1. GLOBAL DIVIDES PRESENTATION

2. GLOBAL
SOUTH
GLOBAL ISSUES GLOBAL
NORTH
SOCIAL ECONOMIC POLITICAL
POVERTY UNEMPLOYMENT CORRUPTION
PROSTITUTION THE CHALLENGE OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
HUMAN RIGHTS
ABUSE
GENDER
INEQUALITY
RISING COST OF
LIVING
LACK OF
ACCOUNTABILITY
FOR STATE-
SPONSORED
ABUSES
GENDER
INEQUALITY
WON’S EXCHANGE
RATE
WORKER’S RIGHTS
BRAZIL DETENTION
CONDITION
INFLATION
FOREIGN POLICY
COUNTERTERRORISM UK’S “MINI BUDGET” FOREIGN POLICY

3. GLOBAL SOUTH
POVERTY
• The rate of poverty in India is increasing because of
the increase in the urban population. The rural
people are migrating to cities to find better
employment. Most of these people find an
underpaid job or an activity that pays only for their
food. Most importantly, around crores of urban
people are below the poverty line and many of the
people are on the borderline of poverty.
INDIA

4. GLOBAL SOUTH
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• Unemployment in India is a significant barrier to growth.
Some of the causes of unemployment in India include a lack
of education, a lack of employment prospects, and
performance problems. To solve this issue, the Indian
government must act decisively. The unemployment in
India rate is one of the key issues that emerging nations
deal with. It has a number of other detrimental effects on
both the person and society at large, making it one of the
main barriers to the nation’s economic growth.
INDIA

5. GLOBAL
SOUTH
• CORRUPTION
• Corruption in the Indian society has prevailed from time immemorial in one form or
the other. The basic inception of corruption started with our opportunistic leaders
who have already done greater damage to our nation. People who work on right
principles are unrecognized and considered to be foolish in the modern society.
Corruption in India is a result of the connection between bureaucrats, politicians
and criminals. Earlier, bribes were paid for getting wrong things done, but now
bribe is paid for getting right things done at right time. Further, corruption has
become something respectable in India, because respectable people are involved
in it. Social corruption like less weighing of products, adulteration in edible items,
and bribery of various kind have incessantly prevailed in the society.
INDIA

6. • GENDER INEQUALITY
• While Thailand enacted the Gender Equality Act in 2015, implementation remains
problematic. There has been little progress in the parliamentary review of the Life
Partnership Bill. If enacted, this law will be an important step towards recognizing
the fundamental dignity of same-sex couples and providing them with important
legal protections. The current draft, however, still needs improvements to comply
with international standards on equality and non-discrimination. On September 28,
the Constitutional Court postponed its ruling on whether the Civil and Commercial
Code, which currently only recognizes marriage between a man and a woman,
contravenes the constitution.
THAILAND

7. • RISING COST OF LIVING
• Disruption in the supply chain could push up the
prices of goods and services. Consumers are
already faced with the problem of the rising cost
of living due to higher bills for fresh foods and
energy.
• A sharp fall in supply of pork caused by a swine
epidemic combined with pent up demand has
already driven pork prices to went up. In attempt
to address the issue of the rising cost of living
the government of Thailand announced
measures, including compensating farmers
affected by African swine flu.
THAILAND

8. • LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR STATE-SPONSORED ABUSES
• Despite evidence showing that soldiers were responsible for most of the casualties
during the 2010 political confrontations with the United Front for Democracy Against
Dictatorship (the “Red Shirts”) that left at least 99 dead and more than 2,000 injured,
no military personnel or officials from the government of then-Prime Minister Abhisit
Vejjajiva have been charged.
• The government also has failed to pursue criminal investigations of extrajudicial killings
related to anti-drug operations, especially the more than 2,800 killings that
accompanied then-Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra’s “war on drugs” in 2003
THAILAND

9. • DETENTION CONDITION
• The cramped quarters, poor ventilation, and inadequate health care services
prevalent in Brazil’s detention centers created an increased risk of Covid-19
outbreaks. As of December 2020, about 670,000 adults were being held in jails and
prisons, exceeding maximum capacity by 47 percent, and another 139,000 were
under house arrest, the Justice Ministry reported. In February 2021, the National
Mechanism for the Prevention and Combat of Torture (MNPCT, in Portuguese)
reported up to 13 people were being held in cells designed for one person in a prison
in Acre state.
BRAZIL

10. • INFLATION
• High commodity prices and strong global demand for goods allowed
Brazil’s export to surge since the pandemic hit. However, export growth
is expected to come down. A weaker global economic environment , the
threat of global recession, and the related drop in commodity prices will
all lower demand for Brazil’s largest exports, which include iron ore, crude
petroleum, and soybeans, have all posted price declines this year.
BRAZIL

11. • FOREIGN POLICY
• In international forums, Brazil continued to oppose references to “sexual and
reproductive” rights.
• At the UN Human Rights Council, Brazil abstained from a resolution to launch an
investigation into crimes committed during the conflict between Israel and Hamas in
Gaza. Brazil also opposed a WHO resolution to provide health support to Palestinians,
including Covid-19 vaccines.
• At the World Trade Organization, Brazil opposed waiving certain intellectual property
rights to increase Covid-19 vaccine manufacturing and allow fairer access for low-
income countries; in June 2021, authorities indicated they might reassess that position.
• In May 2021, Brazil ratified the Inter-American Convention against Racism, Racial
Discrimination and Related Forms of Intolerance.
BRAZIL

12. GLOBAL NORTH • PROSTITUTION
• Prostitution in Canada has had a long history. Prostitution is the
exchange of money in return for sexual favors. The most
commonly thought of form of prostitution is street-based but this
makes up a portion of the trade. Other forms include escort
services and brothels, to name a few. Prostitution has been legal
in Canada for hundreds of years, as Canada inherited their laws
from England, but there have been several laws aimed at
preventing it. These laws include prohibitions on brothels,
communication in public for the purpose of prostitution, and
making a living off of prostitution.
CANADA

13. CANADA
• THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
• At the heart of the climate change problem is what economists call an “externality.”
Through their everyday activities of production and consumption, firms and
households emit GHGs into the atmosphere and thus impose costs on others
“external” to their market transactions. The emitters are not required to bear the full
costs of their actions, and the predictable result is excessive GHG emissions. In
situations of this kind, government action is necessary to force emitters to face the full
cost of their actions. In a 2008 open letter to Canada’s political leaders, 230 university
economists argued that a government policy attaching a price to GHG emissions is a
necessary first step in addressing this daunting challenge.

14. CANADA • HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE
• Since 2011, Human Rights Watch has urged the Canadian government
to establish an ombudsperson’s office with a mandate to
independently investigate and publicly report on human rights abuses
involving Canadian extractive companies. In January, the Trudeau
government announced the creation of a new Canadian
Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise (CORE) tasked with
investigating “allegations of human rights abuses linked to Canadian
corporate activity abroad.” The ombudsperson will focus on the
mining, oil and gas, and garment sectors. The government
announced that it may withhold support, including financial support,
from companies that are found to have committed violations.

15. SOUTH KOREA • GENDER INEQUALITY
• Gender equality is a central issue of this conundrum, and Korean women are
on the frontline of the struggle. As it is interlinked with many social and
economic issues, policy measures enhancing gender equality benefit not only
women, but also those who are underprivileged. Therefore, enhancing
gender equality should be approached in a broader context of addressing the
mega-challenges that Korea is currently confronting. Unless these challenges
are properly addressed before it is too late, true advancement of Korea will
remain elusive.

16. SOUTH KOREA • WON’S EXCHANGE RATE
• Since the South Korean government fixed the Won to the US
Dollar, when the US dollar appreciated in 1997, it resulted in
Won also appreciating. Since the US dollar is flexible exchange
rate, its appreciation was due to millions of individual investors
judging its value to have improved. In contrast, the Won
appreciated simply because it was arbitrarily fixed to the US
dollar. In fact, the underlying economic fundamentals of rapidly
declining exports and rising imports indicated that the Won
was overvalued.

17. SOUTH KOREA
• WORKER’S RIGHTS
• South Korea joined the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1991
but has only ratified four of the ILO’s eight core conventions. On July 7,
the cabinet approved the Labor Ministry’s motion for parliamentary
ratification of three ILO conventions on freedom of association, the
right to organize and collectively bargain, and the prohibition of forced
labor.
• On September 3, the Supreme Court overturned a problematic 2013
decision outlawing the Korean Teachers and Education Workers’ Union,
and restored the union’s legal status.

18. ENGLAND
• COUNTERTERRORISM
• About 100 UK nationals, including 60 children, remain held without
judicial review in squalid camps and prisons for ISIS suspects and
family members in northeast Syria. In July, the Court of Appeal in
London ruled that Shamima Begum, an Islamic State (ISIS) suspect
stripped of her UK citizenship in 2019 after travelling to Syria as a
teenager, should be able to return from detention in northeast Syria
to the UK to challenge the deprivation of her nationality.

19. ENGLAND
• UK’S “MINI BUDGET”
• The world’s eyes were on Britain during the Queen’s funeral on Monday,
September 19, 2022. It was a somber, dignified, and stately affair. The
following Friday, new Prime Minister Liz Truss and her finance minister,
Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng, announced their tax and spending plans. This
“mini-budget” was the exact opposite — it promptly drove the pound
down to its lowest level against the dollar in history, caused a collapse in
the price of UK government bonds (“gilts”), and almost caused a collapse
in pension funds on the scale of the global financial crisis. The IMF rebuked
the plan, warning that they would stoke economic inequality.

20. ENGLAND
• FOREIGN POLICY
• The UK government’s global human rights sanctions mechanism
launched in July, allowing asset freezes and travel bans for those
implicated in killings, torture, and forced labor. The mechanism
underscored the need for a human rights strategy to ensure a more
consistent approach to rights in UK foreign policy.
• The welcome initial designation of officials from Saudi Arabia over the
state killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi was overshadowed by a
decision to resume arms sales to the Saudi-led coalition the following
day, despite clear evidence of the coalition’s responsibility for war crimes
in Yemen.