Moving pixels on someone else's screen: introduction to Unity networking

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Multiplayer games are indeed one of the most involving and addictive gaming experiences you could offer to anyone. Everything is simply more funny if you can challenge your friends! 🎮 Although nowadays Unity is hugely simplifying game development, when talking about making a real-time multiplayer game there are still some non-trivial concepts and different patterns to deal with ☝️ We will explore some of the "quirks and features" that Unity offers to the developers in support of this task, from the ready to use Matchmaker down to bit-a-bit messages serialization 👾 Github repo for the demo: https://github.com/BelkaLab/unity-networking-demo

Software

MOVING PIXELS ON
SOMEONE ELSE'S
SCREEN
INTRODUCTION TO UNITY NETWORKING

HELLO 👋
Massimo Frasson
Giovanni Frigo
Computer Science student,
Game developer @ Belka
CTO & Co-founder of Belka

So, you want to develop
a multiplayer videogame?

The main objective:
synchronizing things

Network Stack in Unity
You were
here
>Your scripts here<

Server + Client 1
State sync: built-in objects
NetworkManager Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Player 1
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Player 2
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Client 2
Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Player 1
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Player 2
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Player n
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Player n
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Client n
Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Player 1
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Player 2
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Player n
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Scene
Player 1
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Player 2
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform
Player n
… 
• NetworkIdentity 
• NetworkTransform

State sync
The Network Identity component
controls a GameObject’s unique
identity on the network, and it
uses that identity to make the
networking system aware of the
GameObject.
• Unity-speciﬁc objects (position, rotation,
animation..)
• Simple variables (int, ﬂoat, ..)
• Everything serializable! (custom classes)

State sync
Sets the Unique ID of this
object on the network, so that
we know who has changes

State sync: built-in objects
This is cool!
How can I replicate it also for more
generic variables?

State sync: variables
Let’s set a random color to each player and keep it
synced!

State sync: variables
The [SyncVar] attribute tells the
server that once the variable is
changed on the server, it should also
inform everyone else about it

State sync: pretty much
anything serializable!
• Basic types (integers, strings, ﬂoats, …)
• Unity types (Vector3, Color, …)
• Serializable objects
• Structs made up by types above

State sync: variables
Server + Client 1
NetworkManager Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Player 1
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player 2
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Client 2
Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Player 1
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player n
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Client n
Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Player 1
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player 2
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player n
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Color SyncVar 
updates
Scene
Player 2
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player n
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player 1
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color

State sync: variables
How can I set the color into the server?
🤔

State sync: variables
Server + Client 1
NetworkManager Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Client 2
Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Client n
Other scene objects
(terrain, camera, light)
Scene
CmdChangeColor
Player 2
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player n
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player 1
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player 1
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player 1
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player 2
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player n
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player 2
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color
Player n
… 
• ColorController 
-[SyncVar] Color

Commands
The Client asks the server to perform an
action
The code is executed on the Server

RPC
The Server tells the client to execute some
code
The code is executed on each of the Clients

BUT
..it can get messy, if for each action
you always have the RPC and
Commands in the same ﬁle!

Messages
Used to send some info from a
speciﬁc client to another

DEMO TIME!
Belka
Code: github.com/BelkaLab/unity-networking-demo

THANKS!
Questions?
@MaxFrax96
@john_frigo

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Moving pixels on someone else's screen: introduction to Unity networking

1. MOVING PIXELS ON SOMEONE ELSE'S SCREEN INTRODUCTION TO UNITY NETWORKING

2. HELLO 👋 Massimo Frasson Giovanni Frigo Computer Science student, Game developer @ Belka CTO & Co-founder of Belka

3. So, you want to develop a multiplayer videogame?

4. LET’S DO THIS!

5. The main objective: synchronizing things

6. The old-fashioned way 👶

7. The old-fashioned way #

8. The old-fashioned way 👴

9. The old-fashioned way 💀

10. Sounds like a lot of work!

11. TO THE RESCUE!

12. Network Stack in Unity You were here >Your scripts here<

13. Setting up a multiplayer scene

14. Setting up a multiplayer scene

15. Setting up a multiplayer scene

16. Setting up a multiplayer scene

17. Setting up a multiplayer scene

18. SYNCING THE STATE

19. Server + Client 1 State sync: built-in objects NetworkManager Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Client 2 Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Client n Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Scene Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform

20. State sync The Network Identity component controls a GameObject’s unique identity on the network, and it uses that identity to make the networking system aware of the GameObject. • Unity-speciﬁc objects (position, rotation, animation..) • Simple variables (int, ﬂoat, ..) • Everything serializable! (custom classes)

21. State sync Sets the Unique ID of this object on the network, so that we know who has changes

22. State sync: built-in objects

23. Server + Client 1 State sync: built-in objects NetworkManager Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Client 2 Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Client n Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Scene Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform

24. Server + Client 1 State sync: built-in objects NetworkManager Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Client 2 Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Client n Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player 2 …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform Player n …  • NetworkIdentity  • NetworkTransform NetworkTransform  updates Scene

25. State sync: built-in objects This is cool! How can I replicate it also for more generic variables?

26. State sync: variables Let’s set a random color to each player and keep it synced!

27. State sync: variables The [SyncVar] attribute tells the server that once the variable is changed on the server, it should also inform everyone else about it

28. State sync: pretty much anything serializable! • Basic types (integers, strings, ﬂoats, …) • Unity types (Vector3, Color, …) • Serializable objects • Structs made up by types above

29. State sync: pretty much anything serializable! • Basic types (integers, strings, ﬂoats, …) • Unity types (Vector3, Color, …) • Serializable objects • Structs made up by types above Bonus: Lists of the primitive types above!

30. COMMANDS & RPC

31. State sync: variables Server + Client 1 NetworkManager Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player 2 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Client 2 Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player n …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Client n Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Player 1 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player 2 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player n …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Color SyncVar  updates Scene Player 2 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player n …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player 1 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color

32. State sync: variables How can I set the color into the server? 🤔

33. State sync: variables Server + Client 1 NetworkManager Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Client 2 Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Client n Other scene objects (terrain, camera, light) Scene CmdChangeColor Player 2 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player n …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player 1 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player 1 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player 1 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player 2 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player n …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player 2 …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color Player n …  • ColorController  -[SyncVar] Color

34. Commands The Client asks the server to perform an action The code is executed on the Server

35. Commands This is executed on server!

36. RPC The Server tells the client to execute some code The code is executed on each of the Clients

37. RPC

38. RPC Client

39. RPC Client Server

40. RPC Client Server Client

41. BUT ..it can get messy, if for each action you always have the RPC and Commands in the same ﬁle!

42. GOING FURTHER

43. Messages Used to send some info from a speciﬁc client to another

44. DEMO TIME! Belka Code: github.com/BelkaLab/unity-networking-demo

45. THANKS! Questions? @MaxFrax96 @john_frigo

46. @MaxFrax96 @john_frigo

Moving pixels on someone else's screen: introduction to Unity networking

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