1. Energy Systems + Thermofluids 3
Lectures | Tutorials | Practicals
KEITH VAUGH - Lecture 1

2. The practical and theoretical aspects of the Thermodynamic
Laws with an emphasis on the processes, the environment
and society are explored. Candidates develop their
comprehension of these laws through an integrated and
applied approach and develop their ability to analyse
thermodynamic and thermofluidic systems. The module
contains theoretical, practical and empirical material.
AIM

3. LEARNING
OUTCOMES

4. Identify, interpret and apply the unique vocabulary associated with
thermodynamic and thermofluidic systems and demonstrate an
ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems
associated with thermodynamic and thermofluidic systems
Specify, select and analyse individual components of a
thermodynamic/thermofluidic system and recognise the role of the
engineer and the impact that these components and/or systems
can have society and the environment.
Demonstrate an ability to conduct comprehensive experimental
studies relevant to both wet and dry fluid flow systems within a
collaborative group setting and to deliver a mini project and
disseminate results to peers in a conference style paper format
and/or presentation
Critique one's own learning through the identification and
subsequent addressing of deficits
LEARNING
OUTCOMES

5. Final Terminal Exam
Continuous Assessment
Experiments & Pumping
Project
(Labs - due midnight same
day
Project - Week 10/12)
Identify, interpret and apply the unique vocabulary associated with
thermodynamic and thermofluidic systems and demonstrate an
ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems
associated with thermodynamic and thermofluidic systems
Specify, select and analyse individual components of a
thermodynamic/thermofluidic system and recognise the role of the
engineer and the impact that these components and/or systems
can have society and the environment.
Demonstrate an ability to conduct comprehensive experimental
studies relevant to both wet and dry fluid flow systems within a
collaborative group setting and to deliver a mini project and
disseminate results to peers in a conference style paper format
and/or presentation
Critique one's own learning through the identification and
subsequent addressing of deficits

6. Title: Fundamentals of Thermal Fluid Sciences
Author: Yunus A. Cengel, Robert H. Turner, John
M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw Hill
ISBN: 978-007-132511-0
ISBN: 978-981-472095-3
Required Text
NOTE: The module has written using the 3rd
edition, 4th/5th edition can also be used

7. Take Notes

8. 50%
Final terminal
exam
40%
Project & Labs
10%
Continuous
assignments
MODULE MARKING

9. EXPERIMENTS
SESSIONS | REPORTS

10. Students work in teams to complete experiments
Lab coats and safety glasses MUST be worn at all times
when working in the laboratory
One report per team is to be submitted by midnight on the
day the experiment was conducted
The team leadership rotates for each experiment
All team members are to be delegated activities required to
complete the experiment by the experiment leader
Each team member must include their own
discussion/conclusions on the experiment
Team reports are limited to 3 pages (not including cover
page or appendices) Projects - 6 page report plus
appendices and a recorded Narrated Presentation
EXPERIMENTS
SESSIONS
|
REPORTS
|
PROJECTS

11. TIMELIN
E

12. TIMELIN
E
15 Week Semester
12 Lecture Weeks
Semester I
Week 2
Lecture 1 - 12th of September 2021
Semester I
Week 12
Lecture 11 - 27th of November 2021

13. Semester I -Week 2
Lecture 1 - Introduction
Aim
Learning outcomes (LO’s)
Course Work
Linking LO’s to Assessment
Problem Solving Techniques
Energy and the Environment
Lecture 2
Basic Concepts
Systems and control volumes
Properties of a system
Density and specific gravity
State and equilibrium
The state postulate
Processes and cycles
The state-flow process
Temperature and the zeroth law
Temperature scales
Pressure
Variation of pressure with depth
Lecture 3
Energy, Energy Transfer and
Energy Analysis
Forms of energy
Energy transfer by heat
Energy transfer by work
Mechanical forms of work
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy balance
Energy change of a system
Mechanisms of energy transfer
(heat, work, mass flow)
Energy conversion efficiencies
Efficiencies of mechanical and
electrical devices (turbines, pumps,
etc…)
Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7
September 12th - First Lecture October
Lecture 4
Properties of Pure Substances
Phases change of a pure substance
Compressed liquid, saturated liquid,
saturated vapour, superheated
vapour
Saturated temperature & pressure
Property diagrams for phase
change processes
Property diagrams, tables Enthalpy
Saturated liquid - vapour mixture
Lecture 5
Worked examples Part 1
Pure Substance phase change
process
Using the property tables and
property diagrams
Phase Change worked example
problems
Critical Point
Vapour States
The Right Tank
Specific Volume
Piston Cylinder
Forms of Energy

14. 0 = 𝑄
·
𝑐𝑣 − 𝑊
·
𝑐𝑣 + 𝑚
·
ℎ2 − ℎ1 +
𝑉2
2
− 𝑉1
2
2
+ 𝑔 𝑧2 − 𝑧1
Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12
November
Lecture 6
Energy Analysis of Closed
Systems
Moving boundary work
Boundary work - isothermal,
constant pressure & polytropic
processes
Energy balance for closed systems
Energy balance - constant pressure
expansion/compression process
Specific heats
Constant - Pres. specific heat, cp
Constant - Volume specific heat, cv
Internal energy, enthalpy and
specific heats of ideal gasses
Lecture 7
Mass & Energy Analysis
of Control Systems
Conservation of mass
Mass balance for steady flow
process and incompressible flow
Flow work & energy of flowing fluid
Energy transport by mass
Energy analysis - steady flow
systems
Steady flow engineering devices
Lecture 9
Second Law of
Thermodynamics
Thermal energy reservoirs
Heat engineers and thermal
efficiency
Kelvin-Planck Statement
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
Co-efficient of Performance (COP)
Class Statement
Perpetual motion machines
Reversible & irreversible processes
Irreversibility’s, internal & externally
reversible
Lecture 10
Introduction to Entropy
Entropy
Clausius inequality
Entropy change of pure substances
Isentropic processes
Property diagrams involving entropy
What is entropy?
Entropy change of liquids and solids
rt 1
ange
and
ample
Internal Energy, Enthalpy and
specific heats of ideal gases
Mass and Volume Flow Rates
Energy Balance applies problems
Flow Work and the energy of a
flowing fluid
Nozzles and diffusers
Heat Exchangers
Turbine and compressors
Throttling valves etc…
Lecture 8
Worked examples Part 2

15. Semester I - Commencing Week 2
Fluids Topic 1 - Introduction & Main Principles
No Slip Condition
Classification of Fluid Flows
Bulk properties of fluids
Streamlines & stream-tubes
Mass continuity
Bernoulli's development (alternative
method)
Energy of a Moving Fluid
Pitot tubes
Derivation of expression for volumetric
flow rate in terms of P1, P2, A1 and A2
Vapour Pressure and Cavitation
Viscosity
Dynamics of a Viscous Fluid
Viscosity Examples
Drag & Lift
Fluids Topic 2
Fluid Discharge and Momentum
Orifices & Mouthpieces
Torricelli's Theorem
Large Orifices
Notches and Weirs
Power of a Stream of Fluid
Newtons Law
Choosing a Control Volume
Forces acting on a Control Volume
Momentum of Momentum equation
Velocity Vectors
Impellers
Fans
Pumps
Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7
September 12th - First Lecture October

16. Fluids Topic 3
Internal Flow and Pumping Systems
Laminar and Turbulent Flows
The Entrance Region
Laminar Flow in Pipes
Turbulent Flow in Pipes
Minor Loses
Major Loses
Piping Networks
Pump Selection
Ageing of Pumps
Fluids Experiments
Experimental Analysis - Ongoing through Semester
Orifices
Review Bernoulli’s
apparatus/Experiment
Flow Around the Bend
Wind Tunnel Aerofoil
Pitot Tubes
Losses in Piping Networks
Centrifugal Pumping (V105)
Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12
November
0.00
2.50
5.00
7.50
10.00
12.50
15.00
17.50
20.00
0 75 150 225 300
Pump
Head
(m)
Volumetric Flow Rate (m^3/hr)

17. Tackling Exam Questions

18. Approach to Solving
Problems
Need to learn how to make better decisions
Ability to identify required solutions will eventually let you
down
Hard to step back after starting on detail
Setting up is key so invest time and effort

19. Create a diagram
representing the problem
Summarises multiple concepts to get the bigger picture
Helps clarify the problem in more detail
Forces questions to be asked
Allows additional information to be added
Provides reference to maintain or regain perspective on the unique
problem being addressed

20. Assumptions
List all assumptions systematically
Review assumptions at end to ensure still reasonable
Tackling the problem
Data
List all known data
Leave Labelled spaces to enter additional values
Identify those needed for solution
Update data list

21. Equations
List any equ. you think maybe of use
Note equ’s applying to only one part of problem
Tick items which equ’s enable you to find
Repeat until find all items needed to solve the problem
Tackling the problem

22. Deriving a solution
Write down full algebraic formula before using values
Write values in same layout as algebraic formula
Write brief description of what you are doing
Add new assumptions to list
Review assumptions to check if still valid
May need to repeat some calculations
Tackling the problem

23. The conversion of energy from one form to another affects the
environment and the air we breathe in many ways, and as a
consequence the study of energy is not complete without
considering its impact on the environment.
ENERGY and the
ENVIRONMENT
KEITH VAUGH - Lecture 1

24. Pollutants emitted during the combustion of fossil
fuels are responsible for smog, acid rain, and
global warming.
Environmental pollution has reached such high
levels that it has become a serious threat to
vegetation, wild life, and human health.

25. Video source: https://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos/0000015d-3cb1-d1cb-a7fd-fcfd49980000
What is global warming, explained
The planet is heating up—and fast.
National Geographic, who created this video has a very good article available online. To find out more
follow this link to the “What is global warming explained” article.

26. Source:

27. Source: https://www.911metallurgist.com/fossil-fuel-production-by-country-mapped/
Research conducted by 911 Metallurgist
Fossil fuel production by country mapped (2016)
These charts and the source data is discussed further on the 911 Metallurgist website. The direct link to the article is located here

28. Source: https://www.911metallurgist.com/fossil-fuel-production-by-country-mapped/
Research conducted by 911 Metallurgist
Fossil fuel production by country mapped (2016)
These charts and the source data is discussed further on the 911 Metallurgist website. The direct link to the article is located here

29. Source: https://www.911metallurgist.com/fossil-fuel-production-by-country-mapped/
Research conducted by 911 Metallurgist
Fossil fuel production by country mapped (2016)
These charts and the source data is discussed further on the 911 Metallurgist website. The direct link to the article is located here

30. Source: https://www.911metallurgist.com/fossil-fuel-production-by-country-mapped/
Research conducted by 911 Metallurgist
Fossil fuel production by country mapped (2016)
These charts and the source data is discussed further on the 911 Metallurgist website. The direct link to the article is located here

31. Source: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/896/earths-city-lights-1994

32. Discussion
ENERGY: An engineers ethical responsibility