1. Personality, Attitudes, Workplace
Behavior and Motivation
Kishwar Sayeed
Advisor HR & OD, Prothom Alo
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

2. Why personality is important in the workplace?
How should be our workplace behavior ?
How should be your attitude right in the
workplace?
How does motivation affect your attitude and
behavior
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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3. • The Concept of Personality
• Sources of Personality Differences
• Personality Structure
• Personality and Behavior
• The Concept of Attitude
• Attitudes and Behavior
• Individual Differences and Ethical Behavior
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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4. Concept of Personality
Definition: Personal characteristics that lead to
consistent patterns of behavior
It is combination of characteristics that capture
the unique nature of a person as that person
reacts and interacts with others and how he
views himself.
Interactionist Perspective: Both the person and
the situation act as significant causes of
behavior in organizations, reinforcing the
importance of properly managing the situations.
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

5. Personality differences
• Heredity: Research on the nature-nurture controversy
indicates that about 50% of the variance in personality is
inherited, thus setting limits on development.
• Environment: Shapes at least 50% of personality.
– Culture
– Family
– Group Membership
– Life Experiences
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

6. Personality Structure:
The “Big Five” Personality Factors
Recent research has examined people using extensive lists of personality
dimensions and distilled them into the “Big Five Personality Traits:”
Each factor is a continuum of many related traits)
Agreeableness
(Stable, confident, effective) (Nervous, self-doubting, moody)
Sociability
(Outgoing, energetic, self-dramatizing) (Shy, unassertive, withdrawn)
Conscientiousness
(Planful, neat, dependable) (Impulsive, careless, irresponsible)
(Warm, tactful, considerate) (Independent, cold, rude)
Intellectual Openness
(Imaginative, curious, original) (Dull, unimaginative, literal-minded)
Adjustment
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

7. Specific Personality Traits and Their Linkage to the
“Big Five”
• Self-esteem (“self-worth”) is part of adjustment
• Locus of control (“fate vs. personal control”) is part of conscientiousness
• Introversion and extraversion (preference for thinking vs. interacting--
NOT “social skills”) are part of sociability
• Dogmatism (generalized rigidity of beliefs) and
• authoritarianism (narrower personality type who prefers to follow orders)
are part of intellectual openness
Traits are continuaL—people may be high, low, or in-between.
Most people are in-between!
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

8. Goal Orientation as a Personality Trait
Goal setting theory, and a large body of past research predicts that higher self
set goals will result in higher performance. Past research has also shown that
goal commitment has a main effect on performance
Two orientations are important in understanding individual
Job performance:
Learning goal orientation – an inclination to develop competence by
acquiring new skills and mastering new situations; may be associated
with better individual job performance.
Performance goal orientation – an inclination to demonstrate and
validate competence by seeking favorable judgments from others
(e.g., a supervisor) and avoiding negative judgments; may be
associated with a “helpless” response pattern and weak performance
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

9. Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo
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How much do you see of an Iceberg ?
Only 10 % is visible and 90% under the sea level
Knowledge & skills
Behavior
Known to others
Unknown to others
Attitude
Values-Standards-
Judgment
Motives – Ethics -Beliefs

10. The Concept of Attitude
Definition: Relatively lasting feelings,
beliefs, and behavior tendencies
directed toward specific people,
groups, ideas, issues, or objects.
Attitudes consist of three components:
COGNITIVE = beliefs
AFFECTIVE = feelings
BEHAVIORAL = predispositions to act
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

11. How attitudes form – logical sequence
Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo
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My supervisor gave promotion
to my co-worker, who deserved
it less than me
My supervisor is unfair
I dislike my supervisor
I am looking for some other
job
Cognitive
Affective
Behavioral
Negative attitude
towards my
supervisor

12. Attitudes and Behavior
Attitudes do not normally predict or cause behavior
in a simple and direct way
Three principles relate attitudes to behavior:
General attitudes best predict general behaviors
Specific attitudes best predict specific behaviors
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

13. Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo
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Case study-1

14. What are stereotyped attitudes ?
Stereotypes are qualities assigned to groups of
people related to their race, nationality and
sexual orientation.
Stereotypes generalize groups of people in
manners that lead to discrimination and
ignore the diversity within groups.
Stereotypes should be avoided.
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

15. What is Behavior
Actions resulting from your attitude and personality.
The way you act or present yourself, actions in an given
environment.
Can be influenced by others
According to Webster, one’s manner of behaving or acting.
The action or reaction of a material, machine under given
circumstances.
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

16. Affective Events Theory
Work Environment
Job characteristics
Job demand
Need for emotional
labor
Work Events
Daily hassle
Daily uplifts
Personal disposition
Personality
Mood
Emotional Reactions
Positive
Negative
Job satisfaction
Job performance
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

17. Acceptable Attitudes & Behaviors
Positive
Things that you are supposed to do
Following rules and regulations
Appropriate
People will like to be around you
Help you meet job requirements
Help you in the future
Help to keep you employed
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

18. Unacceptable Attitudes & Behaviors
Negative
Things that you are not supposed to do:
Not following rules and regulations
Inappropriate
People do not like to be around you
Will not allow you to meet job requirements
Hurts you in the future
Help to keep you unemployed
Breaking the laws
Helps you to be unsuccessful in the future
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

19. Work ethics
• Work ethic may include many things but it is
really your set of values.
• Ideally the better your work ethics, the better
your work position.
• You work ethics will guide you in a given
situation.
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

20. Behavior is your actions resulting from your attitude,
personality and environment ( work ethics).
Work Ethics is a combination of your
values, personality, attitude and pride in your work.
Comprises of
honesty, pride, purpose, feelings, visions, teamwork,
character, productivity, appearance and
communication.
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

21. Work ethics includes
your set of values
involving honesty
involving
accountability
choosing right
verses wrong
doing acceptable
verse unacceptable
being aboard board
verses under the
table
what you would do
 how you feel about
their job and
 how you do that job
or responsibilities
 involves attitude,
 involves behavior,
 involves respect,
 involves
communication, and
interaction;
 Involves how one gets
along with others.
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

22. Work ethic involves
• honesty (not lying, stealing, or cheating),
• doing a job well
• having pride
• valuing what one does
• showing people who you really are.
• having sense of purpose and feeling
• being a part of a greater vision or plan is vital
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

23. Research
In a research of U.S. Department of Labor estimated that 80
Percent of workers who lose their jobs do so not because of lack
of occupational skills, but because of poor work ethics.
Identified essential work ethics that should be taught and
practiced in order to develop a viable and effective workforce.
Attendance
Teamwork
Attitude
Organizational Skills
Cooperation
Character
Appearance
Productivity
Communication
Respect
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

24. Being Reliable
• Dependable
• Following regulations
• Reliable
• Honest
• Careful
• Punctual
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

25. Appearance
• Displays appropriate dress
• Displays good grooming habits
• Displays good hygiene
• Displays good etiquette
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

26. Teamwork
• Respects the right of others
• Respects confidentiality
• Is a team worker
• Is cooperative
• Is assertive
• Displays a customer service attitude
• Seeks opportunities for continuous learning
• Demonstrates mannerly behaviors
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

27. Respect
• Deals appropriately with cultural/racial
diversity
• Does not engage in harassment of any kind
• Uses manners around others
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

28. Productivity
• Follows safety practices
• Conserves materials
• Keeps work areas neat and clean
• Follows directions and procedures
• Makes up assignments
• Punctually
• Participates
• Completes all work
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

29. Organizational Skills
• Manifests skills in prioritizing and
management of time and stress
• Demonstrates flexibility in handling change
• Keep things neat and orderly
• Uses time wisely
• Arrives on time
• Excused absences only
• Does not make up excuses for absences
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

30. Attitude
• Demonstrates a positive attitude
• Friendly, pleasant and kind
• Appears self-confident
• Has a realistic expectation of self
• I can, I will, I did attitude
• Others like to be around you
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

31. Character
• Displays loyalty
• Displays honesty
• Displays trustworthiness
• Displays dependability
• Displays reliability
• Displays initiative
• Displays self-discipline
• Displays self-responsibility
• Control emotions and actions
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

32. Communication
• Displays appropriate nonverbal –eye contact
• Display appropriate nonverbal – body
language
• Displays oral listening skills
• Displays appropriate telephone etiquette
• Displays proper grammar in communication
• Displays appropriate verbal and nonverbal
communication skills
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

33. Cooperation
• Displays leadership skills
• Appropriately handles criticism
• Appropriately handles conflict
• Appropriately handles complaints
• Demonstrates problem-solving capability
• Maintains appropriate relationships with
supervisors and peers
• Follows chain of command
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

34. • The 10 essential work ethics traits that encourage
development of positive work habits conducive to
the needs of business and industry.
• Attendance
• Cooperation
• Character
• Communication
• Respect
• Productivity
• Organization skills
• Appearance
• Teamwork
• Attitude
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

35. What are the interpersonal skills needed in
teamwork?
• skill of collaboration,
• mentoring,
• decision making
• delegation
• participation
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

36. Changes in Organizational Commitment Over Time
• Initial Commitment - determined by individual
characteristics and degree of equivalence between
their expectations and organizational realities.
• Subsequent Commitment is influenced by job
experiences, including many of the same factors
which influence job satisfaction (such as pay,
interpersonal relationships, working conditions,
advancement opportunities, etc.)
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

37. Types of Management Ethics
• Immoral management
– Devoid of any ethical principles, characterized by
exploitation for corporate or personal gain
• Moral management
– Guided by appropriate ethical principles
• Amoral management
– Indifference toward ethical principles,
characterized by a lack of awareness of ethical
issues
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

38. Steps for Instilling Moral
Management
1. Identify ethical attitudes crucial for the
organization’s operations, and use training
programs to foster them
2. Select employees with desired attitudes
3. Incorporate ethics in the performance
evaluation process
4. Establish a work culture that reinforces
ethical attitudes
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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39. Why ?
• sW
Some people climb
mountains ?
Some people like
to run ?
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

40. Motivation
is the force that drives our actions
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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41. Understanding Motivation and
Satisfaction
is a psychological state that exists
whenever internal and/or external forces
stimulate, direct, or maintain behaviors.
is a psychological state that
indicates how a person feels about his or her
situation, based on a evaluation of the
situation.
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

42. Employee Motivation and Satisfaction
Manager
Behavior
Job
Design
Organization
Context
Individual
Differences
Employee Motivation
Employee Satisfaction
Consequences for employers
And employees
- Improved individual and
team performance
- Satisfied Customers
- High Morale
- Reduced turnover
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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43. Moving up and Down the Needs
Hierarchy
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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44. Case study -2
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45. Managerial Approach
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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46. Guidelines for Managers
Clearly communicate the organization's mission to
employees and explain how their contribution to the
organization will help the organization realize its
mission.
State the behaviors and performance achievements
that are desired and explain how they will be
rewarded.
Design jobs with high motivating potential.
Provide frequent and constructive feedback
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
Alo

47. Guidelines for Managers (cont.)
Provide rewards for desired behavior and
outcomes.
Provide rewards that employees value.
Provide equitable rewards.
Recognize that each person is unique.
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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Kishwar Sayeed, Adviosr HR & OD, Prothom
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