1. Group#3 Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
May 4, 2016 Prof. Pablo Traverso
Jorge A. Sepúlveda Maldonado
Omar D. Serrano Muñiz
Edgared M. Troche Muñiz
Suchain M. Vélez Ramírez

2. • Objectives
• Theory
• Equipment
• Procedure
• Data
• Calculations
• Safety

3. • Sudden Contraction vs Sudden Enlargement
• 17.5mm Smooth bore vs roughened test pipe
• Gate valve vs ball valve
• Venturimeter vs Orifice Plate vs Pitot-static Tube
1. Determination and comparison of head loss
through:

4. 2. Comparison of the coefficient of
discharge Cd of the venturimeter with the
theoretical value.
3. Comparison of the friction factor obtained
graphically from Moody Diagram with an
experimental value.

5. A fluid is a substance capable of
flowing and it changes its shape
at steady rate when acted upon
a force, shear stress 𝜏 .
A fluid is also identified by its
viscosity μ .
τ = μ
dv
dx

6.  We will be calculating the head loss in a smooth pipe as
well as a rough pipe. For both systems the same equation
for closed circular conduits applies:
Darcy-Weisbach equation
**This equation, based on experimental
data and theory, relies on the Darcy
friction factor (𝑓).

7. Darcy-Weisbach equation
hf =
𝑓 𝐷
𝐿𝑢2
2𝑔𝑑

8.  Flow Control Valves
Used to regulate the movement of a fluid through a piping
system. Posses an adjustable “Fitting Factor” (K) that is directly
proportional to the Head Loss (h) through the following
equation:
h(mH2O) =
𝐾𝑢2
2𝑔
**We will be finding experimental values
of head loss using the manometer and
calculate the K- value verifying it
remains constant under the given flow
rate.

9.  Ball Valve
Pros Cons
Plastic bodied ball valves withstand temperatures
of up to 100ºC and pressures up to 16 bar making
them ideal for most industrial applications.
If you dramatically increase or decrease the
flow rate, a linear flow cannot be achieved.
It can usually maintain and regulate high pressure,
volume and a high flow effectively.
Becomes fixed in one position, so depending
on the medium traveling it could jam.
Generally has a long-service life. Cannot manage steam under pressure.
Ball valves are also easy to use and repair
Available in a range of sizes, predominantly from a
½ inch to 4 inches.
They also come in different body styles including
both 2 and 3 way configurations.

10.  Globe Valve
Pros Cons
Well suited for systems where the fluid is less
than 25 gpm.
When part of the globe fails, you often
need to rebuild the entire valve (packing
washer, seat and gasket)
They can be closed with pressure of 50
pounds psi.
More expensive than the ball valve.
Can manage steam under pressure.
Available in a range of sizes, predominantly
from a ½ inch to 4 inches.

11. Pros Cons
Have low friction loss because there is almost
nothing obstructing the flow of the fluid.
They are meant to be fully opened or fully
closed, if it is partially open the vibrations
caused by the fluid flow could damage the
valve.
Cost-effective
Ability to seal tightly, making leakage nearly
impossible.
Handles large flows of fluid and a wide range of
fluids.

12. • Injury through misuse
• Injury from electric
shock
• Risk of infection due
to lack of cleanliness
• Damage to clothing
SAFETY

13. Thanks for your attention