2. TCP/IP
Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Developed by the Defence
Advanced Research Projects
Agency (DARPA).
Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA). 1969
Now the de facto standard for
internetwork communications
10. TRANSPORT LAYER
Ensure that segment divered will be
acknowledged to the sender
Provide for retransmission of any segment
that are not acknowledged
Put segment back into their correct
sequence at the destination
Provide congestion avoidance and control
11. TRANSPORT LAYER
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Connection-Oriented
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- Connection-less
12. Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP)
TCP is a connection-oriented transport
layer protocol that provides data
transmission
connection is established between both
ends before the transfer of information
can begin
22. Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP)
Source port – Number of the port that sends data
Destination port – Number of the port that receives data
Sequence number – Number used to ensure the data arrives
in the correct order
Acknowledgment number – Next expected TCP octet
HLEN – Number of 32-bit words in the header
Reserved – Set to zero
Code bits – Control functions, such as setup and termination of
a session
Window – Number of octets that the sender will accept
Checksum – Calculated checksum of the header and data fields
Urgent pointer – Indicates the end of the urgent data
Option – One option currently defined, maximum TCP segment
size
Data – Upper-layer protocol data
23. The following protocols use TCP:
- FTP
- HTTP
- SMTP
- Telnet
- ICMP
Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP)
24. USER DATAGRAM
PROTOCOL (UDP)
UDP is a simple protocol that exchanges datagrams
without guaranteed delivery
UDP does not use windows or ACKs
UDP is designed for applications that do not need to put
sequences of segments together
26. USER DATAGRAM
PROTOCOL (UDP)
Source port – Number of the port that sends
data
Destination port – Number of the port that
receives data
Length – Number of bytes in header and data
Checksum – Calculated checksum of the header
and data fields
Data – Upper-layer protocol data
