1.
GlobalismGlobalism
The information Age
Chapter 15
A Moving force in the evolution of
globalism was satellite television, the
internet, and colonialism.

2.
MAYA LIN
THE VIETNAM’S VETERANS MEMORIAL, (1982)
•Names of
the 57,939
Americans
who were
killed in the
Vietnam
War.

3.
End of Colonialism
Mohandas Gandhi
(1869-1948)
Peaceful protests against
colonial oppression
1948 - assassinated - Hindu
fanatic

4.
Racial Equality
Dr. Martin Luther
King Jr. (1929-
1968)
Protestant pastor
and civil rights
activist
Assassinated in
April 4, 1968
Oscar Graves, 1982,
Dr. Martin Luther King
Detroit MI

5.
Betye Saar
Attack on the
icons of
commercial
white culture
political and
social protest
Betye Saar (1926– ), The Liberation of Aunt
Jemima, 1972. Mixed media

6.
Kara Walker
She suggests that
liberation is an
on going process
Kara Walker (1969- ), A Work on Progress,
1998. Cut paper and adhesive, Installation
Kara Walker (1969- ), Slavery! Slavery!, 2000Darkytown Rebellion ,2001

7.
calls attention to the
controversial issue of
abortion in
contemporary society
Gender Equality
Barbara Kruger,
(b.1945)
Barbara Kruger (1945– ), Untitled ("Your body is a battleground"), 1989.
Photographic silkscreen on vinyl

8.
JUDY CHICAGO
THE DINNER PARTY, (1974-1979), 48 x 48 x 48ft.

9.
Sexual Identity
Aids Memorial Quilt,
1996

10.
Gender
Identity
Robert
Mapplethorpe, Lisa
Lyon, 1982
Gender-bending
parody

11.
Ethnic Identity
• Shirin Neshat
rebellious silence
“Women of Allah” 1994
• Ethnic and feminist issues
in the Muslim world.
• Addresses the role of
militant Muslim women
who fought in the 1979
revolution that overthrew
Iran’s ruling dynasty.

12.
Hispanic Voices
 Oscar Hijuelos, Cuban-
American, 1951-2013
The Mambo Kings Play Songs of
Love, 1989
 Sandra Cisneros, Mexican-
American, b. 1954
The House On Mango Street,
1984
 Junot Diaz, Dominican-
American, b. 1968
The Brief Wondrous Life of
Oscar Wao, 2008
Hispanic Voices

13.
Made New York the
center of the art world,
and was often called the
“New York School”.

14.
paint is spontaneously
dripped, splashed or
smeared onto the canvas,
rather then being carefully
applied.
Willem de Kooning- Paris Review
1979
Action Painting
Willem de Kooning, Woman I
1950-1952

15.
“I have no fears
about making
changes, destroying
the image…
because the
painting has a life
of its own.”
Jackson Pollock

16.
Jackson
Pollock
Shimmering
Substance
1946

17.
Jackson Pollock
Enchanted Forest
1947

18.
Jackson Pollock
Lavender Mist
1950

19.
Arshile Gorky - One Year the Milkweed
1944

20.
Mark Rothko
Red, Orange, Tan
and Purple
1949

21.
Once you “got” Pop, you could never
see a sign the same way again. And
once you thought Pop, you could
never see America the same way
again.
--Andy Warhol
late 1950s and 1960s

22.
Pop Artists used bold, flat colors and hard edge
compositions adopted from commercial designs.
Warhol, Campbell's Soup II, 1969, ©
AWF
Warhol, Brillo Soap Pads Box, 1964, ©
AWF

23.
Warhol, Three Coke Bottles, 1962, © AWF
The pioneer figure in pop art
was Andy Warhol.
Warhol, Listerine Bottle, 1963, © AWF

24.
Warhol appropriated (used without permission) images
from magazines, newspapers, and press photos of the
most popular people of his time
Silver Liz [Ferus Type], 1963, © AWF
©2006 Life Inc.
His works explore the relationship between artistic
expression, celebrity culture and advertisement.

25.
Warhol took common everyday items and gave them
importance as “art” He raised questions about the nature
of art:
Knives, 1981, © AWF
What makes one work of art better than another?
Brillo Soap Pads Box, 1964, © AWF

26.
Other Pop Artist: used new technologies and
methods:
Claes Oldenburg, Floor Burger
1962, © Claes Oldenburg

27.
Pop Artists used common images from
everyday culture as their sources.
Roy Lichtenstein, Masterpiece,
1962

28.
Robert Rauschenberg, Retroactive II, 1963

29.
Audrey Flack, Marilyn,
1977, Oil over acrylic on
canvas
Influenced by realism in
photography
“I studied art history, it
was always the
photographs, I never
saw the paintings, they
were in Europe”
Marilyn Monroe –
references to her death
(clocks, hourglass)

30.
Chuck Close, Big Self-Portrait, 1967 –
1968, Acrylic on Canvas (8’11” x 11’2”)
Large Scale Portrait Paintings
based on Photographs

31.
Duane Hanson, Supermarket
Shopper, 1970, Polyester resin
and fiberglass polychromed in oil
with clothing, steel cart, and
groceries
“The subject matter I
like best deals with
the familiar lower and
middle class American
types of today.”

32.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Running Fence (California,
USA), Pink woven synthetic fabric, 1972 - 1976
Environmental art project
Artists claim that the art has no meaning. Their goal is
to create something beautiful and to see the landscape
in a new way.

33.
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1970, Black rock, salt
crystals, earth, red water (Utah, USA)

34.
Keith Haring, Untitled, 1985, Mixed Media on Canvas
Keith Haring (1958-1990) started by
drawing in NY Subways (related to
Grafitti art / Street Art)

35.
Norman Foster, Swiss Rebuilding (30 St. Mary
Axe), London, 2003
First environmentally sustainable skyscraper

36.
Santiago Calatrava, Innovation, Science , and
technology Building, Florida Polytechnic University,
Lakeland, Florida, 2014.

37.
Terrorism
Carolee
Schneermann,
Terminal
Velocity, 2001-
2005

38.
Music
Elvis Presley (1935-1977)
Born, Tupelo, Mississippi
, “That’s All Right Mama”
in July 1954
Rockabilly, retaining
many of the original’s
blues inflections but with
Presley’s high tenor voice
adding a lighter touch

39.
James Brown ( 1933-
2006) born, South
Carolina, raised in
Augustus Georgia.
Singer, songwriter,
dancer, musician,
record producer and
bandleader.
Founder of funk music.
"Godfather of Soul"

40.
Ray Charles (1930-2004)
Born in Albany, Georgia
Raised in
Greenville, Florida
He pioneered
soul music genre during
the 1950s by combining
blues, rhythm and blues,
and gospel styles

41.
Aretha Franklin (1942-2018)
Memphis, Tennessee
"The Queen of Soul”
Franklin began her career
as a child singing gospel at
New Bethel Baptist Church
in Detroit, Michigan, where
her father C. L. Franklin was
minister.

42.
The Beatles, British
group, 1960’s
John Lennon,
Paul McCartney,
George Harrison and
Ringo Starr
Liverpool, London
sound rooted in skiffle, beat
and 1950s rock and roll
often incorporated elements
of classical music, older pop
forms, and unconventional
recording techniques

43.
Bob Dylan (b. 1941)
Hibbing, Minnesota
His lyrics incorporated a
wide range of political,
social, philosophical,
and literary influences
artist

44.
Dance
Merce
Cunningham
(1919-2009)
John Cage
Body-sculptures
Pilobolus Dance Theater, 2004

45.
The End!!

46.
American Precursors to ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

47.
 In western art, for the
first forty years of the
20th
century, the further
you were away from
Paris, meant the
further you were from
the art world.
American art was far
from cutting edge. It
evolved sluggishly from
historical paintings to
landscapes and
agricultural genre
scenes.
 Flashes of brilliance
did occur here and
there and the artists
that provided these
flashes were very
influential in what was
to be the art movement
that changed the
epicenter of the art
world firmly from Paris
to New York.
George Bellows, Stag at Sharkey’s,
1909
Oil on Canvas
36 1/4x48 ¼”
The Cleveland Museum of Art,

48.
Thomas Hart Benton
 He considered
himself to be a
“Regionalist” artist.
His work seems to
be highly influenced
by Baroque. An
Illinois native, he
painted his live in
the Navy and daily
life in the ship yards
of Norfolk VA. This
lead to epic scenes
filled with many
workers and lots of
machinery.
Cut the Line 1944
I really wanted to find a size for this, but couldn’t… :(

49.
 Benton hated Avante Garde art. He didn’t like anything that
was going on in Europe and considered himself very
conservative amongst some of his peers in the art world.
Eventually became the teacher of Jackson Pollock.
Wreck of
the Ol’ 97
Train
1943 29x46”

50.
American
Social
Realism
American
Realism came
from a
backlash
American
Impressionism,
many artist
wanted their
art to represent
their current
day America.
Thomas Pollock
Anshutz
The Ironworkers
Noontime
1880
Oil on Canvas
Robert Henri was a teacher out of PAFA (Penn
Academy of Fine Arts, Phila) who, with some other
friends, started the Ash Can School. This was a group
of painters who wanted their paintings to be ‘realistically
ugly’. Street scenes and realistic urban landscapes
were a cornerstone for this movement. Above is a
painting by a teacher of Henri’s named Thomas

51.
Ash Can School
Everett
Shinn,
The
Fight
Robert Henri, Snow in New York
George
Bellows,
Cliff
Dwellers,
1913

52.
John French Sloan
"Six o'clock, Winter" 1912
The Ash Can argued
that ‘life is beautiful,
this is what life
actually looks like.’

53.
Edward Hopper
Rooftops 1926
12x19
Watercolor on paper
Hopper, a realist and another member of the
Ash Can School is easily the most famous
member to come out of the movement.
Hoppers early work was in American
Impressionism, but later, his palette darkened
and he became intrigued with indoor painting
and urban realism.

54.
Nighthawks,1942
New York Movie
1939
Automat
Hopper

55.
What it is…
Abstract Expressionism is a
painting movement in which artists typically
applied paint rapidly, and with force to their huge
canvases in an effort to show feelings and
emotions.
non-geometrically, sometimes applying paint with
large brushes, and looks as if to be an accident but
is really quite planned.

56.
European artists began
moving to America
during WW II.
The main result of the
new American
fascination with
Surrealism was the
emergence of Abstract
Expressionism.
Produced in New York
roughly between 1940-
1960.
Jackson Pollack
Ocean Greyness
1953
History…

57.
Arshile Gorky was the artist to put this movement
into motion, because his art ideals were obtained
from Surrealism, Picasso, and Miro.
Emphasized the depiction of emotion’s
rather then objects.
Paintings consisted of shapes, lines, and
forms meant to create a separate reality
from the visual world.

58.
“What was to go on the canvas was not
a picture, but an event.”
Critic- Harold Rosenberg
Hans
Hoffman
Rising
Moon

59.
European Influence
European Surrealists obtained their notion of the
unconscious mind, from Sigmund Freud.
Many Americans at this time, derived Carl Jung’s
theory- the “collective unconscious” holds that
beneath ones private memories, is a store house of
feeling and symbolic thoughts.
With all the European influence, Abstract
Expressionists sought universal themes within
themselves.

60.
Jackson Pollock
(1912-1956)
Influenced by Mexican muralist painters, and
Surrealism.
Canvases were usually on the floor, or the wall
where he dripped or poured on the paint.
Used knives, sticks, or towels instead of
brushes.
Occasionally putting sand, broken glass, or
other matter, into his paintings.
Resulted in direct expression and “Action
Painting”.

61.
3 Factors in work of the
1940’s
Intense childhood memories of
Armenia, prime subject matter.
Growing interest in Surrealism.
Many discussion with colleagues
about Jungian ideas.
Jungian analysis is a specialized form
of psychotherapy in which the Jungian
analyst and patient work together to
increase the patient’s consciousness in
order to move toward psychological
balance and wholeness.
Arshile Gorky (1904-1948)

62.
Waterfall- Arshile
Gorky (1943)
•The unstructured
shapes, and drips
of paint hint at the
fluidity of the
Waterfall.

63.
Willem de Kooning
A pioneer in Abstract
Expressionism.
Tried to capture energy
and emotion through
Action Painting.
Alternated between
abstract and figural
painting.
Blended traditional
forms, with a sense of
uncertainty.

64.
Willem de Kooning
Pink Angels
1945

65.
Willem de Kooning
Black Friday
1948

66.
Willem de
Kooning
Women III
1952

67.
Willem de Kooning, Excavation, 1950

68.
Franz Kline
(1910-1962)
His works around
1946 had a Cubist
structure, or were
abstract.
Around 1950, he
made large
calligraphic paintings
in black and white.
In 1958, Kline
introduced color in
some of his works.

69.
Franz Kline
Figure Eight
1952

70.
Franz Kline
New York, N.Y.
1952

71.
Franz Kline
Untitled
1958

72.
Color Field Painting
The Second Type of Abstract Expressionism
paintings.
Paintings with solid area of color covering the
whole canvas.
Meant to be seen up close, so the viewer is
immersed in color.

73.
Mark Rothko
(1903-1970)
Asymmetrical blocks
of color, and painted
the edges of his
canvases, then
displayed them
without frames.
Titles were
unimaginative
leaving the
interpretation up to
the viewer.

74.
Mark Rothko
Orange and Red on Red
1957

75.
Kenneth Noland
(1924-2010)
First to stain
canvases with
thinned paints.
Appeared as pure and
saturated color.
Made concentric
rings, and parallels,
in relation to the size
of the canvas.

76.
Kenneth Noland
Heat
1958

77.
Kenneth
Noland
Back and Front
1960

78.
Sculptures
David Smith is one of the most famous Abstract
Expressionism sculptor’s
He created large, steel geometric sculptors
His motivations were similar to that of the painters
His most famous sculptors are his Cubi series

79.
David Smith
Cubi XIX
1964

80.
What it Influenced
Created a whole new way to look at art
Influenced later art movements
Pop Art
Minimalism
Tachisme

81.
The art world today reflects many of the ideas, methods and
materials initiated by the Pop Art movement.
Barbara Kruger, Untitled, 1991
Courtesy: Mary Boone Gallery, NY
In Untitled, 1991, Barbara Kruger
uses the iconography of the
American flag and hard edge
graphics to pose a series of
provocative questions about
American cultural values.
In Rabbit, 1986, artist Jeff Koons cast
a mass-produced inflatable Easter
bunny in highly polished stainless
steel. The sculpture became iconic of
art in the 1980s.
Jeff Koons, Rabbit,
1986, © Jeff Koons

82.
New realism (Super-realism)
American Art Movement in late 1960’s – 1970’s
Extension of Pop Art (similar subjects, but different style)
Highly detailed and realistic (sometimes called
Photorealism)

83.
Site-specific Art / Environmental Art
Progressive Movement developed in the 1960’s in USA
Increased concerns about environment (pollution, litter,
urban sprawl
Challenges traditional assumptions about art

84.
Neo-Expressionism
Movement in 1980’s inspired by German Expressionists
and Abstract Expressionists
Reintroduced human feeling back into art

85.
Large scale painting
Thick, encrusted surface
(highly textured)
Re-examination of
German History
“Nigredo” means black
(symbolic meaning)
Anselm Kiefer, Nigredo,
1984, Mixed media
(including natural
materials – straw and
lead) on paper (11’ x 18’)

86.
Francesco
Clemente,
Francesco
Clemente, Oil on
Canvas, 1985
Clemente’s work
draws inspiration
from Expressionism
and Surrealism
Self-Portrait
Two sides of
personality / “inner
self”
Francesco interested
in connection of art
to spirituality

87.
Post-Pop
American artists in 1980’s still influenced by Pop Art from
the 1960’s
Consumerism and Popular culture
Humor

88.
Jeff-Koons, Pink
Panther, 1988,
Porcelain
sculpture
Magazine
centerfold with
well-known
cartoon character
Commercialism /
Consumerism
Kitsch (bad taste)
“everything wrong
with
contemporary
American society”

89.
Keith Haring in his
“Pop Shop”
in New York City

90.
Adidas shoe with Keith Haring designs

91.
Joseph Beuys, How to
Explain Pictures to a Dead
Hare, 1965, Performance
art
Performance art
Sacred ritual
“the condition of
modern humanity”
Head coated with
honey and covered
with gold leaf
(spiritual power)

92.
Laurie Anderson,
O Superman,
1985,
Performance Art
Anderson wrote
music and lyrics
Experimentation
with sound (electric
violin and
synthesized voice)
Feminist art
combining
elements of pop
art, pop music,
World music, dada

93.
Montri Toemsombat,
Performance, 2003,
Performance at the Venice
Biennale (Italy)
Art inspired by
Buddhism
Critical of Thai
culture
(materialism)
Ritul / Meditation
Literally wearing
text (text on
clothing, text
and tattoos)
Artist is
interested in
relationship of
fashion to art

94.
Technology and Art
Video, Digital Imagery
Artists started experimenting with video in 1960’s
Looking at an image in a video monitor / screen (related to
Renaissance idea of looking through a frame into a picture)
Element of time

95.
Origins
Artists began
experimenting with
video since the
invention of the
television.
Wolf Vostell was the
first artists to include
working television sets
in his 1959 assemblage
“Deutscher Ausblick.”
Wolf Vostell, Deutscher
Ausblick, 1959. Click on
image or copy link to view.
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=KJq9eh6QsBg

96.
History
Andy Warhol and Nam
June Paik were the
pioneers of the Video Art
movement.
Warhol created films in his
factory using 8mm, 16mm
cameras and screened
them for friends.
Warhol's films included
were “Sleep”, “Eat”,
“Empire”, and “Chelsea
Girls” which are now
considered part of the
genre. Andy Warhol

97.
History
With the invention of
the Sony Portapak in
1965, the first portable
video recorder, artists
were able to instantly
record visual ideas for
their work.
Sony Portapak
1965

98.
History
Nam June Paik (1932-
2006) was one of the
first artist to obtain a
portapak, and created
the first video art piece
titled “Electronic Video
Recorder”.
Nam June

99.
Well-known Korean-born
video artist who moved to
New York
Experimented with
electronic music
(collaborated with Japanese
artist)
“Time collage” combining
painting, music, Eastern
philosophy, global politics,
technology, etc.
Nam June
Paik, Global
Groove,
1973, Video
Still

100.
Video Art Versus Film Making
Video Art before the digital age could be recorded and
played back instantly. Where film once it was shot
had to be developed then edited.
Video art does not need actors, dialogue, or plot.
The video artist is concerned with exploring the
medium itself, or to use it to challenge the viewer's
ideas of space, time and form.

101.
Jenny Holzer, Protect Me
From What I Want, 1988,
LED Electronic Signboard
(Times Square, New York
City)
Social
Consciousness
Uses
advertising
format to deliver
messages
Art in Public
Spaces

102.
JENNY HOLZER
PROTECT ME FROM WHAT I WANT, (1986)

103.
Bill Viola, The
Crossing, 1996,
Sound / Video
Installation
Slow motion
video with fire
and water (the
elements)
Relationship to
Religion (Viola
interested in
World
Religions)

104.
Existentialism
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
Basic premise: the idea that existence precedes
essence, that one’s material being exists prior to and
independent of any intrinsic factors.
Each individual is the sum of his or her actions.
Condemned to be free, each individual bears the over
-whelming burden of total responsibility.
Being and Nothingness 1943

105.
The Cold War
Berlin Wall – divided East and West Germany
Korean War (1905-1953)– divided North and South
Korea, Soviet Union and United States, 3 million
Koreans died, mostly civilians
Vietnam War (1964-1973)- 50 thousand Americans
died, 15 million Vietnamese died, US withdrew and
communist Vietnam was established.
Collapse of Soviet Union and the fall of the Berlin
Wall 1989.

106.
Art and Society
Art as a social tool used to help change society
Social and Political issues
Art by and for minorities (issues of gender, race,
sexuality)

107.
Gender Equality
Germaine Greer (1939-) The Obstacle Race: The
Fortunes of Women Painters and their work (1979)
She explains the scarcity of women artists:
There is……no female Leonardo, no female Titian, no
female Poussin, but the reason does not lie in the fact
that women have wombs, that they can have babies,
that their brains are smaller, that they lack vigor, that
they are not sensual. The reason is simple that you
cannot make great artists out of egos that have been
damaged, with wills that are defective, with libidos that
have been driven out of reach and energy diverted into
neurotic channels.

108.
Cindy Sherman,
Untitled Film Still
#35, 1979, Black-and-
white photograph
Sherman plays different roles
in her photographs (dressed in
costume) -
Not a Self-Portrait
Feminism - Questions how
women have been portrayed
in movies, photography, art
Photography shows the
shutter release cable on the
floor (artist took her own
photograph)

109.
Barbara Kruger,
Untitled (I Shop
Therefore I Am),
1987,
Photographic
silkscreen on vinyl
Look of Advertising
(Kruger worked as a
graphic designer before
becoming an artist)
Deceptiveness of
Media’s messages
“I think, therefore I
am” - Philosophical
statement by Descartes

110.
ALL VIOLENCE IS THE ILLUSTRATION OF A PATHETIC
STEREOTYPE, (1991)
BARBARA KRUGER

111.
String Theory
Brian Greene (b.1962) describes a multidimensional universe
in which loops of strings and oscillating globules of matter
unite all of creation into vibrational patterns.
Chaos Theory
Finds that universal patterns underlie all of nature and
repeat themselves in physical phenomena ranging from the
formation of a snowflake to the rhythms of the human heart.
Human Genome
By the year 2000, molecular biologists were able to ascertain
the order of nearly three billion units of DNA.
Language Theory
Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), that all forms of
expression and all truths in are dominated by the modes of
language used to convey ideas.

112.
The Pop artists moved away
from Abstract Expressionism
which was the “in” style of art
in the 50s. The Abstract
Expressionist evoked
emotions, feelings and ideas
through formal elements such
as:
• Line
• Color
• Shape
• Form
• Texture
Jackson Pollock, Number 4, 1950
Carnegie Museum of Art;
Gift of Frank R. S. Kaplan/©ARS

113.
Warhol used the repetition of media events
to critique and reframe cultural ideas
through his art
Jackie paintings, 1964, © AWF

114.
•
Andy Warhol, Brillo
Boxes installation,

115.
Pop artists stretched the definitions of what art could
be and how it can be made.
“The Pop idea, after all, was that anybody
could do anything, so naturally we were all
trying to do it all…” ---Andy Warhol
photo by Hervé Gloaguen