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Modes de Conservation
des denrées alimentaires
Préparé par: Kawther MEKNI
Conservation des denrées alimentaires
Kawther MEKNI -TN
La conservation des aliments sert à préserver leur
comestibilité ainsi que leurs qualités nutritives et
organoleptiques (goût, odeur, saveur).
Modes de
conservation
?
❖ Réfrigération
Kawther MEKNI -TN
Froid:
▪ Entre 0 et 5 °C
▪ Ralentissement de l’activité des micro-
organismes
▪ Produits laitiers, fruits, levure
Froid:
• -18 °C
• Arrêt de l’activité des micro-organismes
• Par exemple: fruits, pate à croissants…
❖ Congélation
Pasteuriser
Kawther MEKNI -TN
Stérilisation
Chaleur:
• 63 °C = pasteurisation
• 85 – 95 °C = pasteurisation
haute
• Élimination de certains germes
• Par exemple: lait, crème
Chaleur:
• 100 -155 °C
• Élimination de tous les
germes
• conserves
Chaleur:
• 135 – 155 °C
• élimination de tous les
germes
• Liquides
• Par exemple: lait
Upérisé
❖ Sécher
Kawther MEKNI -TN
Humidité:
▪ Élimination de l’eau par la chaleur
▪ Par exemple: fruits secs
❖ Lyophiliser
Humidité:
▪ Élimination de l’eau par la congélation
▪ Par exemple: café
❖ Confire
Kawther MEKNI -TN
❖ Acidifié
Nourriture:
• Saturation en nourriture
• Confire avec du sucre
• Par exemple: confiture, fruits confits
pH
• Milieu acide, limitation du développement des
micro-organismes
• Saumure, vinaigre
• Fermentation
• Par exemple: cornichons, conservation dans l’alcool
❖ Saler & sécher
Kawther MEKNI -TN
❖ Saler & fermenter ❖ Fermenter & sécher
• Extraction de l’eau
• Augmentation de l’acidité (pH)
• Par exemple: Jambon, cru,
poissons…
• Acidification par la
fermentation et le sel
• Choucroute
• Compote de rave
• Formation des aromes par la
fermentation
• Élimination de l’eau par le
séchage
• Par exemple: la vanille…
Kawther MEKNI -TN
❖ Atmosphère contrôlée
❖ Emballage sous vide
Oxygène:
▪ Destruction des micro-organismes par élimination
de l’air
▪ Micro-organismes anaérobique (vivant sans l’air)
▪ Par exemple: emballage pour stockage de matières
premières
• Remplacement de l’oxygène par autre gaz
• Souvent abaissement de la température
• Par exemple: salades prêtes à l’emploi,
charcuterie tranchée, pommes, ….
❖ Besoin des micro-organismes
Kawther MEKNI -TN
Chaleur:
• Humidité
• Air
• Nourriture
• N’aime pas l’acidité
Remarque:
Il existe aussi d’autres modes de conservation des denrées alimentaires
Kawther MEKNI
Thème: Modes de Conservation des denrées alimentaires
Kawther MEKNI -TN
meknikawther1305@gmail.com

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Modes de conservtion des aliments.pdf

  • 1. Modes de Conservation des denrées alimentaires Préparé par: Kawther MEKNI
  • 2. Conservation des denrées alimentaires Kawther MEKNI -TN La conservation des aliments sert à préserver leur comestibilité ainsi que leurs qualités nutritives et organoleptiques (goût, odeur, saveur). Modes de conservation ?
  • 3. ❖ Réfrigération Kawther MEKNI -TN Froid: ▪ Entre 0 et 5 °C ▪ Ralentissement de l’activité des micro- organismes ▪ Produits laitiers, fruits, levure Froid: • -18 °C • Arrêt de l’activité des micro-organismes • Par exemple: fruits, pate à croissants… ❖ Congélation
  • 4. Pasteuriser Kawther MEKNI -TN Stérilisation Chaleur: • 63 °C = pasteurisation • 85 – 95 °C = pasteurisation haute • Élimination de certains germes • Par exemple: lait, crème Chaleur: • 100 -155 °C • Élimination de tous les germes • conserves Chaleur: • 135 – 155 °C • élimination de tous les germes • Liquides • Par exemple: lait Upérisé
  • 5. ❖ Sécher Kawther MEKNI -TN Humidité: ▪ Élimination de l’eau par la chaleur ▪ Par exemple: fruits secs ❖ Lyophiliser Humidité: ▪ Élimination de l’eau par la congélation ▪ Par exemple: café
  • 6. ❖ Confire Kawther MEKNI -TN ❖ Acidifié Nourriture: • Saturation en nourriture • Confire avec du sucre • Par exemple: confiture, fruits confits pH • Milieu acide, limitation du développement des micro-organismes • Saumure, vinaigre • Fermentation • Par exemple: cornichons, conservation dans l’alcool
  • 7. ❖ Saler & sécher Kawther MEKNI -TN ❖ Saler & fermenter ❖ Fermenter & sécher • Extraction de l’eau • Augmentation de l’acidité (pH) • Par exemple: Jambon, cru, poissons… • Acidification par la fermentation et le sel • Choucroute • Compote de rave • Formation des aromes par la fermentation • Élimination de l’eau par le séchage • Par exemple: la vanille…
  • 8. Kawther MEKNI -TN ❖ Atmosphère contrôlée ❖ Emballage sous vide Oxygène: ▪ Destruction des micro-organismes par élimination de l’air ▪ Micro-organismes anaérobique (vivant sans l’air) ▪ Par exemple: emballage pour stockage de matières premières • Remplacement de l’oxygène par autre gaz • Souvent abaissement de la température • Par exemple: salades prêtes à l’emploi, charcuterie tranchée, pommes, ….
  • 9. ❖ Besoin des micro-organismes Kawther MEKNI -TN Chaleur: • Humidité • Air • Nourriture • N’aime pas l’acidité Remarque: Il existe aussi d’autres modes de conservation des denrées alimentaires
  • 10. Kawther MEKNI Thème: Modes de Conservation des denrées alimentaires Kawther MEKNI -TN meknikawther1305@gmail.com