Robot

2.  ACCELEROMETER
 TRANSMITTER- BLOCK DIAGRAM
 RECEIVER- BLOCK DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION-
ENCODER
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
OPTICAL SENSOR

3.  An accelerometer is a device that measures proper
acceleration, also called the four-acceleration. For example, an
accelerometer on a rocket accelerating through space will
measure the rate of change of the velocity of the rocket
relative to any inertial frame of reference

4.  Conceptually, an accelerometer behaves as a
damped mass on a spring. When the
accelerometer experiences an acceleration, the
mass is displaced to the point that the spring is
able to accelerate the mass at the same rate as
the casing. The displacement is then measured
to give the acceleration. Accelerometers are
very important in the sensor world because they
can sense a wide range of motion.

6. ACCELEROMETER
ANALOG TO
DIGITAL
CONVERTER
PIC
MICROCONTROLER
16F77
HT12E
ENCODER
433MHz
TRANSMITTER

7.  In transmitter circuit we are using accelerometer to sense hand
gesture, microcontroller to process the data and FSK
transmitter to transmit the data to the Receiver (Robot)
 In receiver circuit we have FSK receiver, microcontroller and
Dc motor driver. The received data is processed by the
microcontroller for the specific movement and DC motor
drive actuates this data.

9. 433MHz RECEIVER DEODER
PIC
MICROCONTROLER
16F77
H-BRIDGE DRIVER
DC MOTOR

11.  18 PIN DIP, Operating Voltage : 2.4V ~ 12.0V
 Low Power and High Noise Immunity, CMOS
Technology
 Low Stand by Current
 Capable of Decoding 12 bits of Information
 8 ~ 12 Address Pins and 0 ~ 4 Data Pins
 Received Data are checked 2 times, Built in Oscillator
needs only 5% resistor
 VT goes high during a valid transmission
 Easy Interface with an RF of IR transmission medium
 Minimal External Components

12.  For controlling robot we have used RF transmitting remote.
For RF transmission we have used HT12E Encoder IC. The
212 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control
system applications. They are capable of encoding information
which consists of N address bits and 12_N data bits. Each
address/ data input can be set to one of the two logic states.
The programmed addresses/data are transmitted together with
the header bits via an RF or an infrared transmission medium
upon receipt of a trigger signal. The capability to select a TE
trigger on the HT12E or a DATA trigger on the HT12A further
enhances the application flexibility of the 212 series of
encoders. The HT12A additionally provides a 38kHz carrier
for infrared systems.

13.  For RF transmission purposed it is needed to encode
the signal generated at computer parallel port with the
help visual basic code. For signal encoding purpose
we have used HT 12E encoder. HT12 E is 212
encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote
control system applications. They are capable of
encoding information which consists of N address
bits and 12_N data bits. Each address/ data input can
be set to one of the two logic states.

14.  The infrared intruder sensor is used to sense some unknown
person like thief entering in your house without your
permission.
 In the infrared sensor we use IC 555 as a main component. Pin
no 4 and pin no 8 is connected to the positive supply. Pin no 1
is connected to the negative voltage. One capacitor is
grounded from the pin no 5 for noise cancellation. Output is
available on the pin no 3. Sensor is connected to the pin no 2.

15.  Light sensor: An LDR is used to sense light. The output
voltage of a LRD is amplified by an operational amplifier, and
is inputted into the base of transistor .The temperature
sensitivity adjusting the gain of an operational amplifier by
VR.
So in the normal mode when temperature is below 60C the
output or LM358 is not sufficient to drive transistor BC 548.
When temperature raises above 60C the output of LM358 is
about 3V which is sufficient to drive transistor thus
microcontroller get positive voltage.
 DC motor driver: The H-Bridge is used for motor driver. The
H-Bridge is widely used in Robotics for driving DC motor in
both clockwise and anticlockwise. As shown in the circuit
diagram in H Bridge two NPN and two PNP transistors is
used.

16.  Frequency of 433MHz is used in low power devices. 433 MHz
radios are short range, license free communication devices
authorized for use in many parts of the world. In some
countries, however, voice is not allowed over LPD. They
operate in the UHF band from 433.075 MHz to 434.775 MHz
with 25 kHz channel spacing, for a total of 69 channels. These
devices are frequency modulated(FM) with a maximum legal
power output of 10 mW. LPD devices must only be used with
the integral and non-removable antenna. LPD was introduced
to reduce the burden on the channels over shorter ranges (less
than 1 km).

17. THANK YOU