science

1. THE REVIEW PROCESS
4/7/2023 The NEED Project 1

2. Literature Review
• It is a process of compiling, classifying and
evaluating what other researchers have
written on a certain topic.

3. Purpose of Reviewing a Literature
• It builds the confidence of the researcher
as he/she understands the variables being
studied.
• It shows similar studies conducted which,
in turn , become the spring board of
discussion as the researcher may agree or
disagree with the current results.

4. • Fellow researchers will see the objectivity
of the study as they read a review of
literature and related sources similar in
research or conceptual framework.
• Reviewing a body of literature on the topic
makes the research study empirical.

5. Selecting the Topic and the Literature
1. Pick a topic
Here are some practical tips in selecting a
topic to investigate:
• A thorough analysis of the present
situation should be done.
• The researcher has to look into
himself/herself, his/her own experience as
a student, son, sibling, friend, etc. Without
losing track of his/her own area of
professional interest.

6. • Reading literature can further confirm a
topic or even open up a new one.
• The use of the Internet is a powerful tool to
look into a topic which is new or rarely
explored.
• A habit of visiting the school library can be
beneficial for a researcher.
• A discussion with classmates or even with
teachers and other professionals can yield
new ideas and insights

7. 2. Selecting the Literature
Key points to consider in the review of related
literature:
• The literature review is not a summary of literature
read, but rather an exposition of background
knowledge for further search.
• The selected literature can be placed in various
sections of the research study.
• An intelligent synthesis of the literature must be
presented in the research paper.
• An effective and prctical management of collected
literature will facilitate both the analysis and
synthesis of literature.

8. 3. Structure of Literature Review
In a literature review, one should do as follows:
• Group research studies and other relevant
literature according to a common theme.
• Summarize each item of the literature
appropriately according to its significance.
• Compare and evaluate each item of the literature.
• Provide topic sentences at the beginning of
paragraphs.
• Summarize sentences at the end of each section
to help the reader understand the main issues.

9. 4. Characteristics of a good Literature
Review
• Delimits clearly the subject matter to be reviewed
• Covers all important relevant literature
• Is up-to-date
• Provides an insightful analysis of the ideas and
conclusions in the literature.
• Points out simmilarities and differences, and
strengths and weaknesses in the literature.
• Identifies gaps in the literature for future research.
• Clarifies the context for which the literature is
important.

10. Types of Reading
1. ELEMENTARY READING
• Basic type of reading.
• It consists merely of recognizing the words
and the literal comprehension of the
sentences.

11. 2. SYSTEMATIC SKIMMING
• This is a type of reading in which the
articles or materials are discerned if they
can be included for analysis.
3. ANALYTIC READING
• Through this process, the researcher
has an intimate communion with the
author of the article or book.

12. 4. COMPARATIVE READING
• This is the highest level of reading in
which the researcher analyzes several
articles or books.
• The concepts and principles from the
various points of view of authors are
compared and contrasted.

13. Conducting a Review of Literature
• Looking for relevant materials.
• Actual reading
• Note- taking

14. Tools for Reading and Review
• Highlighting
• Annotations