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• Sir Usman
PervaizPRESENTED TO:
• Kamran Asad
L1F12BSEE2076PRESENTED BY:
Topic: Wind Turbine

3. • A wind turbine is a device that
converts kinetic energy from the wind
,into mechanical energy , also
called wind energy; a process known
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as wind power. If the mechanical energy is used to produce
electricity, the device may be called a wind turbine or wind power
plant

4. • The first automatically operated wind
turbine, built in Cleveland in 1887 by
Charles F. Brush. It was 60 feet (18 m)
tall, weighed 4 tons (3.6 metric tones) and
powered a 12 kW generator.
• The first megawatt-capacity wind turbine
in the USA, in 1941.
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5. Parts of a Wind Turbine
Nacelle
56 tons
Tower
3 sections
Blade
112’ long
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6. •Anemometer: Measures the wind speed
and transmits wind speed data to the
controller.
•Blades: Most turbines have either two or
three blades. Wind blowing over the blades
causes the blades to "lift" and rotate.
•Brake: A disc brake, which can be applied
mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to
stop the rotor in emergencies.
Part of
Wind turbine
•Controller: The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of
about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at
about 55 mph.
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7. Gear box: Gears connect the low-speed
shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase
the rotational speeds from about 30 to 60
rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to
1800 rpm, the rotational speed required by
most generators to produce electricity.
Generator: Usually an Induction generator
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Is used that produces 60-cycle AC electricity. High-speed shaft:
Drives the generator. Low-speed shaft: The rotor turns the low-
speed shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minute.
Part of
Wind turbine

8. •Nacelle: The nacelle placed at top the tower and
contains the gear box, low- and high-speed
shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Some
nacelles are large enough for a helicopter to land
•Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the
wind to control the rotor speed and keep the rotor
from turning in winds that are too high or too low
to produce electricity.
•Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the rotor.
•Tower: Towers are made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, or
steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers
enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity
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Part of
Wind turbine

9. •Wind direction: According to wind direction
there is two types of turbine upwind or
downwind turbine, upwind is operates facing
into the wind and downwind turbine is facing
away from the wind .
•Wind vane: Measures wind direction and
communicates with the yaw drive to orient
the turbine properly with respect to the wind.
Yaw drive: Upwind turbines face into the
wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the
wind direction changes. Downwind turbines don't require a yaw drive,
the wind blows the rotor downwind.
•Yaw motor: Powers the yaw drive
Part of
Wind turbine
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10. Types of wind turbine
HAWT: Horizontal Axis VAWT: Vertical Axis 10

11. How does it works??
• A wind turbine works the opposite of
a fan. Instead of using electricity to
make wind, like a fan, wind turbines
use wind to make electricity. The
wind turns the blades, which spin a
shaft, which connects to a generator
and makes electricity.
• Wind turbines can be used to
produce electricity for a single home
or building, or they can be
connected to an electricity grid
(shown here) for more widespread
electricity distribution
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13. Types of Electricity Generating Windmills
Small ( 10 kW)
• Homes
• Farms
• Remote Applications
(e.g. water pumping,
telecom sites, ice
making)
Large (250 kW - 2+MW)
• Central Station Wind Farms
• Distributed Power
Intermediate
(10-250 kW)
• Village Power
• Hybrid Systems
• Distributed Power
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Suitable location
• To be considered a good location for
wind energy, an area needs to have
average annual wind speeds of at
least 12 miles per hour.
• Brockport:
– 14.5-15.7 mph (6.0-6.5 m/s)
• Offshore:
– 16-20.1 mph (7.5-9 m/s)
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15. Advantages of Wind Power
• Wind turbines do not produce any
waste, greenhouse gases, toxins or
by-products that can harm the
environment
• No air pollution
• Wind farms can be built offshore
• A good method of supplying energy
to remote areas
• Land beneath wind turbines can be
used for farming and grazing.
• Wind turbines require no fuel.
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16. Disadvantage of Wind turbine
• Cost high.
• Wind turbines are noisy.
• Usually large and clear location is used for wind turbine.
• High maintenance.
• Power density is very low.
• Needs a very large number of wind mills to produce
modest amounts of power.
• Harm for birds.
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17. Transmission
• A group of wind turbines can
make electricity for the utility
grid.
• The electricity is sent through
transmission and distribution
lines to
homes, businesses, schools, an
d so on.
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18. Large Wind Turbines
• 450’ base to blade
• Each blade 112’
• Span greater than 747
• 163+ tons total
• Foundation 20+ feet deep
• Rated at 1.5 – 5 megawatt
• Supply at least 350
homes
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19. Information
• Efficiency varies by machine
~ 40% of wind collected will be turned into electricity
• The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from
the sun
• About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind
energy (which is about 50-100 times more than the energy
converted to biomass by all plants on earth
• Pakistan is developing wind power plants in Jhimpir, Bin
Qasim , Keti Bandar and Gharo in Sindh.
• At 15° Celsius air weighs about 1.225 kg per cubic meter, but
the density decreases slightly with increasing humidity.
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20. Wind Turbines (flights of fancy)
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