World War II began in 1935 as Germany and Japan aggressively expanded their territories in violation of treaties from World War I. Adolf Hitler instituted a military buildup in Germany and remilitarized the Rhineland, alarming other European nations. Germany then annexed Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia, showing that the policy of appeasement was emboldening German aggression. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Britain and France declared war, marking the start of World War II in Europe. Japan also aggressively expanded in Asia, invading Manchuria in 1931 and engaging in a full-scale war with China from 1937. In 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into the war against Germany and Japan. Over

1. World War II
1935 CE – 1946 CE

2. Chapter 26: Section 1, Paths to War
Aggressive moves by Germany and Japan set the stage for World War II. In 1935 Adolf Hitler
began a massive military buildup and instituted a draft, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. In
1936, Hitler sent German troops into the Rhineland which alarmed France, but neither France
nor Britain responded with force. In 1936, Germany and Italy became allies, as did Germany
and Japan. Germany annexed Austria in 1938. Appeasement of Germany peaked at the
Munich Conference where Hitler claimed he sought only one
final territory, the Czech Sudetenland and Britain and France
agreed to Hitler's demands. This soon proved false as Hitler
continued his invasions. When Hitler signed the
Nonaggression Pact with Stalin and invaded Poland, Britain
and France declared war on Germany. Japanese expansion
into Manchuria and northern China brought condemnation
from the League of Nations. Japan was at war with China. In
December 1937 Japan destroyed Nanjing and massacred
100,000 civilians and prisoners of war. Next, Japan was
rebuked by the United States for its efforts to exploit
resources in French Indochina.

3. Chapter 26: Section 1, Paths to War
1st Steps New Alliances Union Demands & Great Britain & France Hitler & the Soviets
w/Austria Appeasement React
Hitler formed a new Air Hitler & 1938 - Hitler September 15th, The Munich Conference Hitler met with
Force, then built the Mussolini forced 1938, Hitler showed Hitler that the Stalin(USSR), Aug
army from 100k-550k (Italy) wanted Austrian demanded the leaders were weak and 23, 1939 Nazi-
soldiers (other to create a new Chancellor to Sudetenland and would not fight him, so, he Soviet
countries were Roman Empire. put Nazis in at the Munich took over Czechoslovakia. Nonaggression
distracted by the 10/1935 Italy charge of the Conference, Great Britain realized the Pact. They agreed
Depression). 3/7/36 invaded government. leaders Hitler could not be trusted not to attack each
Hitler sent troops to the Ethiopia. Both Germany ‘appeased’ him so negotiations began with other. Stalin took
Rhineland . Germany Helped Franco controlled by allowing him Stalin (USSR) and Great Eastern Poland,
was NOT supposed to in the Spanish Austria by to occupy that Britain. Hitler could have
be there or do any of Civil war. March 13th, land. the rest. Sept. 1,
these things according Roman-Berlin 1938. 1939, Hitler
to the Treaty of Axis became an attacked Poland,
Versailles at the end of alliance the beginning of
WWI. between Italy & WWII in Europe.
Great Britain & France Germany.
could attack, but
decided on
‘appeasement,” which
is a diplomatic policy
aimed at avoiding war
by making concessions
to an aggressor

4. Chapter 26: Section 1, Paths to War
War with China The New Asian Order
1931, Japan attacked China (in Manchuria) to take natural Under Japan’s control, the New Asian Order would unite
resources. Japanese soldiers were disguised as Chinese. Manchuria, China and Japan. Japan began to work with the
Though the League of Nations investigated, the Japanese Nazis to attack the Soviets, but Nazi’s signed a Non
kept a strong hold on the area. China worried about Aggression Pact with USSR. The US threatened sanctions
Communists to the West and Japanese to the East. (restrictions intended to enforce law), Japan did not want to
“Appeasement” began with Japan, but in 1937, Japan risk losing US products, but decided to attack Southeast Asia
declared war on China and seized Nanjing. & with US and European colonies.

5. World War II
Section 2

6. Chapter 26: Section 2, The Course of World War II
• Hitler was incredibly successful at the beginning of the war. German forces swept
through central and northern Europe early in the war. After Germany occupied
three-fourths of France, Hitler set up the Vichy government in France.
• Meanwhile, the United States followed a policy of isolationism. German air
attacks on Great Britain resulted in fierce British retaliation.
• In the east, harsh weather and a resolute Soviet Union defeated an invading
German army.
• The Japanese conquered the Pacific but miscalculated when they attacked the
U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor. The United States surprised Japan by abandoning
its neutrality and entering the war to retake the Pacific.
• By the end of 1943, the tide had turned against Germany, Italy, and Japan.
• After the invasion of Normandy, the Allies liberated Paris and defeated Germany.
• The war in Asia continued until the United States dropped atomic bombs on the
Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing massive casualties and
bringing Japan's surrender.

7. Chapter 26: Section 2, The Course of World War II
Axis Powers:
Germany, Italy &
Japan Which
countries
had the
Allied Powers: most
United Kingdom battles?
(N.Ireland, Wales, Scotland,
England), USA,
Soviet
Union(USSR), Most
of the major cities
damaged by war
were found in
Germany and
England.

8. Chapter 26: Section 2, The Course of World War II
Hitler’s early Victories Battle of Britain Attack on the Soviet Union
Blitzkrieg = lightning war. Luftwaffe=German Air Hitler did not want a two
After the slow trench warfare Force front war, but he thought the USSR
of WWI, Hitler knew that was supplying Great Britain. Hitler
In August 1940, Germany tried to attack the USSR, but was
fighting fast was the key to attacked Great Britain from the delayed in his attack AND he
winning, with his ‘Panzer’ air; they attacked not just attacked a large front 800 miles
divisions of 300 tanks, he was military targets, but civilian. long. Hitler did not study
able to move quickly. April 9, The British people were Napoleon’s problems of invading
1940 (after dividing Poland with resilient to the attacks. The Russia and the early winter and
USSR) Hitler attacked Denmark British used blackout paper to fierce Soviet Resistance halted the
& Norway. Then 5/7/40 he German advance.
block light from their windows,
attacked the Netherlands, and used the subway stations
Belgium & France. Hitler as bomb shelters during
attacked France in an German raids.
unexpected way so France
signed an armistice on June 22.
France was now occupied by
Germany. The US denounced
Hitler, but did not enter the
fight.

9. Chapter 26: Section 2, The Course of World War II
Japan in the Pacific
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor on
Dec. 7th, 1941, This is a military
base in Hawaii, on the island of
Oahu. This was before Hawaii
became a state. On the same
day, the Japanese also attacked
Philippines and the British
colony of Malaya. By the spring
of 1942, Japan controlled all of
Southeast Asia & much of the
western Pacific. Japan now
declared Greater East-Asia
Prosperity Sphere.

10. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor is a deep water
harbor that could hold large
battle ships close to shore.
That and its location in the
Pacific were reasons why the
US used this port.

11. Chapter 26: Section 2, The Course of World War II
Island
Hopping
was the
term used
to describe
the US
advance
across the
Pacific to
gain control
over
Japan’s
hold on the
many
islands.

12. Chapter 26: Section 2, The Course of World War II
Allies Advance Last Years of the War
European Theater Asian Theater European Theater Asian Theater
The Big 3: The leaders of By 1942 the battle in the Africa had fallen, so the President Roosevelt died in
Great Britain, Winston East also started to change. Americans attacked Italy April 1945 (He had Polio
Churchill, US, Franklin D. By May 7th, 1942 through the island of Sicily. and could not walk) Harry
Roosevelt, and USSR, Americans stopped the Mussolini was removed Truman became President;
Joseph Stalin, decided to Japanese and saved from office by the Italians. was developing an atomic
fight until Germany and Australia from invasion. Germany controlled parts weapon. He used the
Japan surrendered. Hitler On June 4th, the Battle of of Italy until June 4, 1944. bombs on Hiroshima Aug
saw victories in North Midway Island US planes The Allies (UK, US & USSR) 6,1945 and Nagasaki Aug
Africa, but by the fall of destroyed 4 attacking had a plan to attack 9th. Thousands of civilians
1942 Rommel (Hitler’s Japanese aircraft carriers, Germany through France. died and the cities were
leader in Africa) had to this defeated the Japanese D-Day was June 6, 1944 leveled. Japan
retreat. Hitler wanted to navy and established US U.S. General Dwight surrendered V-J Day Aug
attack the USSR in superiority in the Pacific. Eisenhower landed in 14th, 1945.
Stalingrad By 1942 Douglas McArthur Normandy, France. 2 mil.
was in charge of US troops were there within 3 50,000,000 people died
operations in the Pacific. months. By January, 1945 during the war.
Hitler moved into his
bunker 55 ft under ground.
May 7, 1945, V-E Day
Victory in Europe was
achieved.

13. Chapter 26
Section 3
World War II

14. Chapter 26: Section 3, The New Order & the Holocaust
To further their war effort and Hitler's plans for Aryan expansion, First they came for the
the Nazis forced millions of people to resettle in Germany as forced communists,speak out
and I didn’t
laborers. No aspect of the Nazi New Order was more terrifying than because I wasn’t a
the deliberate attempt to exterminate the Jews. As part of the Nazis' communist.
Final Solution, Jews were locked into cramped, unsanitary ghettos Then they came for the
socialists,
or forced to dig their own mass graves before being killed. When and I didn’t speak out
this proved too slow for the Nazis, they transported Europe's Jews because I wasn’t a socialist.
to death camps where they were starved, worked to death, sent to Then they came for the
die in gas chambers, or subjected to cruel "medical experiments". trade unionists,
and I didn’t speak out
The Nazis killed approximately six million Jews and nine to ten because I wasn’t a trade
million non-Jewish people. unionist.
Japan showed little respect for the peoples it conquered in Then they came for me, and
Southeast Asia in its effort to secure industrial markets and raw there was no one left to
speak for me.
materials. Japanese treatment of prisoners of war was equally
What do you think this poem
harsh. Japan professed a commitment to ending Western means? In the part that
colonialism, but the brutality of the Japanese convinced many says, “Then they came for
me…” how would you
Asians to resist Japanese occupation. describe ‘you’ that would
make them want to ‘come’
for?

15. Chapter 26: Section 3, The New Order & the Holocaust
Resettlement in the East Slave Labor in Germany: Hitler’s use of the Swastika
Hitler had many To accomplish Hitler’s vision, The swastika is an extremely powerful symbol. The Nazis used
prejudices and not all laborers were needed. By it to murder millions of people, but for centuries it had
were associated with 1944, 7,000,000 European positive meanings.
Judaism. To the east, in workers were forced into The Oldest Known Symbol
Poland, the Nazi’s felt labor. To put this into The swastika is an ancient symbol that has been used for over
that the Slavic people perspective over 300 years, 3,000 years. Artifacts such as pottery and coins from ancient
(Czech, Polish, Serbo- covering 2 continents there Troy show that the swastika was a commonly used symbol as
Croation, Slovene & were 12 million slaves in the ‘ far back as 1000 BCE.
Ukrainian) were also Americas’. Hitler had more In 1920, Adolf Hitler decided that the Nazi Party needed its
inferior. Himmler, leader own insignia and flag. For Hitler, the new flag had to be "a
than half that in just 2 years.
of the secret police or SS, symbol of our own struggle" as well as "highly effective as a
poster." On August 7, 1920, at the Salzburg Congress, the red
was assigned the task of
flag with a white circle and black swastika became the official
moving these people out
emblem of the Nazi Party.
and moving German, In Mein Kampf, Hitler described the Nazis' new flag: "In red
Aryans, in. The Germans we see the social idea of the movement, in white the
wanted to “colonize” nationalistic idea, in the swastika the mission of the struggle
these areas. Himmler for the victory of the Aryan man, and, by the same token, the
stated that 30,000,000 victory of the idea of creative work, which as such always has
Slavs could die to achieve been and always will be
this. anti-Semitic." Because of the
Nazis' flag, the swastika soon
became a symbol of hate, anti-
Semitism, violence, death, and
murder.

16. Chapter 26: Section 3, The New Order & the Holocaust
The Death Camps The Death Toll Children at War
(look at the next two maps) 6,000,000 Jews died Children were moved around,
Hitler’s FINAL SOLUTION was 1.2 million were children away from parents. Sometimes to
genocide, the physical 10,000,000 non-Jews died, protect them and other times to
extermination of an entire race, in including the Roma, or gypsies, kill them. In England, 6 million
this case, Jews. Heydrich was and Slavic peoples. were moved out of cities. (The
placed in charge of the Final book, The Lion, The Witch and The
Solution. The Einsatzgruppen These are CIVILIANS or non- Wardrobe shows this) Many
carried out the Nazi plans. In combat deaths. Some of whom young teenagers fought on both
Poland, Jews were first placed in were considered German citizens sides.
ghettos, to starve out. Then, they prior to Hitler.
became mobile killing units. Mass
executions with mass graves.
Approx. 1,000,000 Jews were killed
this way, which was too slow for
the Nazis.
Camps were built to kill Jews faster
and in larger amounts. Auschwitz
is one of the most well known.
Some were experimented on
before being killed
It is difficult to explain all of these
horrors in such a short amount of
time in World History Class. Please
research this topic.

17. Chapter 26: Section 3, The New Order & the Holocaust

18. Chapter 26: Section 3, The New Order & the Holocaust
The ‘death camps’
were located in
Poland
Which country had the most
concentration camps?

19. PLEASE: visit these
sites for these
Holocaust
Museums. There is
more to see.
http://www.ushmm.org/
http://www.lamoth.org/
https://www.hmh.org/

20. Chapter 26: Section 3, The New Order & the Holocaust
Japanese Policies Japanese Behavior
Many locals in the many countries of Southeast Asia At first, the countries of Southeast Asia thought that
agreed with the Japanese because these locals were removing colonial rule from American and European
tired of colonial rule (powers from America or Europe powers might benefit them and believed the Japanese
controlling them) Japan was supposed to give power rhetoric of being a large Asian power together.
to the anti-colonialists, but the Japanese military had Japanese military were largely in control of local
the real power. governments though and the Japanese felt the locals
were inferior. They made them bow towards Tokyo
and recognize the emperor as being divine. Many
people were killed or forced into labor.
AGAIN: This is just scratching the surface. Please
research further.
Chinese being
buried alive
by the
Japanese.

21. Chapter 26
Section 4
World War II

22. Chapter 26: Section 4, Home Front & Aftermath of War
• Section 4 Home Front and Aftermath of War
World War II reached almost every area of the world, and mobilization for war brought widespread
suffering and even starvation. The war caused about 20 million civilian deaths.
• The Soviet Union won the war by using its income for war materials; there were food and housing
shortages.
• The United States, which did not fight the war on its own territory, sent its forces to fight and
produced much of the military equipment for the Allies.
• Segregation in the U.S. military later led African-Americans to demand civil rights.
• Racism and suspicion led to the wartime internment of more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans.
• Nazi Germany did not cut customer goods or raise military production until after the first two years
of the war. Total mobilization of the economy did not come until July 1944, which was too late to
save Germany from defeat.
• Wartime Japan was a highly mobilized society. Calls for sacrifice led some Japanese pilots, known as
kamikazes, to serve in suicide missions against U.S. ships.
• The bombing of cities by the Allied and Axis powers destroyed buildings and cost hundreds of
thousands of lives including civilians.
• U.S. President Harry Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph
Stalin, the Big Three, met at Yalta to plan the post-war world.
• After the war, ideological conflict between the West and the Soviet Union resulted in the Cold War.

23. Chapter 26: Section 4, Home Front & Aftermath of War
Mobilization of People
USSR USA Germany Japan
900-day siege caused The war was not fought directly on its June 1944, schools, theaters & cafes The Japanese
territory. It made 6 ships per day and were closed. Women were not called
people to eat dogs. 1.5 96,000 planes per year. We call
culture, as an island
into the work force in Germany as
mil. died. Entire these people, “the Greatest culture, was called
they were in other fighting countries.
factories were Generation” because they fought not
Women were looked at differently. upon to make great
dismantled and moved for fame and recognition, but sacrifices. Toward
There was also resistance within
because it was the right thing to do.
to keep making Movements of people around the Germany itself. The White Rose, a the end, young men
weapons and to keep country to follow work and then their student youth movement which were called up to be
factories out of the families following them caused a shift called for active opposition to Hitler’s suicide bombers, or
in where the populations lived prior regime, have gone down in history as
hands of Nazis. 60% of kamikaze (divine
to the war. Boomtowns were a result of their leaflet campaign
Soviet women worked created. 1 million African-Americans between June 1942 and February wind) Women did
in factories, digging moved out of the south. This actually 1943. Similarly, Dietrich Bonheoffer's not take on
anti-tank trenches & air caused race riots in places like Confessing Church represented a additional roles in
Detroit. significant form of Christian
wardens. The Soviets ***Internment Camps***
the work force.
even used women as opposition to the Nazi government. Instead, the
Americans were so afraid of the
The Nazis pursued resistance leaders
snipers. Japanese that they placed 110,000 in Japanese used
camps. 65% of these people were relentlessly. If captured they would
face certain death, with executions Chinese and
born in the US.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/his widely publicized to cow the local Koreans laborers.
tory/ population into submission.
(See pictures on next slide)

24. In what ways were
these camps the SAME
as the German
concentration camps?
In what ways were they
different?

25. Chapter 26: Section 4, Home Front & Aftermath of War
Frontline Civilians: The Bombing of Cities
Great Britain: Germany: Great Britain decided to bomb cities in
Sept. 1940 Germans began to retaliation. The first was May 1942. Bombings caused
bomb London. These were food, clothing and fuel shortages, transportation and
civilian targets. ‘The Blitz’ housing issues. Incendiary bombs spread fire and
(German air raids) caused were greatly feared, but the Germans
severe damage. Winston kept on fighting.
Churchill decided to bomb Dresden,
Germany in return. Germany may
have lost 100,000
in February 13-
15, 1945. Many
people burned
due to the
bombings from
Great Britain
Japan: Cities were being bombed prior to the dropping of the A-
bomb. B-29 “superfortress” airplanes were attacking cities that
were built with flimsy materials. Finally, atomic weapons were used
Atomic weapon deaths: 60% immediately die from flash burns 30% falling debris & 10%
from other causes. Months later, 15-20% die from radiation sickness, 20-30% die from
burns & 50-60% from injuries & illness. The soldiers had named the bombs, “Little Boy”
and “Fat Man”. The bombs were dropped by an airplane called the Enola Gay.

28. Chapter 26: Section 4, Home Front & Aftermath of War
Tehran Conference: Nov. 1943.
See where the The Big Three met to decide the
Iron Curtain tactics of the war and agreed to
would be? invade France and meet in a
defeated Germany.
The Yalta Conference: Feb.
1945. Roosevelt needed USSR
to help defeat Japan (A-bomb
was not created yet) so he
agreed to the USSR taking
possession of Sakhalin & Kuril
islands near Manchuria. The
United Nations was created and
had its first meeting in San
Germany after the war would be divided into 4 sections Francisco in April 1945. It is
governed by US, Great Britain, USSR and France. By now located in New York, NY.
March of 1946 Winston Churchill had declared an “Iron The US also wanted free
Curtain” had descended across the continent dividing elections in Europe, Stalin did
Europe into Communists & non-communist countries. not.