Translation studies has gone through four phases of development: from Cicero and Horace translating Greek works into Latin between 46 BC and 1792; the rise of translation as a profession between 1769 and 1946; the development of machine translation and hermeneutic approaches between 1940 and 1960; and a metaphysical approach to translation theory from 1960 onwards. The Romans were early translators who helped spread Greek literature, but focused more on practical translation than creative works, lacking the imagination of later eras. Key Roman translators included Cicero, Horace, Longinus, and Quintilian.

1. History of Translations Studies
Prepared By :- Zindagi Rathod
Sem.- III
Roll no.- 13
Year- 2012-13
Paper no.- 4-C- The Translation Studies

2. Introduction
• Definition
Translation is an essential part of the
literary and cultural history of a Country.

3. 4 phases of Translation
 Cicero and Horace from 46 BC to 1792
 Friedrich to Valery Larbaud from 1769 to
1946
 Machine Translation to hermeneutic
approach from 1940 to 1960
 Metaphysical approach to the present Time
from 1960 onwards.

4. Inventor
• Eric Jacobson - Translation Roman invention
Create imaginative literature
The Romans were more practical
minded, lacked imagination, originality

5. Roman Translators
• Cicero
• Horace
• Longinus
• Quintilian

6. Thanks to all
Sub. To:- Dr. Dilip Barad
Dept. of English
MK Bhavnagar Uni.