the action of malagni to produce kasha.
  • 33. NIDANA  ¬eÀesOeMeeskeÀÞeceke=Àle: Meefjjes<cee efMejeWiele: e  efHeÊeb ®e kesÀMeeved He®eefle Heefueleb lesve pee³eles ee (su.ni 13/36) Ma. Ni. 55/32)  It means heat of the body reaching the head due to anger, grief and physical exertion, vitiating the local pitta makes the hairs grey, palitya is thus produced. ¬eÀesOeMeeskeÀ Þeceke=Àle:Mejerjes<cee efMejesiele: e EfHeÊeáe kesÀMeeveHe®eefle Heeefueleb lesve pee³eles ee (61/1) Mejerjes<cee - osneeqive: efHeÊeáe
  • 34. SkeÀ : ÒekegÀefHelees oes<e FlejeJeeefHe keÀesHe³esod e Fefle Je®eveeÜeleefHeÊeeY³eeb Mues<ceeb ®e keÀesefHele:, me SJe kesÀMeeveeb MeewkeÀu³eb keÀjesefle e SJeb $e³eesçefHe oes<ee: Heeefuelem³e nsleJe:– kesÀMem³e MegkeÌuelee ee (1) (61/1)  Increase of vayu especially due to excess of soka and shrama, at the same time the pitta is being increased due to krodha in its ushma guna.  This provoked pitta circulates through out the body through rasayani (srota) by the virtue of vikshepana guna of provoked vata to incease the sharira ushma.  This saririka ushma reaches to shira and vitiates sthanika vata and shlesma karya.  This tridoshas vitiated and graying of hair causes manifestation of palitya.  On the basis of samprapti, pitta prakopaka nidana (Ref. Su. Su. 21/21), Rasadrushti (Ref. ca. su. 28/10) & (su. Su. 24/10) and asthidrusti (ca. ci. 15/18-
  • 35. Pitta Prakopaka Nidana Aharaja nidana ¬eÀesOeMeeskeÀ Ye³ee³eemeesHeJeemeefJeoiOecew LegveesHeieceve keÀìdJecueueJeCe Leer#Ce G<Ce ueIegefJeoeefn efleuelewue efHeC³eekeÀkegÀuelLeme<e&Heel e .....  Excess use of pungent (katu) Sour (Amla) Salt (Lavana)
  • 36.  Tila Taila, pinyaka, kullatha, sarsapa, Atasi, haritasaka  Godha, matsya, Aja, Abi Mamsa  Dadhi, Takra, Kurchika, Mastu, Soubiraka, Suavikara  Amla phala, Katbara  Excess intake of Lavana & Kshara (ca. viman 1/ (17-18) Manasika nidana  Krodha  Shoka Viharaja nidana  Ayasa  Upabasa  Maithuna  Shrama
  • 38. SAMPRATI GHATAKA  Doshas :- Pitta-Bhrajakapitta, vata, kapha.  Dushya :- Rasa, asthi dhatu.  Agni :- Jatharagni, Dhatwagni.  Srota :- Rasavaha, Asthivaka.  Srotadrusti :- Sanga, Vimargagamana.  Udhava Sthana :- Amasaya.  Vyadhi adhisthana :- Keshabhumi.  Roga marga :- Bahya roga marga.  Sadhya asadyata :- Ekdoshaja sadhya, samipataja asadhyaya.
  • 39. TYPES OF PALITYA According to According to According to Vagvatta :- sarangadhara :- Yogaratnakar :- 1. Vataja (i) Kalajanita (i) vataja 2. Pittaja (ii) Akalajanita (ii) pittaja 3. Kaphaja (iii) kaphaja 4. Sananipatika (iv) sannipatika 5. Sirarujadbhaba
  • 40. LAKSHANA leÜeleelmHegÀefìleb M³eeJeb Kejb ©#eb upeueHe^Yeced e efHeÊeelmeoenb HeerleeYeb, keÀHeÀeled eqmveiOeb efJeotef×celed ee mLegueb megMegkeÌueb, meJezmleg efJeÐee³eeefceÞeue#eCeced e MesMes©pees×gJeb ®e Dev³eefÂJeCe& mHeÀMe&vehemence ee Ast.hrs. Uttasthana 23/30- 31. JeeeflekeÀ efJe<eceb ©#eb Heerleb
  • 42. SADHYASADHYATA  Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja - Sadhya  Sannipatika : Asadhya  Sirarujadbhaba : Asadhya CHIKITSA SUTRA Keueleew Heeefueles Jeu³eeb nefjuueeseqcve ®e MesefOeleced e vem³e JekeÀ$eefMejesçY³e²Òeosnw: mecegHee®ejsle ee (Ast.hru. Uttarasthana 24/33) Keueleew Heeefueles Jeu³eeb nefjuueeseqcve ®e MeerefOeleced e vem³eswmleswuew: MeerjesJe¬eÀÒeuesHesw½eeH³egHee®ejsle e (ca.ci.26/262- 263)  Treatment :- Sodhana Nasya
  • 43. Premature greying of Hair  Hair is said to greying prematurly only if greying occurs before the age of 20 years in whites , before 25 years in Asians and before 30 years in Africans.  According to W.H.O incidence of premature greying of hair is common in age group of 20-30 years SKIN
  • 44. HAIR  Hair is a filamentous biomaterial that grows from follicles found in the dermis.  Hair follicle :- the part beneath the skin.  Hair bulb :- the part when hair is pulled from the skin.  Hair follicle is located in the dermis and maintains stem cells responsible for regrowth of hair and skin
  • 45.  Hair follicle & Hair bulb
  • 46. Hair shaft :-  the hard filamentous part that extends above skin surface. Hair shaft
  • 48.  Hair growth begins inside hair follicle.  Other structures :- sabeceous gland & arrector pili muscles (Responsible for hair errection, goose bumps)
  • 50. HAIR CYCLE  From the time it is formed each hair follicle undergoes a repetitive sequence of growth and rest known as the hair cycle.
  • 52. HAIR PIGMENTATION  Hair pigmentation is a process, in which there is a precise interaction in the hair follicle unit between follicular melanocytes, keratinocytes and dermal papilla fibroblasts. MELANIN :-  The colour of human hair is due to pigment melanin produced by melanocytes.  Melanin is produced through a multistage chemical process known as melanogenesis where the oxidation of amino acid tyrosine is followed by polymerization.
  • 54. Function  Protect underlying structure from the harmful effects of sunlight.  Influence the colour of epidermis. The synthesis of melanin reaction is catalyzed by the tyrosinase, Tyrosine is found in only one specialized type of cell, the melanocyte, and in this cell melanin is found membrane-bound bodies called melanosomes.
  • 56. NORMAL HAIR FOLLICULAR MELANIN UNIT AND MELANOGENESIS  Each melanocyte is associated with five keratinocytes in the hair bulb forming a hair follicle-melanin unit.  Melanogenesis in the hair is closely associated with stages of the hair cycle.  Follicular menocytes are derived from immature melanoblasts that migrate from the neural crest into the skin during embryogenesis.  As the hair follicle develops, the progeny of melanoblasts which proliferate in the epidermis, known as transient – amplifying melanocytes, leave that compartment and move into the developing hair follicle.
  • 57. MELANOGENESIS :-  The colour of human hair depend melanogenesis, through a process of synthesis of melanin and its subsequent distribution from the melanocyte to keratinocyte.  There, menalocytes may become or remain DOPA-oxidase-positive cells (i.e. express active tyrosinase) or remain DOPA-oxidase- negative cells (i.e. either fail to express tyrosinase or express on inactive tyrosinase) depending on the intrafollicular compartment in which they reside.  Melanocytes in the hair bulb retract their melanocyte and shut down melanogenesis towards the end of anagen.  Simultaneously there is a decline in the activity on three main melanogenic enzymes :- Tyrosinase, gp 75 and dopa chrome tautomerase
  • 58.  This occurs a few days before the cessation of keratinocyte proliferation resulting in the pigment free proximal ends of shed telogen hair.  During catagen, hair apoptosis occurs and quiescent hair follicle much smaller size is left telogen.  Melanogenic activity restarts during early anagen with the reconstruction of the follicular melanin unit.  Tyrosinase activity becomes apparent during anagen III, pigment transfer from hairbulb melanocytes to cortical keratinocytes is initiated during anagen IV and active melanogenesis continues throughout anagen V and VI, ceasing with the onset of catagen.  Melanocytes are presents in two compartment of the hair follicules in the anagen hair bulb where they transfer pigment to cells that will form the hair cortex, and in the outer root sheath  Grey hair follicles lack melanocytes in the hair bulb while retaining those in the outer root sheath.  Hair bulb melanocytes are probably recruited from the outer root sheath melanocytes population at the onset of anagen.
  • 59.  Migration and activation of these melanocytes is possibly under unknown local signaling mechanisms like a – melanocyte stimulating hormone ( - MSH) modulation of failure of which may result in graying.  The hair bulb matrix is the principle site for the fully differentiated follicular menalocyte subpopulation, these melanocytes are distributed, in particular, within the matrix above and around the upperdermalpapilla.  They transfer their melanin granules to keratinocytes of the hair cortex and less so to the medulla and very rarely to the hair cuticle.  Under stimulation from radiation or cytokines, the outer root sheath melanocytes may be stimulated to migrate and differentiate to naturally repigment graying hair follicles.
  • 60. Causes of premature graying of hair 1. Nutritional deficiencies (B12, D, C) 2. Mental worries. 3. Unhygienic condition of scalp. 4. Heredity. 5. Genetics. 6. Stress (emotional & physical) 7. Hormonal imbalance. 8. Immune system irregularities. 9. Thyroid disorders. 10. Cosmetics. 11. Radiation or chemo therapy. 12. Drug. 13. Pollution. 14. Disease :-pernicious anemia 15. Autoimmune disorder. 16. Iron, copper, iodine – deficiency. 17. Smoking.
  • 61. Histopathology of greying of Hair  A line across the widest part of the bulb of the hair follicle divides it into two regions. Two region I. A lower region of undifferentiated cells. II. An upper region in which the cells become differentiated to form the innersheath and the haBelow the critical level known as the line of Auber lie the matrix or the germination center of the follicle, where every cell is mitotically active and the dermal papilla.  The pigmentary unit is is a pear-shaped black structure at the tip of the dermal papilla above the Auber’s line in pigmented hair where individual melanocytes cannot be distinguished.  Only unpigmented and undifferentiated putative melanocyte stem cells, but not pigmented differentiated melanocytes, are normally found in the hair bulb below the line of Auber.
  • 62.  In gray hair, the pigmentary unit becomes fuzzy melanocytes are few and rounded and lightly pigmented oligodendritric melanocytes become detectable in the proximal hair bulb below Auber’s line.  The resultant pigment loss in graying hair follicle due to a marked reduction in melanogenically active melanocytes in the hair bulb of grey anagen hair follicles is central to the pathogenesis of graying.  Defective melanosomal transfer to the cortical keratinocytes or melanin incontinence due to melanocyte degenation is also believed to contribute to graying.  There is autophagolysosomal degradation of melanosomes within the melanocytes itself and is usually followed by the degeneration of the melanocyte.  Eventually, no melanogenic melanocytes remain in the hair bulb.  True gray hair show reduced DOPA reaction (indicator of tyrosinase activity) while white hair bulbs are negative for the same.
  • 64. Neurotransmitters  Neurotransmitters is a chemical substance that act as the mediator for the transmission of nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron.  Depending upon their chemical nature. 3 types 1. Amino acids – involved in fast synaptic transmission, inhibitory and excitatory in action 2. Amine – involved in slow synaptic transmission, inhibitory and excitatory in action.
  • 66. Adrenal medularry hormones are the amine derived from catechol and these hormones are called catecholamine. 3 catecholamine are secreted by medulla. 1) Adrenaline or epinephrine 2) Noradrenalin or nor epinephrine 3) Dopamine. Hormones of Adrenal medulla
  • 74.  Thyroid Hormones – leading to premature graying  Both T4 & T3 – iodine containing derivatives of amino acid tyrosine.  Iodine & tyrosine – are essential for the formation of thyroid hormones.  Each thyroglobulin molecules contains 140 mollecules of amino acid tyrosine.
  • 77. Genetics  Mainly 2 genes are responsible for graying hair i.e Bcl2 & Bcl-w.  Stem cells at the base of hair follicles produce melanocytes – there are the cells that produce and store pigment in hair and skin, the death of melanocyte stem cells causes the onset of hair graying.
  • 78. D3 deficiency leading to premature greying of hair
  • 81. Mode of action of Nasya : Ayurvedic  According to Acharya Charaka & Vagvatta Nasa is the portal (gateway) of shiras. “Nasa Hi shiraso dwaram”  According to Astanga Sangraha the drug administered through nostrils, reachers shringataka by Nasasrota and spreads in the murdha (Brain) taking route of Netra (eye), shrotra (ear), kantha (throat), Siramukhas (opening of the vessels) etc.  Scrapes the morbid doshas in supraclavicular region and extract them from the uttamanga.  Maharsi Sushruta has explained sringataka marma as a sira marma formed by the union of siras (blood vessels) supplying to nose, ear, eye and tongue.
  • 82. The pharmacodynamics of Nasyakarmacan be explained in light of modern anatomical and physiological studies as follows 1.Vascular pathway  The nasal tissue is highly vascularized making it an attractive site for rapid and efficient systemic absorption. Rich vascular plexus permits topically administered drugs to rapidly achieve effective blood levels while avoiding intravenous catheters. Vascular path transportation is possible through the pooling of nasal venous blood into the facial vein which occurs naturally. The facial vein has no valves. It communicates freely with the intracranial circulation.It communicates through pterygoidplexus with the cavernous venous sinus Modern View
  • 83. 2.Neurological pathway  Olfactory nerve is chemoreceptor in nature. It is known that through olfactory pathway this nerve is connected with limbic system and hypothalamus which are having control over endocrine secretions.10Moreover, hypothalamus is considered to be responsible for ntegrating the functions of the endocrine system and the nervous system. Electrical stimulation of hypothalamus in animals is capable of inducing secretions in the anterior pituitary. So the drugs administratedhere stimulate the higher centers ofbrain which shows action on regulation of endocrine and nervous system functions. 3.Diffusion through nasal mucosa  In the absorption of drug from the nasal cavity first step is passage through the mucus. Large and charged particles may find it more difficult to cross. But small and uncharged particles easily pass through this layer. Mechanisms for absorption of drug through the nasal mucosa include 1. Paracellular route is the first mechanism which isan aqueous route of transport. This is slow and passive route. 2. Transcellular process is the second mechanism of transport through a lipoidal route and is responsible for the transport of lipophilic drugs that show a rate dependency on their lipophilicity. Drugs also cross cell membranes by an active transport route via carrier mediated means or transport through the opening of tight junctions