Clearing houses, translation centers, and reprographic centers allow libraries to expand their roles and services. Clearing houses act as central agencies for collecting, classifying, and distributing information from various sources and languages. Translation centers provide translation services between languages, while reprographic centers ensure document preservation and access through services like microfilming and photocopying. These centers allow libraries to enhance access to information and extend their collections and services.

1. Clearing houses, Translation
centres and Reprographic
centres

2. Introduction
• Information Centres can act as Clearing houses, Translation centres
and Reprographic centres
• According to SR Ranganathan ‘Library is a growing Organism’
• The growth can be in the form of
• Collection
• Services
• Extension Activities etc
• Some of the ways by which libraries can act differently apart from its
routines are listed in the coming slides

3. Clearing houses…
• They are set up either on a cooperative basis or by a national or
international agency.
• They provide a single point of access to information originating from
different sources, countries and languages.
• They compile bibliographies of particular disciplines and circulate
them to the organisations interested in them.
• A copy of the available document, if requested, is also provided.

4. Clearing houses
 It is a central agency for collection, classification and distribution of information.
It may include specialised information centres as well as conventional libraries.
It represents a depository for documents with the additional objective of serving
as a central agency engaged in the distribution of information.
It also collects and maintains records of research and development.
Sometimes subjective questions in the record are referred to source and clearing
house may have to perform the function of referral centre.

5. Translation Centres
• There are 3 authentic Translation centres in India. They are
• National Translation Centre – NTC
• European Translation Centre – ETC
• British Lending Library, Boston – BLL
• Methods
• literal translation.
• literary translation.

6. NISCAIR Foreign Language Translation Service
• NISCAIR (formerly INSDOC) has been providing translation service to S&T community
since its inception in 1952.
• It caters to the translation requirements of National Laboratories, S&T Institutes, R&D
Organisations, Corporate and Public Sector Undertakings, Universities, Research Scholars,
etc.
• NISCAIR provides translations of S&T documents from 20 foreign languages into English.
• The languages include Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian,
Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Rumanian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian,
Spanish, Swedish, etc. NISCAIR provides reverse translation (from English into foreign
languages) also.
• Translation of English text (maximum of one page), into French, Russian and Spanish is
undertaken on request.
• Translation of full English document into Japanese is provided on request. NISCAIR also
provides interpretation services in Japanese language. Charges for translation services
for different languages are available at NISCAIR website (http://www.niscair.res.in).

7. Translation Activities in Humanities and Social
Sciences in India…
• Organizations involved in the process are
• The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and National
Book Trust (NBT) are both engaged in translation of text books in various Indian
languages
• State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) carries out translation
work from English to regional languages and from regional languages to English.
• Kendra Sahithya Akademi has established four Centres for Translations in Bangalore,
Ahemadabad, Kolkata and Delhi. In addition to this, it has an archive of Indian
literature in Delhi. The Akademi also organises Target Language Literary Translation
Workshops. One of the main highlights of the workshop is that the practicing
translators work on a literary piece under the direction of the experts. The Akademi
has organised such workshops in many Indian regional languages.

8. Translation Activities in Humanities and Social
Sciences in India…
• Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL) set up in 1958 carries out
translation work
• Institute of Asian Studies, Chennai set up in 1982, translates works in Tamil, Kannada,
Japanese, and Telugu
• The Institute is working on the following projects in translation field:
i) Tamil-Tamil-English Dictionary in 20 volumes.
ii) English –Tamil Dictionary in 20 volumes.
iii) Encyclopaedia of the Folklore Culture of Tamil Nadu (English)
iv) Encyclopaedia of the Folklore Culture of Karnataka (English)
v) A Multilingual Dictionary: Kannada-Kannada- English-Tamil-Japanese. The dictionary has
Kannada as a source language.
vi) Department of Manuscriptology is translating palm-leaf manuscripts into English.
vii) A translation project for translation of 12 holy books of Tamil Nadu into English and Hindi is in
progress.
viii) History of Buddhism in South India in 4 volumes (English)
ix) Tamil Lexicography:

9. Translation Activities in Humanities and Social
Sciences in India
• Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) carries out literary
translations of books and other documents to project Indian cultural
heritage to the world.
• The Council’s translation and publication activities focus on books
relating to Indian culture, philosophy, mythology as well as traditional
music, dance and theatre. The Council has translated Translation
Service many Sanskrit classics to number of foreign languages
including French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and English

10. National Translation Center
• National Translation Center announced its translations by the
following indexes:
• SLA List of Translations (1953-1955)
• Translation Monthly (1957-1858)
• Translation Register Index (1967-86). This index merged with World
Translation Index in 1987.

11. Reprographic Centres
• Reprographic Centre at the National Archives of India
• It ensure longevity of documents in its custody through an elaborate "Security Microfilming
Programme" which is being practiced by the National Archives of India for over five decades.
• Microfilming is being used as a measure for preservation of records under disaster
management against deterioration from use or loss due to natural calamity or man made
sabotage and natural ageing and fading of inks.
• IGNCA
• The IGNCA has, so far, developed a rich microfilm/microfiche collection in its
Reprography Unit. At present, the reprography unit is in possession of a rich
collection of more than 2.5 lacs manuscripts in more than 21500 microfilm
rolls. The entire collection has also been digitized.

12. Department of Delhi Archives
• The department has established the Reprography Unit in order to ensure the
safety of the original record from mishandling, tampering and deterioration of
information.
• The department has equipped the Reprography Unit with state of the art
equipment

13. Reprographic Services at Centre for Water
Resources Development and Management
• Reprographic section is a centralized facility catering to the printing and
binding works of the reports and publications of all the Divisions and units of
CWRDM.
• Spiral Binding and Book Binding are the services offered.

14. Reprography and
Photography Unit at Indian Statistical Institute
• This Unit allows users to request copies of journal articles, conference proceedings
or any document housed at Central Library and thesis, dissertation, project report
etc. of students, research scholars and faculty.
• It charges a cost recovery fee to help defray the costs of providing this service.
• The Library’s photocopying services are offered in accordance with the provisions of
the Copyright Act.
• Each user has to comply with the law.
• In case the library staff suspects that the law is violated he can intervene and
enquire about the extent of copying.
• All photocopies made in excess of the limits can be confiscated.

15. Kerala State Centre for Advanced
Printing & Training
• The Centre has undertaking all types of printing works from
the Government Departments/Autonomous Bodies/Public
sectors apart from the printing of HSE Text Books and Lottery
Tickets.
• The Govt has given orders to all Government Departments,
Autonomous Institutions under Government, Public Sector
Undertakings, Universities and Local Bodies to entrust their
printing works with the Centre over and above the capacity of
Government Presses without inviting quotations at the approved
rates

16. Conclusion
• In this presentation the various activities that library can take part is
enlisted