Science and Technology - Englishpost.org

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TARGET CONTENT #6: Science and Technology
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Learning Objectives
1. Identifying key vocabulary in spoken material (Listening)
2. Expressing your opinion about advantages of disadvantages of technology (Speaking)
3. Identifying information from complex texts ( Reading)
4. Writing short statements about opinion in favor or against technology (Writing)
Key Vocabulary
1. Advantages:_________________________
2. Disadvantages:______________________
3. Database:___________________________
4. Applications:_________________________
5. Cloud storage:_______________________
6. Trend:______________________________
7. Websites:___________________________
8. To leak:____________________________
9. Delete:____________________________
10. Attachment:_________________________
11. Devices:____________________________
12. Turn on:____________________________
13. Switch on:_________________________
14. sharing :__________________________
15. Disable:____________________________
16. Stolen:_____________________________
17. Account:____________________________
18. Forward:____________________________
19. Waste:_____________________________
20. Send:_____________________________
21. Receive:____________________________
22. Password:__________________________
23. Texting :____________________________
24. Strangers:__________________________
25. Messaging :________________________
26. Cheating:___________________________

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Section #1 Reading
Advantages and disadvantages of using smartphones
 Texting
 Stolen
 Applications
 Examination
 Touch
 Internet
 Emergency
 Car Accidents
 Games
 Waste
 Stranger
 Interacting
 Hackers
 Camera
 Problem
1. Complete the reading using the words from above
Advantages
A cellphone can help you during an ________________________
Parent can stay in constant ___________________ with their children .
People can have lots of useful ______________________ with one device like calendar ,
calculator and ____________________
You can have constant ______________________access on your phone to browse the web.
Disadvantages
Some people get so much addicted to cell phones for talking, video, messaging,
____________________ and __________________ large part of their time in unnecessary
interaction over their cell phones.
Cell phones are increasingly becoming a _______________________ for the schools during
classroom hours and are becoming a means of cheating during _________________________.
There has been car____________________________ due to people ______________while
driving.
People stop ________________________ with real people
Personal information can be accessed by an _________________ if your phone is lost or
_____________
_______________________ can still break into your information remote so think twice before
putting sensitive information on your phone.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Video games
 Waste of Time
 Unfitness
 Socializing
 Cost
 Enjoyment
 Vision improvement
 Isolation
Pick from the words above to what the following sentences refers to
1. You can play with your friend sitting on the couch or online with other
people:__________________________
2. Some games are aimed for a single player:___________________________
3. The hardware and software tend to be very expensive:______________________
4. They take a lot of hours :________________________________
5. Some games don’t need you to exercise more physical activity:______________________
6. Video games are played for fun and help improve your mood:_______________________
7. They train the visually impaired to view things more sharply.____________________
Are You Losing Your Life To Television?
 Wasting time
 Missing out social interaction
 It creates unrealistic expectation
 Feelings of Inedecuacy
Write the name of the title that the paragraph that is refers to
Life is never going to be like a TV show and this can make people very disillusioned when they compare it with
their real life:______________________________________________
Television distorts our understanding of reality. It’s filled with beautiful people doing amazing things and having
great adventures every show: ___________________________________________
Every hour you spend in front of the TV is another hour you’re not making the most of your life. You could be
playing with your family, hanging out with friends or doing an activity you
enjoy:________________________________________
It’s pretty obvious that when you’re watching TV you’re not doing anything else. Time spent watching television
is similar to being asleep:_____________________________________________

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The Fappening and the Snappening Photo Hacking.
Hackers seem to have found a new hobby. They now break in to cloud storage accounts and third
party applications. Two hacks have been a trend in social media sites lately , one of them is The
Fappening which refers to the hack to celebrities suffered as their photos and videos have been
leaked into numerous websites , the other hack was The happening which refers to the hack that
Snapchat users suffered as hackers admit they have collected a giant database of intercepted
snapchat photos and videos that they plan to make public.
The following is a list of recommendations to keep your private data secure:
Do not use public sharing sites: The best method is NOT to share any pictures or information
on the internet, but this method will kick you back to the age of no internet so share carefully
and responsibly.
Do not use third-party applications: Make sure you use the official application of your social
media as third party application can have vulnerability issues.
Password protect your device, photos and applications: Make sure to have your phone ,
photos and applications protected with a password so if your device is lost or stolen , your
sensitive photos and information will be secure.
Disable automatic sharing in your phone and computer: Make sure that you aren’t automatically
sharing your photos to services if you don’t want the photos to be store online.
Set up a Strong password for your email account: Make sure your passwords include numbers
and both uppercase and lowercase letters and special characters, don’t use personal information
such as names , birthday , and places.
Don’t open email attachments: Only open attachments if you know exactly what they are or
who they are from.
If you must take nude photos of yourself, keep your face (and any other identifiable markings)
out of the photo.

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Answer the questions based on the reading
1. “Two hacks have been a trend in social media sites lately ”
According to the sentence above, the hacks have been ___________
a) Popular
b) Barely known
c) Unpopular
d) Barely popular
2. “photos and videos have been leaked into numerous websites”
The word “leaked” means __________
a) Make unknow
b) Make secret
c) release
d) Make unpopular
3. The recommendation when sharing images on social networks is :______
a) Share freely
b) Share everything
c) Share without worries
d) Share prudently
4. “Disable automatic sharing in your phone and computer”
The word “Disable” in the text means _____________________
a) to switch off
b) to turn on
c) to switch on
d) to resume use
5. A strong passwords according to the text might look like this :______
e) britanny1985
f) brittanydaniels
g) Britannyoregon
h) Brit@nnY@14
6. The recommendation for email attachments is :______
a) Open attachment from strangers
b) Forward emails with attachment from stranger
c) Open the attachment if you know the sender
d) Delete the attachment if you know what it is
7. The recommendation if taking nude photos is :______
a) Include your face in the picture
b) Don’t leave any part of your body out
c) Leave your face out
d) Make sure your tattoo in in the picture

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Section #2 : Listening
Listen the conversation and complete the dialogue using the words from the list
 online
 credit
 click
 Player
 website
 computer
An Easy Way to Shop
G:Hey, Steve. Look at my new MP3 ______________!
B:Wow! It looks cool! Where did you buy it?
G:I bought it online at an electronics _______________.
B:I’m not very good at using a _______________. Is it hard to buy things_____________?
G:It’s really easy. All you do is go to the website, and choose the item you want to look at. There
are so many items to choose from on the website! After you choose what you want to buy, you
_________________ on the “check out” button.
B:That does seem easy!
G:Yes, it is. It only takes about a week for your item to come. Of course, if you are in a hurry, you can
pay more to get it sent faster.
B:Do you pay for the item when it comes? G:No, you have to pay for it online with a __________ card.

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Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks with the missing words from the list
 receive
 messages
 call
 time
 money
 useful
 talk
 cellphone
 send
Cellphone Messages
W:I need to check my__________________.
M:How are you going to do that? We are in the middle of the freeway!
W:I’m going to use my ______________. Haven’t you ever done that?
M:No. I just use my cell phone to______________ to other people.
W:Now you can also use a cell phone to_____________ and___________________ short text
messages. It’s very____________.
M:How do you send a message that way?
W:I just use the keys on the phone to type a short message. Then I press the “send” button. It’s
cheaper than making a phone _____________.
M:That’s a great idea! You can save both ___________and ___________ that way.
W:Right. All my friends usually send me text messages now.
M:Thanks for telling me about this. I’ll have to try it!
W:You’re welcome. I think you’ll find it useful

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Listening Activity
Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with the missing words from the list
 good
 Fast
 tool
 internet
 unhealthy
 games
 communication
 telephone
 face
 seconds
 online
 lonely
Communicating Online (Listening Practice Through Dictation 4 , Track #9)
M: Computers have transformed the way people communicate. In some ways this transformation
is_________________________, but in other ways it could be harmful. Statistics show that millions of
people use the ___________ every day. People shop _____________, play ______________, and search
for information. Studies also show that people use the Internet mainly for ________________________.
The Internet has made communication fast and convenient. Email can travel anywhere within
________________________. Chat room include people from all over the world. People can even make
Internet __________________ calls. However, this type of communication is very different from what
people did in the past. People spend less time talking ___________ to face. They might “chat” for days
without being in the same room with a real person. They also might communicate with many people at
the same time. Some researchers think this is _________________. One study on Internet use found that
people who used the Internet a lot were _______________. Also, they did not communicate as much with
members of their family. Many people have criticized this study. They say it did not include enough
people and that loneliness is hard to measure. In my opinion, all types of communication are good. It is
great to email someone and get a ____________ response. It is also nice to talk face to face. We can do
both. The Internet is a fantastic ______________. We should use it wisely to benefit from it.
Write twelve new words that you learned in this short paragraph
______________________
______________________
______________________
_____________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________

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Listening Activity
Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with the missing words from the list
 airplane
 cost
 jam
 interesting
 traffic
 car
 computer
 flying
 newspaper
Flying Cars (Listening Practice Through Dictation 2 , Track #6)
M:Listen to this! This ________________article says that some scientists are working on a new kind of
__________________. People can use these “______________ cars” for short trips.
W:How _______________________!
M:The article says the first flying car might be ready within the next few years.
W:That’s quite soon! How would this flying car work? Can anybody use one, or is it only for people
who know how to fly airplanes?
M:You don’t need to be an airplane pilot to use a flying car. The article says there would be a
______________________ inside the car that would know where you want to go. The driver does not
need to control the ______________ unless something goes wrong.
W:Does the article say how much a flying car would ______________? It will probably cost too much
money! We would not be able to afford one
M:True, but wouldn’t it be nice to fly over _____________ jams, instead of sitting in the middle of
them?
W:Yes. But then we might end up with traffic ____________ in the sky!
Write twelve new words that you learned in this short paragraph
______________________
______________________
______________________
_____________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________

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Section #3 Writing
Choose four technological devices or science inventions and write two advantages and
disadvantages of their use
a) _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d) _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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Section #4 : Additional Readings
COMPUTERS: HUMAN’S NEW ADDICTION.
Computers have gradually revolutionized our lives. In the future, we will see many more changes and a
faster rate. The postal system will virtually disappear due to e-mail use. Communications will be
done through the computer. Libraries will become obsolete; information will be obtained via network.
Computer physicians will be the new doctors and perform medical examinations to diagnose and
recommend the most efficient treatment.
Teachers too will be replaced by learning machines, and children won’t have to go to school anymore.
Students will interact with their classmates by computer. Many of these technologies are already in use.
For many years, airline companies have been training their pilots on simulators.
Computers have become part of our daily lives, and some people cannot live without them. They become
addicted to the screen and to the multitude of video games and simulations that the computer provides.
1. The use of computers has _________________________.
A) made libraries disappear
B) made doctors quit
C) changed our lives
D) become obsolete
2. People will continue communicating by ______________________.
A) learning machines
B) electronic mail
C) video games
D) train
3. In the medical field, computers will be in charge of ________________________
A) examining the addiction of the computers
B) substituting patients for machines
C) the most inefficient treatments
D) diagnoses and treatments

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4. One disadvantage of using computers will be that ____________________ .
A) they will make communication faster
B) doctors will give worse diagnosis
C) a lot of libraries will be overused
D) users can become addicted
5. The expression, ―Computers have become part of our daily lives‖ means that
_______________________________________.
A) people never use them
B) people use them everyday
C) people occasionally use them
D) only skillful people can use computers
6. The text talks about the technology which ___________________________.
A) people used, are using and will use in the future
B) will make the kids go to school more often
C) teachers will change
D) libraries will replace
COMPUTERS

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Computers are machines that help people find answers to their questions. There are many kinds of
computers. Some are very large; others are so small that we can put them in our pockets. The two basic,
main kinds of computers are analog and digital. Computers can do many things. They can solve
mathematics problems, record airline reservations, help in space flights and direct nuclear weapons. They
can even speak and make translations from one language to another. Computers are becoming more and
more popular. Many small businesses such as shoe stores and restaurants are using small office
computers. These businesses use computers for jobs, such as keeping inventory counting how many shoes
they have sold, and counting how many and what kinds they still have.) These computers can help the
business-people make decisions about what to order, buy, deliver and so on. Home computers are also
very popular. Everyone in the family can use these small, inexpensive devices. Children enjoy playing
video games, like Pac-Man and River Raiders, on them. In addition, they can use these aids to learn and
review schoolwork. Adults often use these computers to help with the household budget, amount of money
to spend. These versatile machines can also type letters.
1. What do children use computers for? For _________________________.
A) making more money
B) keeping records of their video games
C) playing games and doing school work
D) keeping records of their family budget
2. How do computers help human communication? By ___________________.
A) directing nuclear weapons to other countries
B) playing Pac-Man and River Raiders alone
C) putting them in our pockets
D) translating languages
3. How do office computers help business people? By ____________________.
A) keeping updated sales inventories
B) ordering from small restaurants
C) promoting the delivery of shoes
D) buying in small stores

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4. Why are computers getting more and more popular? Because they _____________
A) serve humans in many fields
B) are getting larger everyday
C) represent money to spend
D) can be analog
5. How many kinds of computers are there? There are ___________________.
A) three: office, home, and letter-typing ones
B) only two, analog and digital
C) only large and small ones
D) many sizes and kinds
6. How are computers used in war and defense? To ______________________.
A) guide nuclear weapons
B) reserve tickets in airlines
C) control the household budget
D) know the amount of shoes in the stores
Read the text below.
AIBO
AIBO ( Artificial Intelligence roBOt), translated from Japanese as “partner”, is one of several types of
robotic pets designed and manufactured by Sony. There have been several different models, for users
of all ages, since their introduction in 1990. AIBO is able to walk, “see” its environment via camera,

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1- AIBO is a(n) _____________________________________.
2- This robotic dog ___________________________________.
3- The Japanese word ”AIBO” means “___________________ in English.
4- How long will AIBO be serviced? Until_______________________.
Graduation Broadcast Online
A) robot just for adults C) item for children and adults
B) toy just for children D) pet that doesn’t{t play with children
A) will be supported beyond 2013 C) was manufactured just for seven years
B) can understand 100 languages D) is programmed to interact only with its owner
A) pet C) partner
B) robot D) artificial intelligence
A) 1999 C) 2008
B) 2006 D) 2013

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When 17-year-old- Reyniza Sherrell was handed her high school diploma, 2 of her family
members watched with admiration, from thousands of miles away. Sherrell´s father is a soldier in Iraq
and her older sister is in Germany, but both of them were watching live video online of her graduation
on a Friday night in Clarksville.
Seven high schools near Fort Campbell, the home of the Airborne Division, broadcast their
graduation ceremonies live over the Internet for the first time for their family members stationed
overseas. The ceremonies were broadcast on a Web site that soldiers´ relatives accessed wherever
they were stationed. Reyniza´s mother, Vander, said, “seeing the graduation was important to my
husband, Trodell, whose 10-year career in the military meant missing a lot of birthdays, anniversaries
and holidays. I think he was so proud, popping his collar, patting himself on the back.” More than 250
graduating seniors from the seven schools have parents who are on duty abroad, spokeswoman
Kelly Ann Tyler said. XOS Technologies, which provides audio and video software and Internet
products to professional and college sports teams, set up the video service free for the base. Wykoff
said: “I think it means a lot, when you´re do far away, to see your kids graduate when you can´t be
there”
1- Where was Reyniza´s father watching from? He was watching from?
A-) Iraq B-) Germany
C-) Clarksville D-) Fort Campbell
2- How was Reyniza´s sister watching her graduation?
A-) In person B-) On a VCR
C-) On a computer D-) On a recorded video
3- How many students were graduating?
A-) seven B-) seventeen
C-) around two hundred fifty D-) less than two hundred fifty
4- Besides the soldiers, who else accessed the online broadcast service during the graduation?
A-) Students B-) XOS Technologies
C-) Other family members D-) The Airborne Division
Technology
Please Fix my Stuff!
Vilma Lope is a chef who Works in a prestigious restaurant in Paseo de Las Flores, Heredia. During the last few
days, she had a lot of trouble with her car, so she decided to take it to Johnny Valverde’s garage. Very early in
the morning, the mechanics at Johnny’s began fixing the car. It will be ready by noon.

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1. Vilma’s work _____________________________________
a. Consist on repairing vehicles
b. Is related to clocks and watches
c. Deals with meals and beverages
d. Requires wrecks and screwdrivers
2. Mr. Valverde is Vilma’s _________________________
a. Boss
b. Employer
c. Mechanic
d. Head chef
3. The text clearly indicates that _________________ starts working afternoon.
a. Arnoldo
b. Johnny
c. Ismael
d. Vilma
4. The ______________ will fix Vilma’s stuff sooner than the rest.
a. Locksmith
b. Mechanic
c. Repairman
d. Restaurant
5. Two of the things that Vilma need to fix ____________________
a. Are related to food
b. Serve to know what time it is
c. Have to do with transportation
d. Facilitate to move from one place to
another

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6. The objective of the “Costa Rica Free of Viruses” campaign is to ____________________
a. Protect users against computer viruses
b. Spread viruses through internet
c. Quadruple the number of viruses
d. Send 70% of the unwanted e-mails
7. This campaign will________________________________
a. start in two weeks
b. last more than two weeks
c. be in charge of hackers
d. be directed by virus creators
8. Computer viruses ________________________________________
a. Are created in the Ministry of Science
b. Attack the content in the hard-drivers
c. Destroy 100% of hackers effectively
d. Usually infect owners and users
9. The article says that these viruses ________________________
a. Are inoffensive
b. Occur every half a day
c. Attack around every 4 days
d. Can’t attack the operating system
10. Programs against viruses are ______________________________
a. Totally effective
b. Partially effective
c. One hundred percent effective
d. One hundred percent ineffective
Read the text
Technology Ministry Attacks Viruses
In an effort to keep the country technologically healthy, the Science and Technology Ministry has announced a
campaign called “Costa Rica Free of Viruses”
The two-week campaign, which began the last week, aims to ensure computer owners and users take all the
available precautions against the treat of viruses, which are mischievous computer programs that spread
through internet and e-mail and destroy hard-drive content and operating system, among other things. This
year, the number of virus treats hitting computers will quadruple, on average attacking every four days,
according to the Ministry. E-mail continues to be t he favorite method used by hackers and virus creators.
Seventy percent of all e-mails are unwanted, the Ministry estimates. Although no program is 100% effective
against viruses, the ministry is encouraging the use of antivirus programs.

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11. What does the book E-MAIL FOR ENGLISH talk about?
a. The use of internet for teaching English
b. The books learners bring to the language classroom
c. An e-mail that language teachers found in a computer
d. A computer every teacher has to bring to the classroom
12. How does the first part of the book start? By __________________________________________
a. Explaining how the internet is applied in teaching
b. Explaining the revolution of the English writers
c. Sending an e-mail through the internet
d. Talking about how to introduce a writer
13. What does the article says about the contents of the book?
a. The contents design lacks essential data
b. They offers the reader useless information
c. The contents give unnecessary information
d. They provide useful tools for teaching English
14. Who is this book addressed to? To ___________________________________
a. English teachers
b. Students of pedagogy
c. Teachers without computer
d. Students who lack colleagues
15. Is E-MAIL FOR ENGLISH a good book to make students learn English?
a. No, this book simple talks about the history of the English writers
b. Yes, this book includes pedagogical topics and orientation
c. Yes, because it covers the history of the internet partially
d. No, it just talks about how the English send their e-mails.
The book E-MAIL FOR ENGLISH is about bringing the internet and computer learning networks into
the language classroom. In the introduction, the writer talks about the e-mail revolution, and how
it applies to English language teaching and learning. The book is designed to provide all the essential
information an English teacher needs to begin using e-mail and the internet as tools for teaching
English. The book looks at pedagogical factors for teachers to consider when bringing their students
into computer learning networks. The book covers a variety of topics including an overview and
history of e-mail and ideas on how to use e-mail and internet for collaboration and communication
with colleagues.

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16. Jorge A. Diaz invented a ___________________________
a. Huge space rocket
b. Propulsion device
c. Gas spectrometer
d. Space monitor
17. The gas spectrometer is important because _____________________________
a. It made NASA spend more money than usual
b. It became a space rocket for NASA
c. A Costa Rican scientist created it
d. Houston tested it
18. Chang brother’s goal was to make Costa Rica_____________________________
a. Monitor the gases of the laboratory in Houston
b. A center of investigation for NASA
c. The place to test space rockets
d. Spend all the NASA’s money
NASA to Test Tico Invention
It is small just over 1 square inch; however, it holds a promise for Costa Rican science and it is able to
monitor the gases of a huge space rocket. It might also boost (help) NASA’s interest in Costa Rica. The
miniature gas spectrometer developed by Costa Rican scientist Jorge A. Diaz is to be tested in Houston,
Texas, USA, at NASA’s advanced space propulsion laboratory whose director is the Costa Rican-born
astronaut Dr. Franklin Chang. The invention would also mean major saving for the U.S. Space Program
since it costs $1,000 contrary to similar devices currently costing $25,000. Astronaut Chang’s brother
Ronald asserted (affirmed) that Costa Rica must be leader in Latin America. “Our goal is for this country to
become a regional research center for NASA,” he remarked (affirmed).

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19. Nowadays, computers make______________________________________________________.
a. Misspelling a letter much easier
b. Job duties and daily tasks simpler
c. Correcting word mistakes a hard task
d. Short periods of time more complicated
20. With a computer, the information can be reproduced__________________________________.
a. Only a few times
b. Many times
c. Only once
d. Just twice
21. If you need to type the same information again, you simply have to _____________________ it.
a. Rewrite and save
b. Write it and erase
c. Copy it and paste
d. Save it and erase
22. Nowadays, computers offer ____________ features that make our work easier.
a. Very few advantages
b. A lot of features
c. No programs
d. Little defects
COMPUTERS
Computers have come to our lives and it seems that they are not ready to leave us yet. They have made our
work easier. A long time ago every written paper, letter or research had to be typed on a typewriter which
didn’t have the large amount of improvements computers have nowadays. For example, if you misspelled a
word, you had to use a corrector to change the letter. In contrast, today you only have to press one key on
the keyboard to erase the misspelled word. Now you don’t have to write everything twice. You just seven
the document on a diskette and when you need to make any correction, you just erase what you need to
and make the necessary changes. The same information doesn’t need to be typed more than once. All you
have to do is “COPY” the information and “PASTE” it as many times as you need. Computers also offer a
wide variety of features and programs that help us improve our tasks in a shorter period of time:
multimedia, Interned, Excel, Power Point, among others. Definitely, computers have come to stay and make
our life easier every time.

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23. Discarding technology garbage has been a (n) ___________________________________.
a. Hard personal task
b. Environmental problem
c. Good plan to save the land
d. Solution to protect the environment
24. Technology garbage is dangerous because it ____________________________________.
a. Lasts forever
b. Can be usable
c. Contains contaminants
d. Can be destroyed easily
25. According to the university director “recycle materials” should be ___________________.
a. Reused
b. Displayed
c. Hammer Salazar Specialized
d. Thrown away
26. The writer mentions that the environmental fair was sponsored by ____________________.
a. The municipal officers
b. The University of Costa Rica
c. The biologist Hammer Salazar
d. All Costa Rican students in Grecia
TECHNOLOGY TRASH AND GARBAGE
One of the great puzzles of our times is what to do with our technological throwaways to rescue the
environment. Computers, monitors, scanners, printers, fax machines, and cell phones don’t last forever,
and sometimes their life’s end arrives a lot of sooner than planned. They may be usable but, alas, of an
older generation and are put on shelves to languish. They are not wanted in landfills, so you can’t just toss
them out in the garbage. They contain poisonous components such as lead, titanium, cadmium, plastic,
rubber and wires that pollute the environment.
During the last years, an environmental fair financed by the University of Costa Rica in Grecia, showed that
technological trash can be safety unloaded. Thus, a group of students and Hammer Salazar, a biology
professor and dean of the university recollected computers, keyboards, monitors, cell phones, iPods and
printers. All those items were displayed along the curb for everyone to see and realize that technological
trash can be recycled. Salazar who also teaches a course on health and environment said: “Normally people
just don’t know what to do with their old computers and other electronics leftovers; however, a lot of this
material can be reusable. Fortunately, a company in Cartago, Fortech, specializes in recycling materials that
are considered dangerous to the environment. They’ll take everything apart, and see when it can be reused.
He concluded saying: “it was a very positive experience with a good response, and we hope to do this at
least once a year to protect the environment.”

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27. Why are satellites being used now? They are being used to ___________________________________.
a. Provoke weather events
b. Cause natural catastrophes
c. Change the direction of natural disasters
d. Collect information about environmental problems
28. How will Costa Rica be able to share data in Central America? Through ___________________________.
a. Joining the GEOSS
b. Collecting particle clouds
c. Gathering specialized agencies
d. Launching a new type of satellites
29. How will information from satellites help other countries? By ______________ dangerous natural events.
a. Expecting
b. Preventing
c. Preparing them to face
d. Minimizing the quantity of
30. As a member of GEOSS, what will Costa Rica be able to do? Costa Rica will be able to ___________________.
a. Operate satellites
b. Avoid any earthquakes
c. Have only information of itself
d. Get worldwide weather information
31. According to the text, how are disasters provoked on Earth? They are provoked by _____________.
a. Satellites’ information
b. Particle clouds’ information
c. Human and natural damages
d. Volcanoes’ and clouds’ structures
SPEACE TECHNOLOGY HELPS TO MITIGATE DISASTERS
As natural and human-induced catastrophes dictate a more uncertain future on Earth, scientists believe that
satellites may hold the key to keep the planet’s life forms intact. Scientist and space technicians are now using
remote sensing satellites to predict the possibility of extreme weather events. According to presenters in the 32nd
International Symposium Remote Sensing of the Environment at the Ramada Herradura Hotel, Costa Rica will be
an important link for the sharing system of information in Central America. Environment and Energy Minister
Roberto Dobles announced that Costa Rica would join the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).
GEOSS is a system for sharing current data like weather satellites, hurricane monitoring, and predicting
earthquakes. Costa Rica will now improve access to information gathered by high-tech-agencies in other countries,
including information about volcanoes and particle clouds which produce earthquakes, floods, and climate changes
that affect human lives day by day. Thus, defensive measures and warnings to civic defense departments in charge
of natural disasters will improve for the benefit of the regions.

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32. The very first attempt at television consisted just of ________________________________.
a. Electromechanical signals of pictures
b. Inventing the electronic system
c. Regular transmissions of EMI
d. The most practical system
33. The first TV transmissions were broadcasted by ____________________________________.
a. EMI
b. RCA
c. John Logie Baird
d. Vladimir Zworykin
34. The first home TVs consumed a lot of power due to the _______________________________.
a. Price of the luxurious screens
b. Duration of the transmissions
c. Size of the picture tubes
d. Effects of World War II
35. Later on, ______________________________ substituted the TV tubes.
a. Transistors
b. Calculators
c. Larger screens
d. Great amounts of power
36. Nowadays, the electronic components of the TVs are _________________________________.
a. Just pockets
b. Very compact
c. Large equipments
d. Wider than befo
TELEVISION THROUGH THE YEARS
Using electromechanical methods in 1926, the Scottish inventor John Logie Baird was the first to
demonstrate a working method of turning pictures into electric signals, but his system was mostly
impractical. It was the electronic system invented by the U. S. citizen of Russian origin Vladimir Zworykin
(and perfected by a group or EMI in England) which eventually became accepted. Television transmissions,
as we know them today, started until 1936 by the Radio Corporation of America, RCA.
The early home TV receivers had picture tubes of 9 inches in diameter, though just before World War II
larger tubes which consumed great amounts of power were introduced. After the war, researchers
concentrated on making the picture larger and the electronics more compact; however, during the 1950s,
the 21-inch screen was regarded as a luxury. In 1948, the revolutionary invention of transistors, which
widespread their use during the following 10 years, gave the components of the television sets different
and smaller dimensions. Today, all electronic equipment is compact. Electronics has even developed
miniature TVs which have solid-state screens and can be about the size of a pocket calculator.

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