Enbe fp report x city

1. ELEMENTS IN NATURAL AND BUILT
ENVIRONMENT (ENBE)
FINAL PROJECT
R E P O R T
CARDINAL CITY
NAME: JONTHAN LIM
STUDENT ID: 0321119
INTAKE: FNBE AUGUST 2014
DATE: 7TH
NOVEMBER 2014
LECTURER: PN. HASMANIRA

2. INTRODUCTION
20 years in the future, Earth’s magnetic fields have become distorted and has tipped the
balance of magnetic properties on the surface of Earth. Theories behind the cause such as
global warming, mass pollution, and destruction of Mother Nature have been suggested as the
reasons behind the phenomena. However, there has been no consensus behind the true reason
of the phenomenon. Life on the surface of Earth has become almost impossible to live on.
Mankind, sought on to take opportunity of this phenomenon by building a floating city. This
city has a radial design split into 8 platforms with a central magnetic stem that holds them in
place. Built with a magnetic foundation, this city has the ability to suspend itself above
Earth’s surface and rotate its platforms when commanded to. The latest eco-friendly and
green technology has provided a self-sustaining environment and a more intricately organised
plan for this city. This city also offers accurate on-time public transportation services and a
whole new means of personal transportation based on the use of magnetism. When viewed
from its plan, the city takes form of a giant compass. And as compasses rely on magnetism,
this city is built with the ability to fully adapt and utilize the power of magnetism. Its 8
platforms that point in the 8 cardinal directions (North, North-East, East, South-East, South,
South-West, West and North-West) has given itself the name, Cardinal City.

3. PRECEDENT STUDY
ANCIENT CITY
ACOMA PUEBLO
“THE SKY CITY”
Strategically built atop a 357-foot sandstone mesa for defensive purposes, the Acoma Pueblo
is more familiarly known as Sky City. Believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in
the United States, the pueblo was built sometime between 1100 and 1250 A.D.
The name "Acoma" means "People of the White Rock" in the Puebloan Kersan dialect.
The pueblo, covering some 70 acres, is actually comprised of several villages including
Acomita, McCarty’s, Anzac and Sky Line.
The site was chosen, in part, because it provided a defensive position for the tribe against
raiders. Access to the pueblo was difficult as the faces of the mesa are sheer and before
modern times, it could only be accessed by a hand-cut staircase carved into the sandstone.
For centuries the Acoma people have farmed the valley below the Acoma Pueblo using
irrigation canals in the villages closer to the Rio San Jose River. They were also actively
involved in trading, not only with neighbouring pueblos, but, also over long distances with
the Aztec and Mayan peoples.

4. The pueblo was already well established when Francisco Vasquez de Coronadowas the first
European to lay eyes on it in 1540, describing it as: "One of the strongest ever seen, because
the city was built on a high rock. The ascent was so difficult that we repented climbing to the
top."
Almost fifty years later, Sky City was almost destroyed in 1598 when Governor Juan de
Oñate, under orders from the King of Spain, invaded New Mexico, and began staging raids
on Native American pueblosin the area, taking anything of value. When the Spanish soldiers
arrived in the area, they made their headquarters at the Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, formerly
called the San Juan Pueblo, located about 25 miles north of Santa Fe. Upon their arrival, they
removed the Tewa Indians who lived there and used it as a base to stage more raids on
other Native American pueblos in the area.
In December, 1898, a party of Spanish soldiers seeking food arrived at Acoma. Initially, they
were welcomed and treated in a friendly manner until the soldiers turned aggressive and
began to demand grain from the Acoma storehouses, which was needed for the tribe to
survive the winter. Provoking a furious reaction, the Acoma attacked the soldiers, killing 13
of them, including their commander, Juan de Zaldivar, who was a nephew of Juan de Oñate.
In response, Oñate resolved to make an example of Acoma, and dispatched 70 of his best
men, under the command of Vicente de Zaldivar, to attack the Acoma Pueblo. On January 21,
1599, the Spanish troops came into view of the pueblo and the tribe fanned out from their
village to guard the edge of the mesa. As the Spaniards drew closer, the defenders unleashed
a barrage of rocks and arrows down on them. Despite the defensive barrage coming from atop
the mesa, the soldiers fought their way to the top over the next three days. During the battle,
the Spaniards brought a small cannon up the back of the mesa and began firing into the
village. The battle then became a massacre and when it was over, as many as 800 Acoma
people were dead and theirpueblo in ruins.
Afterwards, the survivors were marched to the Santo Domingo Pueblo (now known as
the Kewa Pueblo), where all males over the age of 12 were condemned to 20 years' servitude.
Of the few dozen Acoma men of fighting age who were still alive after the battle, they were
sentenced to have one foot cut off. The surviving children under the age of 12 were taken
from their parents, and given to Spanish missionaries to raise. However, most of them, as
well as the women were sold into slavery. Oñate was later tried, convicted of cruelty
to Indians and colonists, and was banished from New Mexico. However, he appealed the
ruling and was later cleared of all charges. He lived out the rest of his life in Spain.
In the end, the approximate population of the 2,000 people who had lived at the Acoma
Pueblo was reduced to approximately 250 survivors. In time, some of the Acoma people
managed to escape and made their way home, where they began the long process of
rebuilding. Since that time, it has been continuously inhabited and never again fell to an
invader.

5. PRESENT CITY
TOKYO CITY
JAPAN
The mainland portion of Tokyo lies northwest of Tokyo Bay and measures about 90 km
(56 mi) east to west and 25 km (16 mi) north to south. The average elevation in Tokyo is
40 m (131 ft). Chiba Prefecture borders it to the east, Yamanashi to the west, Kanagawa to
the south, and Saitama to the north. Mainland Tokyo is further subdivided into the special
wards (occupying the eastern half) and the Tama area stretching westwards.
Also within the administrative boundaries of Tokyo Metropolis are two island chains in
the Pacific Ocean directly south: the Izu Islands, and the Ogasawara Islands, which stretch
more than 1,000 km (620 mi) away from the mainland. Because of these islands and
mountainous regions to the west, Tokyo's overall population density figures far
underrepresent the real figures for urban and suburban regions of Tokyo.
Under Japanese law, Tokyo is designated as a to, translated as metropolis. Its administrative
structure is similar to that of Japan's other prefectures. Within Tokyo lie dozens of smaller
entities, including many cities, the 23 special wards, districts, towns, villages, a quasi-
national park, and a national park. The 23 special wards, which until 1943 constituted the city

6. of Tokyo, are now separate, self-governing municipalities, each having a mayor, a council,
and the status of a city.
In addition to these 23 special wards, Tokyo also includes 26 more cities, five towns, and
eight villages, each of which has a local government. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is
headed by a publicly elected governor and metropolitan assembly. Its headquarters are in the
ward of Shinjuku. They govern all of Tokyo, including lakes, rivers, dams, farms, remote
islands, and national parks in addition to its neon jungles, skyscrapers and crowded
underground.
Tokyo Metropolis, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the
center of the Greater, and the most populous metropolitan area in the world. It is the seat of
the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial
Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the south-eastern side of the main island Honshu and
includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from
the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo.
Tokyo is often referred to and thought of as a city, but is officially known and governed as a
"metropolitan prefecture", which differs from and combines elements of both a city and a
prefecture; a characteristic unique to Tokyo. The Tokyo metropolitan government
administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which
cover the area that was formerly the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the
subsequent metropolitan prefecture in 1943. The metropolitan government also administers
39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The
population of the special wards is over 9 million people, with the total population of the
prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous
metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world's largest urban
economy. The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest number of any
city. The city is also home of various television networks like Fuji TV and the Tokyo
Broadcasting System.
The city is considered an alpha+ world city—as listed by the GaWC's 2008 inventory—and
in 2014, Tokyo was ranked first in the "Best overall experience" category of TripAdvisor's
World City Survey (the city also ranked first in the following categories: "Helpfulness of
locals", "Nightlife", "Shopping", "Local public transportation" and "Cleanliness of streets").
In 2013, Tokyo was named the third most expensive city for expatriates, according to the
Mercer consulting firm, and the world's most expensive city, according to the Economist's
cost-of-living survey. In 2009 Tokyo was named the third Most Liveable City by the
magazine Monocle. The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars
of any city in the world.

7. FURTHER RESEARCH
BETTER TOWN PLANNING
“CITELUM”
The modern city
Today cities are changing faster than ever before—presenting local governments with
unprecedented challenges. At Citelum, our mission is to bring innovative responses to new
public service management needs. We offer urban electrical equipment systems that can cope
with the often conflicting demands resulting from:
 Rapid city expansion
 An increasingly individualized society
 Pressing environmental concerns
Urban electrical equipment
At Citelum, we have develop substantial expertise in the management of public electricity
grids. Recognized specialists in the management of urban electrical equipment, we now also
offer market-leading urban lighting and traffic management solutions and services:
 Street lighting
 Lighting for heritage buildings and monuments
 Traffic signals
 Access control
 Traffic-light radars
 Electric vehicle charging terminals and stations
 Video surveillance

8. Business lines
Citelum brings users smart urban electrical equipment that contributes to tomorrow’s
environmentally-friendly, communicating city
At Citelum, we have developed substantial expertise in the management of public electricity
grids. Recognized specialists in the management of urban electrical equipment, we now also
offer market-leading urban lighting and traffic management solutions and services. We use
cities’ existing infrastructure to roll out the broad range of new electrical equipment today’s
urban development projects require.
Building on our historic core business, we have expanded into new business lines to help
cities get more than just functional performance out of their lighting systems. We can
leverage existing lighting systems to install and operate new and emerging electrical
equipment including:
 Video surveillance
 Electric vehicle charging terminals and stations
 Access control
 Electronic signage
 Wi-Fi hotspots connected directly to the lighting grid
Our traffic management services also take a big-picture view, going beyond traffic lights to
consider cities’ overall traffic needs, such as:
 Traffic-light radars
 Illuminated bollards
 Illuminated directional signs
 Taxi call boxes
 Traffic measurement systems
Our responsiveness, flexibility, and capacity for innovation allow us to offer comprehensive
management services designed to cover cities’ urban electrical equipment needs from design
to operation.

9. X-city
CARDINAL CITY
ELEVATION

10. STRUCTURE
The plan view of Cardinal City was inspired by the cardinal points of a compass. This idea
was inspired by the integration of the lotus shape flower viewed from the plan view of the
Burj Khalifa.
There are 8 separate platforms according to the 8 cardinal points in a compass. There are 4
major cardinals and 4 minor cardinals all together. Each platform is shaped in the form of an
arrow tip with a quarter circle cut from at the rear end of the arrow tip. These 8 platforms are
suspended around the central stem by magnetism. They are arranged around the stem in a
spiracle manner.
PLAN

11. HOW DOES THE CITY WORK?
Cardinal City uses the concept and principles of a solenoid to generate its magnetic fields.
SOLENOID:
A solenoid is a coil of wire in a corkscrew shape wrapped around
a piston, often made of iron. As in all electromagnets, a magnetic
field is created when an electric current passes through the wire.
Electromagnets have an advantage over permanent
magnets in that they can be switched on and off by the
application or removal of the electric current, which is what
makes them useful as switches and valves and allows them to be
entirely automated.
Like all magnets, the magnetic field of an activated solenoid has
positive and negative poles that will attract or repel material
sensitive to magnets. In a solenoid, the electromagnetic
field causes the piston to either move backward or forward, which is how motion is created
by a solenoid coil.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Cardinal City’s central stem is constructed out of iron core material with necessary building
elements built in such as piping, wiring, and etc. that will be connected to the each individual
platform. Wrapped around the central stem is a large low resistant coil coiled from the
lightning conductor at the tip of the city’s central stem to the end of the stem. When lightning
strikes the lightning conductor, the energy produced by the lightning will be converted into
electric current (I) to be sent down the coil. However when lightning is not present, a large
magnet is oscillated up and down the central stem that will induce current in the coil based on
the physics concept of Lenz Law and Faraday’s Law. Together, the stem and the coil
becomes a solenoid making it possible for the city to produce its own magnetic fields. Having
the ability to alternate its poles and strength of magnetism, Cardinal City floats and
manoeuvres above the Earth’s surface with no difficulties (Diagram 1). The platforms are
constructed out of composite material (mixture of metallic and silicate compounds) with
magnetic based properties. *platforms are mainly suspended by magnetism. Suspended by
magnetism, the 8 cardinal platforms have the ability to rotate around its axis (Diagram 2).
This ability serves as a tool for the agricultural platform to provide maximum sunlight for all
greenery to produce goods at an optimum level according to the demand of the people on the
city.

12. Diagram 1
Diagram 2

13. ZONING
Government
buildings
Education
areas
Industrial areas Forests and Green
areas
Business areas Religious and
Cultural areas
Residential Agricultural
areas
Commercial
areas
Hospitals Community
areas
Hospitality and
Tourism areas
Recreational
areas
Service areas Port and
Shipping area
Police

14. FEATURES
SOURCES OF POWER
Cardinal City is an eco-friendly and green city. Hence, many green features and technology
have been implanted into the city’s building structure. Cardinal City takes advantage of its
natural surroundings to convert it into energy for the use of the city and its people.
SOLAR ENERGY:
Solar power is the most viable power sources to be used in Cardinal City. The reason is
simple, Cardinal City receives more sunlight than there is on the Earth’s surface. Modern
solar panels have been modified to fully absorb sunlight radiation at its maximum capacity
and convert its energy into any type of useable energy for the public to use. Infrastructure and
residential structures will have solar panels integrated into its building. Besides, solar energy
will also be used for everyday energy consumption such as converting solar energy into
electrical energy to recharge your electric car as shown in the picture above and etc.
Solar Panels will bring benefits such as:
 Reduce – or even eliminate – your power bills
 Avoid future energy price hikes
 Help reduce your carbon footprint as it is a clean energy alternative
 Eliminate any contribution to global warming, acid rain or smog - solar power
actively contributes to the decrease of harmful greenhouse gas emissions
 Solar energy produces no waste and no pollution
 Increase the value of your property
 Sell electricity back to the grid
 Cut your carbon footprint

15. WIND ENERGY:
Cardinal City is in no short
supply of wind energy as
wind is directed into the city’s
wind turbines. A similar
design from the image on the
left of wind turbines will be
built in at the sides of the
platforms. The motion
generated by the turbines will
then be converted into the
required type of energy used
by the city and its people.
LIGHTNING ENERGY:
Lighting energy is converted into a large electric current
that is used to generate magnetic fields as it passes
through the coil when lightning strikes the lightning
conductor at the tip of the city.
MAGNETIC ENERGY:
(BASED ON LENZ LAW AND FARADAY’S LAW)
An electric
current induced
by a changing
magnetic field
will flow such
that it will create
its own magnetic
field that opposes
the magnetic field
that created
it. These opposing fields occupying the same space at the same time result in a pair of
forces. These forces are felt when you turn a generator and generate electricity. The more
current you generate, the greater the force opposing you. ~The induced current generated by
the magnets is then used to power the coil when lightning is not present and it is also used to
provide power to the city and its people.

16. MAGNETIC TRANSPORTATION
CONCEPTUAL IDEAS
Cardinal City provides extremely fast and clean transportation systems with promises of zero-
carbon dioxide emissions. This promise is accomplished by the means of MAG-LEV
(magnetic levitation) integrated in the city’s’ transportation layout including the central stem.
In this accident-free, computer-controlled system, vehicles move at speeds of 80 to 100 miles
per hour. All personal, public and service transportations all negotiate the MAG-LEV system.
PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION:
VEHICLES
The discussion gravitated from traveling in
personal cabins, into the direction of a futuristic
car which works on a MAG-LEV system –
something between a capsule and a car.
The result is a car which travels up an apartment
building, for example, to "dock" at a person's
residence. Once there, a door slides open that
doubles as a living room window; at that point, the car’s seats can even provide additional
seating in the living room. While parked, the car performs maintenance checks, auto-repairs,
recharges and self-cleans.
When residents enter their car to depart back onto the system, they are essentially stepping
from the living room into another room of the house. In fact, inside the car, the seats and
furnishings bear more relation to a room environment than a car. Highly-styled, comfortable
seats conform to individual bodies; seating configurations can be changed so passengers can
face forward or each other. The entire environment lends itself to a video screen which allows
the "driver" to perform a multitude of functions…none of which has to do with driving.

17. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION:
TRAINS (USED ON CENTRAL STEM ONLY)
Train stations, while critical for sustainable transportation, take up a lot of room in a city with
their long platforms and tracks. Flip it vertically though and place the station, platforms and
tracks in a tower and you've just freed up a ton of space. That's the concept behind
this Hyper-Speed Vertical Train Hub, which could literally flip high speed rail on its head.
The high speed rail runs on magnetic tracks that continue up the side of the tower station.
Inside the train are modular passenger compartments that can swivel and rotate like a Ferris
Wheel, but the compartments remain in position to keep the passengers upright.
~The Hyper Speed Vertical Train Hub is the ideal train for Cardinal City as it can travel
along the city’s central stem. The train floats momentarily to reach the station on the
platforms.
BUSES
The Magnaline 3000 was
fourteen meters long, and
had a maximum speed of
200 kph. The airbus was
propelled by a powerful
rear thruster, though also
operated on
six repulsorlift drives
(magnetic). Within, the
airbus could accommodate thirty-two passengers, with information screens allowing them to
view travel times and routes through “Galactic City”, as well as various forms of
entertainment. The control cabin was located at the rear of the airbus, with the pilot riding
high above the passengers.

18. PUBLIC/PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION:
BICYCLE (USED ON PLATFORMS ONLY)
A concept bike that literally levitates
to reduce friction. By using the
impetus of the bicycle, power is
generated and magnetism brings the
rear of the bike up until the gear is in
the center of the back wheel,
connected only by the power of the
magnets. As the speed increases,
kinetic energy takes over and the rear
of bike starts to climb upwards,
which decreases wind resistance and
absorbs the impact from stones and
bumps. The gear mechanism on the
back wheel also separates once the bike goes fast enough to lift off the ground. When you
slow down, the bike is just like any other rolling on the streets.
DEFENSIVE SYSTEMS
FORCE FIELDS (DEFENSIVE)
In fictional works, a force field, sometimes known as
an energy shield, force shield, or deflector shield, is a
barrier made up of energy or particles. It protects a
person, area or object from attacks or intrusions. This
technology is created as a field of energy without mass
that acts as a wall, so that objects affected by the
particular force relating to the field are unable to pass
through the field and reach the other side. The city’s force fields is generated by the magnetic
core in its central stem, creating powerful fields of energy. The force field protects the city
from all harm and danger be it nature or foreign enemy.

19. TURRETS (OFFENSIVE)
Hidden turrets are retracted in the city’s platforms at strategic locations and is kept away
from sight. However, whenever needed to, the turrets will automatically target any hostile
enemies and shoot them down if necessary. The turrets can rotate 360 degrees on its
horizontal axis and 180 degrees on its vertical axis.
MILITARY (OFFENSIVE / DEFENSIVE)
Cardinal City also relies on its own military might to counter any hostile enemies. The
military is more airborne trained and has more jet fighters than foot soldiers as the city floats
in the sky. The military will fight in the air to make sure that the city stays floating and safe.

20. EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
Within each platform are emergency escape shuttle in an event of the City’s destruction or
collapse. In the 4 major cardinal platforms carry 2 shuttles each, whereas in the other 4 minor
cardinals carry only 1 shuttle each. Citizens access the shuttles from a surface entrance on the
platform that will funnel them into the shuttles. Once boarded, the bottom of the platforms
will fold in and the shuttles will be released.
The shuttles will either carry its passengers to Cardinal City’s sister city in Earth’s orbit or at
a survivable location on Earth’s surface.
EXPLORATION
TERRESTIAL SCAVENGER SPACE EXPLORER
The Terrestrial Scavenger and the Space Explorer are modern aged vehicles designed for
scientific and survival purposes and is docked in Cardinal City’s port. The terrestrial
scavenger has the ability to levitate itself but not beyond Earth’s orbit by the means of
magnetism. Its primary purpose is to scavenge Earth’s surface for minerals and other useful
items and then deliver its findings to the City. There are several Terrestrial Scavenger’s used
by the city to increase efficiency in their findings. The Space Explorer on the other hand,
travels at light speed to discover other planets and solar systems. It also collects samples and
records where ever it has travelled to. There are only a few of these ships docked at the City’s
port.

21. SCENERY
Scenic view from the edge of any
platform at night. The moon can be
clearly seen over the horizon of
clouds.
Vista: Sitting in a café at the edge of the
city’s platform with a full view of the
cloud horizon and tips of mountains.
Conceptual: Walk way along the
city’s edge. Bringing a very scenic
and warm ambiance to the City.
Within the City are beautifully designed
gardens filled with a diverse choice of
plants.

22. Conceptual: Promenades,
monuments and squares can also
be found on City grounds.
RESIDENTIAL HOUSING
Conceptual: Residential
housing structures have been
specifically modified to
withstand sudden changes in
climate and other occurring
phenomenon in the sky.
Eco-friendly technology also
have been integrated into
every housing building. E.g.
Solar panels, rain water
filters and etc.

23. COMMAND TOWER
The command tower is located beneath the lightning conductor at the tip of the City’s central
stem. It is a halo shaped structure with a garden and water features on top of it where it is
open for public viewing. The command tower is protected by extremely thick glass that is
used in space shuttle cockpits and can withstand any shock or impact against it. The
command tower is the brains of the city as it controls the rotation of the city, the speed of the
magnet in the stem, primary communications, computer-controlled transportation system, the
mobility of the city, energy distribution, city systems and its defensive mechanisms.
TOURISM
Cardinal City also provides a unique tourist feature through
a VI (Virtual Intelligence) program console that can be
located at attractive locations and places of history or
interest. The VI is an interactable program that answers
users’ questions promptly and politely.

24. UTILITIES DISTRIBUTION
WATER AND ELECTRICITY
Above Cardinal City’s command tower is a reservoir for rainwater collection, the rain water
is then filtered through a water filter then through water pipes built in the central stem. 8
pipes flow from the reservoir to each platform through water piping along the platforms
attachment to the central stem. Water is then evenly distributed in a pipe network
underground to any tap on the platform.
Electricity is generated by the induction of current from the magnet and solenoid. Electricity
is also briefly provided by lightning strikes. Electricity is distributed from the coil itself
wrapped with heavy duty insulation connected to each individual platform. Under each
platform, the coil splits into optic fibre wires to be distributed to any electrical required
appliance.
INDUSTRIAL AND DISPOSALS
All industrial buildings are located on the last platform along with the smart disposal
processor. All industrial buildings are built with eco-friendly designs such as a catalytic filter
so that no black carbon smoke emissions will be released, its machine powered by green
energy, and with the smart disposal processor, no release of toxic substances. The smart
disposal processor is modern technology that can separate recyclable and non-recyclable
material. Recycle material is converted back into usable forms of the material while
converting the non-recyclable material into clean energy by processing it through an infinite
amount of filters until it is diminished.
Conclusion
Cardinal City is a self-sustaining city that will provide for its inhabitants. The city itself will
always stay true to its function as engineers and specialist are always monitoring the city’s
structure and its systems. Selected individuals are elected to become a democratic
government to always to take care and to fulfil the people’s needs. Cardinal City’s police
force is of the best breed and will always take care of the safety of the people in the city. The
city earns its income through its intricately designed port that is a trading port for all other
cities around the world as it can place itself at strategic locations for trading. *like the country
Singapore as it is located at strategic location for trading… This city also focuses on its
scientific research, academic excellence and business trades. Recreational and entertainment
facilities are also blooming industries that provide limitless entertainment for the people.
Clean, efficient, modern and entertaining are what makes Cardinal City the city that it is…

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