IBM Research Advances AI for Precise Decision Making

IBM Research and
cognitive solutions
Artificial Intelligence to make
precise decisions
Pietro Leo
Executive Architect & CTO,
Chief Scientist of IBM Italy Research & Business Unit
Head, IBM Italy Center of Advanced Studies
IBM Academy of Technology Leadership Team

IBM Research Intro1
Major research themes and agenda2
Agenda
2
How Data, Cognitive & Cloud platforms are enabling
ecosystem innovation and transforming industries
3
Watson Services4

IBM Research: It is the innovation frontrunner of IBM, a global research capability
Australia
Tokyo
China
Almaden
Haifa
Zurich
Africa
Ireland
Brazil
Watson
Austin
India
3
• 12 Core Labs
• 3.000 Scientists &
Researchers
• Tens of associated
research poles

IBM Research: Foundational breakthroughs have made us famous
4
6Nobel Laureates 10National Medals of Technology
6Turing Awards5National Medals of Science

NumberofPatents
0
9000
8088
IBM Google AmazonMicrosoft
1662
GE
1052
HP
696
Oracle
2398
Facebook
213
Symantec
2835
146
Accenture
Source: IFI CLAIMS Patent Services
1646
442
IBM Research: Driving 24 consecutive years of IBM patent leadership

IBM Research: A diversity of core academic disciplines
Behavioral
Science
Materials
Science
Electrical
Engineering
Physics
Chemistry
Computer
Science
Mathematical
Science
Computational
Biology
6

Research&business Unit - IBM Italy
It is the landing and operating PLATFORM of
IBM Global Research in Italy.
It is a catalyzer for IBM WW
University Relation
program in Italy and abroad
fostering partnerships and
joint collaborations with the
Italian University &
Research Ecosystem in Italy
and abroad
The Research & business
Unit brings IBM Research
INNOVATION to IBM top
clients and public
organizations and tackles
complex real-world industrial
problems in the areas of
human well being

Main themes of the IBM Research agenda
Reimagining computing Developing core AI
Transforming industries through
science and AI
Defining and optimizing
blockchain

Recent highlights
Cyber Watson

Source: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/think/2016/08/cognitive-movie-trailer/
1) A visual analysis
2) An audio analysis
3) An analysis of each scene’s composition
IBM Research Takes Watson to
Hollywood with the First “Cognitive
Movie Trailer”

The way to
find information
The way to
make better decisions

§ Cognitive Computing
§ In the Data flow
§ High Value Cloud
Data-Centric systems, providing
business support. Originated as
package implementation
or bespoke developments
Analytics-based systems
resulting from the integration of
SoR and SoE and integration
of data from Internet of Things
User-centric systems, generated
to enable collaboration and
focused on providing
convenience to the user

IBM Watson is the most advanced Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning platform to
support Decision Making in Business
Toward a Precise Decision Making to reduce the wasteful
spend as well as the risk in every industry
Watson

14
Analytic
Systems use
statistical
techniques for
detecting patterns
or detect trends
within data, yield
an understanding
of historical or
current state from
which to draw
conclusions
Text Mining is a class of functions for
parsing and identifying significant words
in language (NLP) as well as
understand the semantic of a textual
content
Cognitive Systems
leverage machine
learning to predict
meaning in features of
human language
(spoken, written, visual)
and related forms of
human reasoning
Multi-Media Mining is a a class of
function for analyzing visual content
such as images or videos
Speech Mining is a class of
functions for analyzing audio
signals including speech to such
as ability Cognitive Solutions
leverage a combination of
cognitive system reasoning
strategies and other analytic and
classical computing techniques to
solve for a complex problem ->
Amplify Human WISDOM in a
specific domain
XXX Mining is class of large
specialized functions for analyzing
“digital representation” in a
specific domain à e.g.,
Bioinformatics, Financial Analytics,
etc.
Capitalize on Digital Data
Machine Learning
is a class of
statistical techniques
that use training
data to recognize
the correlation
between a set of
feature patterns and
outcomes.
It includes also Deep
Learning that is a
rapidly maturing space,
based on neural
network techniques,
that are taught to find
their own features
Emerging Patterns for Artificial Intelligence adoption in Business World
WISDOM

Opportunity for
decision-making
support
2025
Cognitive opens new opportunities on top of traditional IT
Traditional global
IT spend
Source: IBM analysis presented to the Investor Briefings
~$2T
~$1.2T

Watson
Oncology
• Analyzes the patient's medical record
• Identifies potential evidence-backed treatment
options
• Finds and provides supporting evidence from a
wide variety of sources
A collaboration between IBM and Memorial
Sloan Kettering (MSK). Watson for
Oncology utilizes MSK curated literature
and rationales, as well as over 290 medical
journals, over 200 textbooks, and 12
million pages of text to support decisions.
.

Top outcomes from cognitive initiatives vary by industry
Finance
49% Increased market agility
46% Improved customer service
43% Increased customer
engagement
43% Improved productivity &
efficiency
42% Improved security & compliance,
reduced risk
Retail
56% Personalized customer / user
experience
56% Increased customer engagement
56% Improved decision making & planning
56% Reduced costs
Health
66% Accelerated innovation of
new products / services
efficiency
reduced risk
62% Reduced costs
Manufacturing
64% Improved decision making
& planning
efficiency
reduced risk
49% Enhanced the learning experience
Government/Education
54% Personalized customer / user experience
37% Improved decision making & planning
36% Improved productivity & efficiency
33% Increased customer engagement
Professional Services
40% Reduced costs
36% Personalized customer/user
experience
36% Expanded ecosystem
34% Accelerated innovation of new
products / services
% achieving outcome with cognitive
Source: An IBM study of over 600 early cognitive adopters - 2016 Full report: http://www.ibm.com/cognitive/advantage-reports/

Leveraging the Explosion of Data in Medicine – An Impossible Task Without
Analytics and New advanced Artificial Intelligence Computing Models
1000
Facts per Decision
10
100
1990 2000 2010 2020
Human Cognitive
Capacity
Electronic Health
Records (Clinical
Data)
Internet of Things
(Exogenous Data)
The Human
Genome
(Genomic Data)
Capturing the Value of Data: Big Changes Ahead
Medical error—the third leading cause of
death in the US
Source: BMJ 2016; 353 doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2139 (Published 03 May
2016) Cite this as: BMJ 2016;353:i2139

19
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
PLATFORMS FOR BUSINES

IBM Cognitive Computing by numbers in IBM
45
Countries
100+
Applications
already in market
6.000
Researchers
& Specialists in IBM
8
Languages
Learned by Watson
200
Universities
offering Watson courses
500+
Partners
Powered by Watson
API & Hybrid
Cognitive
Frameworks
20
Industries
80.000
Developers
building with Watson
3 Industrial Business
Units
Watson Health
5.000 Employees, 6B$
investment
Watson Internet
Of Things
1000 Researchers and
Specialists, 3B$
investment
Watson Finantial
Services
200M
Lives
60M
Patient
Records
30B
Images
1.2M
Mediacal
Abstracts
60+
Solutions

Ecosystem
and Partners
Industry
Solutions
Client
Solutions
& products
IBM
Provided
Data Publically
Sourced
Data
Partner
Provided
Data
Private
Client
Data
IBM Watson Innovation platform for Cognitive Business
Watson Health
Watson Financial Service
Watson Internet of Things
Hybrid Watson
Frameworks
Cognitive
Services - API
Data
Knowledge
Wisdom

Ecosystem
and Partners
Industry
Solutions
Client
Solutions
IBM
Provided
Data
Private
Client
Data
IBM Watson Innovation platform for Cognitive Business
Financial
Watson Health
Watson Financial Service
Watson Internet of Things
Hybrid Watson
Frameworks
Watson
Services
Comms Industrial Distribution Financial Public ServicesHealth
Fraud Analysis
Corp Intelligence
Claims Processing
Digital Agent
Call Center Advisor
Public Safety
National Security
Shopping Advisor
Sales Automation
Supply & Logistics
Omni-Channel Ops
Product Safety
Field Service Mgt
Geology Advisor
Digital Agent
Theme Park Exp
Call Center Ops
CIO Dashboard
Corp Intelligence
M&A Advisor
Cyber Security
Life
Sciences
Oncology
Clinical Trial
Matching
AssistantCognitive Tools Collaborator Coach Mediator
Types of Cognitive Systems
Decision
Making

1-800 Flowers
Live at: https://www.1800flowers.com/gwyn-1800flowers?flws_rd=1 Live at: https://www.thenorthface.com/xps
GWYN (Gifts When You Need), a Watson-powered personal
concierge designed to help customers find the perfect gift
The North Face
A personal Shop Assistant that can drive you to select the
most appropriate Jacket
Virtual Agents: Sales Assistants

ROSS is a digital legal expert that helps
you power through your legal research.
You ask your questions in plain English, as
you would a colleague, and ROSS then
reads through the entire body of law and
returns a cited answer and topical readings
from legislation, case law and secondary
sources to get you up-to-speed quickly.
In addition, ROSS monitors the law around
the clock to notify you of new court
decisions that can affect your case.
"When can a debtor reject a collective bargaining agreement as per
the US bankruptcy code?"
Source: http://www.rossintelligence.com/
Cognitive Assistant in Law domain©

Visual
Recognition
Speech to
Text
Personality
Insights
Language
Translation
Watson
Services are
a set of
building
blocks that
can be mixed
to build
cognitive
applications.
They run on a
Platform.
IBM Cognitive Services –
BlueMix - Platform
Text to
speech

Anaphoric Co-referencing
Colloquialism Processing
Content Management -- Versioning
Convolutional Neural Networks
Curation
Deep Learning
Dialog Framing
Ellipses
Embedded Table Processing
Ensembles and Fusion
Entity Resolution
Factoid Answering
Feature Engineering
Feature Normalization
Focus and Spurious Phrase
Resolution
HTML Page Analysis
Image Management
Information Retrieval
Knowledge (Property) Graphs
Knowledge Answering
Knowledge Extraction Annotators
Knowledge Validation and
Extrapolation
Language Modeling
Latent Semantic Analysis
Learn To Rank
Linguistic Analysis
Logical Reasoning Analysis
Logistical Regression
Machine Learning
Multi-Dimensional Clustering
Multilingual training
n-Gram Analysis (word
combinations and distance)
Ontology Analysis
Pareto Analysis
Passage Answering
PDF Conversion
Phoneme Aggregation
Question Analysis
Question-answering Reasoning
Strategies
Recursive Neural Networks
Rules Processing
Scalable Search
Similarity Analytics
Statistical Language Parsing
Support Vector Machines
Syllable Analysis
Table Answering
Visual Analysis
Visual Rendering
Voice Synthesis
These APIs are underpinned by
50 technologies:
2011
2015Source: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/developercloud/services-catalog.html

New programming environments on clouds are providing a fast and
easy access to IBM Watson APIs and more …
29

Unstructured
Watson Explorer makes data from enterprise and non-enterprise siloes
easily accessible at “the point of impact” to people when they need it.
Watson Explorer – HYBRID
Structured
Databases Data
Warehouses
Web
Services
Unstructured
Content
Content Mgt
Systems
Web and
Social Media
… …
General Intro to WE: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/explorer.html

Watson Explorer is the Cognitive Window into Enterprise Data
Search: Securely connect to, search
and explore all of your organization’s
data, regardless of format or where it
is stored and managed.
Analyze: Mine your unstructured
data to reveal trends, patterns and
insights that traditional search
technologies miss.
Interpret: Integrate cognitive
services to enhance, scale and
augment human expertise.
Cognitive
Exploration
Full Technical Documentation Watson Explorer:
https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SS8NLW_11.0.1/com.ibm.swg.im.infosphere.dataexpl.welcome.doc/doc/watsonexplorer_11.0.1.html

Watson Knowledge Studio (rule-based and machine
learning)
• Administer the full lifecycle of
annotator component
development within one tool.
• Create custom annotator
components from scratch that
extract entities and relations from
domain-specific unstructured text.
• Deploy annotator components
from within Watson™ Knowledge
Studio to IBM Watson Explorer
and IBM Watson Developer
Cloud.
WKA: Full Technical Documentation:
https://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/developercloud/doc/wks/wks_overview_full.shtml

IBM Research Advances AI for Precise Decision Making

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IBM Research Advances AI for Precise Decision Making