Architectural conservation_laws and practices_authenticity

ARCH- 4523
Section B
Architectural Conservation
Joarder Hafiz Ullah
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Architecture,
DUET, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Authenticity | Lecture 02
Conservation laws and practices:
Authenticity

Authenticity | Lecture 02
1. “Antiquity”
2. BNBC-
• Definitions of Conservation
General Guidelines for
Heritage Buildings and Sites
• Promote cultural continuity
• Integrate development with conservation
3. Outstanding Universal Value
• Authenticity
• Aspects of Authenticity
Today's Learning

“Antiquity” means-
I. any ancient product of human activity, movable
or immovable, illustrative of art, architecture,
craft, custom, literature, morals, politics, religion,
warfare, science or of any aspect of civilization or
culture,
II. any ancient object or site of historical,
ethnographical, anthropological, military or
scientific interest, and
III. any other ancient object or class of such objects
declared by the Government, by notification in
the official Gazette to be an antiquity for the
purposes of this Act;
THE ANTIQUITIES ACT, 1968
(ACT NO. XIV OF 1968).
http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/print_sections_all.php?id=353
http://www.archsociety.com/news.php?extend.152

https://law.resource.org/pub/bd/bnbc.2012/gov.bd.bnbc.2012.09.03.pdf
BNBC(BANGLADESH NATIONAL BUILDING CODE)
Chapter 03
Conservation and rehabilitation of historical and cultural heritage
Conceptual Definitions of
Conservation
a) Planned management of a natural resource / ecosystem or
particular built form or environment to prevent exploitation,
pollution, destruction or neglect to ensure the future usability
of the resource.
b) Retention of existing buildings or groups of buildings,
landscapes etc. taking care not to alter or destroy character
or detail, even though repairs or changes may be necessary.
Conservation conventionally is concerned to preserve as
much original fabric as possible.
BNBC

In order to promote historical and cultural continuity and to
encourage broad civic participation in all kinds of cultural
activities, the Government at the appropriate levels, including the
local authorities, should undertake the following:
a) Identify and document, whenever possible, the historical and cultural
significance of areas, sites, landscapes, ecosystems, buildings and
other objects and manifestations
b) Establish conservation goals relevant to the cultural and spiritual
development of the society;
c) Promote awareness of heritage in order to highlight its value and the
need for its conservation and the financial viability of rehabilitation;
d) Encourage and support the local heritage and cultural institutions,
association and communities in their conservation and rehabilitation
efforts and inculcate in children and youth an adequate sense of their
heritage;
e) Promote adequate financial and legal support for the effective
protection of cultural heritage;
f) Promote education and training in traditional skills in all disciplines
appropriate to the conservation and promotion of heritage.
BNBC
General
Guidelines
for Heritage
Buildings
and Sites

To integrate development with conservation and
rehabilitation goals, the Government at appropriate levels, including
Ministries, local authorities and municipalities, shall undertake the
following:
a) Recognizing that historical and cultural heritage is an important
asset,
b) Preserve the inherited historical settlement and landscape forms,
while protecting the integrity of the historical urban fabric and
thereby guiding new construction in historical areas;
c) Provide adequate legal and financial support for the
implementation of conservation and rehabilitation activities, in
particular through adequate training of specialized human resources;
d) Promote incentives for such conservation and rehabilitation to
public, private and non‐ profit developers;
e) Promote community based action for the conservation
f) Support public and private sector and community partnership
g) Ensure the incorporation of environmental degradation of
historical and cultural areas;
h) Ensure the accessibility
BNBCGeneral
Guidelines for
Heritage
Buildings and
Sites

Criteria for protection of a Heritage Building / monument
• Identification
• Categorization
• Chronology
• Documentation
• Community Participation
• Protection of the building / site
• Use Original Elements
BNBC

CULTURAL Heritage:
Tangible Heritage Historic Precincts of Cities:
Culturally significant modern buildings and towns
Intangible Heritage Extant culture of traditional buildings, skills and knowledge Rites and
Ritual Social life and Life style of the inhabitants

Man Made Heritage:
1. Archaeological (Sub structure)
2. Architectural ( Super structure)
3. Movables ( Painting, sculpture etc.)
Coservation Basics | Lecture 01
Natural Heritage:
ex. Sundarban
CULTURAL Heritage

OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE
Illustration of the three pillars of Outstanding Universal Value. All three must be in place for a property to meet the requirements of the World Heritage LIst
The three pillars of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV)
1. Meets Criteria
2. Integrity and Authenticity.
3. Protection and Management
To become listed in UNESCO world heritage sites one historic site has to achieve

Authenticity
• Ability of a property to convey its significance over time
• A measure of the degree to which the heritage values of the
property may be understood to be truthfully, genuinely and
credibly expressed by the attributes carrying the values.

Aspects of Authenticity
1. Form and design
2. Materials and substance
3. Use and function
4. Traditions, techniques and management systems
5. Location and setting
6. Spirit and feeling
7. Language, and other forms of intangible heritage
8. Other internal and external factors

Form and design
Sydney Opera House, Australia
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/166
Inaugurated in 1973, the Sydney Opera
House is a great architectural work of
the 20th century that brings together
multiple strands of creativity and
innovation in both architectural form
and structural design. A great urban
sculpture set in a remarkable
waterscape, at the tip of a peninsula
projecting into Sydney Harbour, the
building has had an enduring influence
on architecture. The Sydney Opera
House comprises three groups of
interlocking vaulted ‘shells’ which roof
two main performance halls and a
restaurant. These shell-structures are
set upon a vast platform and are
surrounded by terrace areas that
function as pedestrian concourses. In
1957, when the project of the Sydney
Opera House was awarded by an
international jury to Danish architect
Jørn Utzon, it marked a radically new
approach to construction.
01

Taj Mahal, India
form and design

Material and Substance
Great Zimbabwe,
Zimbabwe
02
The ruins of Great Zimbabwe – the
capital of the Queen of Sheba,
according to an age-old legend – are a
unique testimony to the Bantu
civilization of the Shona between the
11th and 15th centuries. The city,
which covers an area of nearly 80 ha,
was an important trading centre and
was renowned from the Middle Ages
onwards.

Material and Substance
Kasubi Tombs,
Uganda
The Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi constitute a site embracing
almost 30 ha of hillside within Kampala district. Most of the site is
agricultural, farmed by traditional methods. At its core on the hilltop is
the former palace of the Kabakas of Buganda, built in 1882 and
converted into the royal burial ground in 1884. Four royal tombs now
lie within the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga, the main building, which is
circular and surmounted by a dome. It is a major example of an
architectural achievement in organic materials, principally wood,
thatch, reed, wattle and daub. The site's main significance lies,
however, in its intangible values of belief, spirituality, continuity and
identity.

Use and Function
Galle Fort,
Sri Lanka
Founded in the 16th century by the
Portuguese, Galle reached the height
of its development in the 18th century,
before the arrival of the British. It is the
best example of a fortified city built by
Europeans in South and South-East
Asia, showing the interaction between
European architectural styles and
South Asian traditions.
03

Tradition, techniques and management systems
Kandy, Sri Lanka
Sacred Tooth relic shrine and rituals
This sacred Buddhist site,
popularly known as the city of
Senkadagalapura, was the
last capital of the Sinhala
kings whose patronage
enabled the Dinahala culture
to flourish for more than 2,500
years until the occupation of
Sri Lanka by the British in
1815. It is also the site of the
Temple of the Tooth Relic (the
sacred tooth of the Buddha),
which is a famous pilgrimage
site.
04

Location and setting
Stone Henge,UK
Stonehenge and Avebury, in Wiltshire, are among the
most famous groups of megaliths in the world. The two
sanctuaries consist of circles of menhirs arranged in a
pattern whose astronomical significance is still being
explored. These holy places and the nearby Neolithic
sites are an incomparable testimony to prehistoric
times.
05

Sigiriya,Sri Lanka
location and setting
The ruins of the capital built by the parricidal King
Kassapa I (477–95) lie on the steep slopes and at the
summit of a granite peak standing some 180m high (the
'Lion's Rock', which dominates the jungle from all sides).
A series of galleries and staircases emerging from the
mouth of a gigantic lion constructed of bricks and plaster
provide access to the site.

Spirit and Feeling
Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C.
in the famous gardens of Lumbini, which soon became a place
of pilgrimage. Among the pilgrims was the Indian emperor
Ashoka, who erected one of his commemorative pillars there.
The site is now being developed as a Buddhist pilgrimage
centre, where the archaeological remains associated with the
birth of the Lord Buddha form a central feature.

Robben Island and its prison buildings symbolize the
triumph of the human spirit, of freedom, and of
democracy over oppression.
Spirit and Feeling
Robben Island was used at various times between the
17th and 20th centuries as a prison, a hospital for socially
unacceptable groups and a military base. Its buildings,
particularly those of the late 20th century such as the
maximum security prison for political prisoners, witness
the triumph of democracy and freedom over oppression
and racism.

‒ form and design ?
‒ materials and substance ?
‒ use and function ?
‒ traditions, techniques and management systems ?
‒ location and setting ?
‒ spirit and feeling ?
Shait Gumbad Mosque, Bagerhat

Bhagerhat Shait
Gambuj Mosque
1 Form and design ? √
2 Materials and substance ? √
3 Use and function ? √
4 Location and setting ?
×
5 Spirit and feeling ?
√
Give × / √ where is appropriate

Paharpur
‒ traditions, techniques and management
systems ?

Kantaji Temple
systems ?

Bhawal Rajbari, Gazipur.
systems ?

Thank You
http://icomosbd.org/
Supporting readings:
http://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB18871.pdf
https://archnet.org/publications/10070
https://law.resource.org/pub/bd/bnbc.2012/gov.bd.bnbc.2012.09.03.pdf
http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/print_sections_all.php?id=353

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