#Gender Equaltiy # GenderSchoolandSociety Gender Equality a very important topic of Gender School and Society by Dr Krishan Kant. this PPT covers all aspects of Gender Equality in easy language. a very useful topic for budding teachers & teacher educators.

1. Gender Equality
By: Dr. Krishan Kant,
Principal, CRDAV Girls College of Education, Ellenabad(Sirsa)Haryana
kantkulria@gmail.com, +9190506-20202

2. Concept of Gender Equality:
•Gender equality, also known as sexual
equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal
ease of access to resources and opportunities
regardless of gender, including economic participation
and decision-making; and the state of valuing different
behaviors, aspirations and needs equally, regardless of
gender.

3. Gender Equality
Gender equality
Gender equality is a basic human right and described as; “all human
beings are born equal”. It means that everyone, whether born as male,
female or intersex, should be able to develop their full potential and live
in freedom and dignity. Examples of gender equality are;
•Equal access to education
•Equal access to mobility
•Equal job opportunities and salaries
•Freedom of marrying who you want
•Equal divorce rights
•Equal access to social and recreational life.
•Freedom of choice.

4. Gender Stereotypes :
• Gender stereotypes refer to clichés which a man or woman is supposed to
do or be like:
• Women are nurses, not doctors
Men are doctors, not nurses
Women are supposed to cook and do house work
Men are supposed to have a job
Women are caring and friendly
Men are though and messy
Women are followers
Men are leaders
Women should look pretty
Men should be good in sports
• Gender roles are not natural to men or women, rather, they are learned
and imposed by social values! But everything that a man can do, a woman
can do too, and vice versa!

5. Causes of Gender Inequality:
Here are 8 primary causes of gender discrimination:
• Religious matters (preference for boys).
• Bad mentality. Most people still think that women are too
weak to perform serious work and obtain top positions.
• Rigid culture and traditions.
• Educational level and illiteracy.
• A lack of enough empowerment.
• Unequal pay for equal (and even bigger) work if compared
with men.
• Poverty (makes women do low paid job, one of the reasons
why they got involved in human trafficking and prostitution).
• Lack of medical care.
• Patriarchal Society.

6. LEGISLATIONS FOR ENABLING GENDER JUSTICE IN INDIA
• Article 14 provides for equality before the law, or for the equal protection of laws. The
equality provided herein is therefore two pronged: equality before the law means that
the State shall not discriminate between two citizens – every person is the same in the
eyes of the law.
• Article 15 (1) explicitly prohibits any discrimination on the basis of sex; it states, ‘The
State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste,
sex, place of birth or any of them.’ This does not prevent the State from taking
affirmative action in favor of women. Under Article 15(3), the State is provided with the
power to make special provision for women and children.
• Article 16 provides for equality of opportunity of all in matters relating to public
employment or appointment to any office; it specifically forbids discrimination on the
grounds of sex.
• Article 16 (2) reads: ‘No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex,
descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated
against in respect or, any employment or office under the State.’

7. • Article 39 provides for securing the right to an equal means of
livelihood for both men and women and that both men and women
have the right to equal pay.
• Article 42 provides for securing just and humane conditions of work
and for maternity relief.

8. IPC Acts for Gender Protection
• While there are various crimes defined under the Indian Penal Code,
1860 (IPC) of which both men and women can be victims (robbery,
theft, murder, etc.), but there are a few crimes which fall under the
category of crimes against women, defined under the Indian Penal
Code (IPC), 1860:
1.Rape (Sec. 376 IPC)
2.Kidnapping & Abduction for different purposes ( Sec. 363-373)
3.Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their attempts (Sec. 302/304-B IPC)
4.Torture, both mental and physical (Sec. 498-A IPC)
5.Molestation (Sec. 354 IPC)
6.Sexual Harassment (Sec. 509 IPC)

9. Some other legislation for Gender Equality
• The Employees State Insurance (ESI) Act, 1948.
• The Maternity Benefit Act (MB Act), 1961.
• The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition
and Redressal) Act, 2013.
• The Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance, 2018: This ordinance provides
the death penalty for rape of girls below 12 years of age.
• Women’s Reservation Bill: The Women’s Reservation Bill is a pending bill
which has sought to amend the Constitution of India to reserve thirty-three
percent (one-third) of the total seats in Lok Sabha-the Lower House of
Parliament and all state legislative assemblies for women.

10. Govt. Policies for Girls In India
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
• Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
• Balika Samriddhi Yojana
• CBSE Udaan Scheme
• National Scheme of Incentive to Girls for Secondary Education
• Dhanalakshmi Scheme
• Ladli Scheme of Haryana

11. Measures to Eradicate Gender Inequality
• Talk to women and girls.
• Let girls use mobile phones
• Stop child marriage and sexual harassment
• Make education gender sensitive
• Raise aspirations of girls and their parents
• Empower mothers
• Give proper value to ‘women’s work’
• Get women into power
• Encourage women into non-traditional vocations
• Work together
• Stop the violence
• Beware the backlash

12. Thank You