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An examination of the spatial
dimensions of pollination
facilitation in an arid ecosystem.
Jenna Braun
Thesis Proposal – 1st Committee Meeting November 16 2016
Positive Interactions
Pollination Facilitation
Mechanisms
 Increased size of co-flowering display
 Increased diversity of floral display
 Pollinator support: Sequential Mutualism/Community Stability
 Magnet species
Magnet Hypothesis
 Presence of a more attractive species increases pollination of
a less attractive species or to a mixed assembly of species
 Predicts that the effect is greater than only increasing floral
abundance
Shrubs and cacti as magnets
Scale
Grain – size of the sampling unit. Can be pixel, focal plant, plot, patch.
Extent – total area over which sampling occurs.
Data vs. model
Do individual interactions matter at larger
scales?
What is the effect of a magnet species on
its neighbours?
Neighborhood? Patch? Landscape?
Landscape
Neighborhood
Plot
Plant
A systematic review contrasting pollinator
facilitation in desert shrubs and cacti.
 Determine support for current hypotheses and identify any
research gaps.
 Is current literature is reporting scale in a meaningful,
replicable way?
CH1
Hypothesis:
Pollinator facilitation neglects scale but the spatial
component of plant-pollinator interactions is an
important research gap.
CH1
Figure 1: PRISMA diagram (Moher et al, 2009) of workflow for pollination facilitation
systematic review.
Papers obtained through database
searching (Web of Science), Keywords:
Pollinat* facilitat* shrub
Pollinat* facilitat* cact*
Pollinat* competit* shrub
Pollinat* competit* cact*
(n = 169)
ScreeningIncludedEligibilityIdentification
Papers obtained from other sources,
such as book chapter bibliographies
Records after duplicates removed
(n = 169)
Records screened by
abstract (n = )
Records excluded for:
Relevance
Review, opinion or idea
paper
Full-text articles assessed
for eligibility
(n = )
Full-text articles excluded:
Not testing facilitation or
competition (n = )
Not testing interspecific
interactions (n = )
Focal species wind-pollinatedInclude in synthesis (n = )
Extract data:
Location
Ecosystem
Experiment type:(manipulative, mensurative)
Hypothesis tested
Relative/Absolute Scale
Number of scales
Scale dependence
CH1
A spatially explicit survey of pollination
facilitation between Mojave Desert perennials
and annuals.
 Does the strength of
pollination facilitation vary with
guild (annual/perennial)?
 How does shrub and cacti
density and spatial distribution
interact to influence pollinator
behavior?
Kelso DunesUC, Riverside http://granite.ucnrs.net/?page_id=869
CH2
 All shrubs and cacti will be georeferenced using high-
resolution GPS, tagged and identified to species.
 Determine a natural replacement series of shrub:cacti
CH2
Phenology
 Floral surveys every 8 -10 daysFloralAbundance
Time
Shrubs
Annuals
Cacti
CH2
Seed Collection:
Shrubs:
3 * 10cm
diameter circle -
mean
Cacti:
3 per cacti – Will
need to weigh
Annuals:
3 seed heads * 3 species per
paired microsite: Microsite
species should match
understory
CH2
Pollen
 As visitation by shared pollinators increases, heterospecific
pollen transfer may also increase
 A “cost” of pollinator sharing
 Can create a pollen transfer network
 Hub donors with positive effects on receivers – magnets
CH2
Predictions:
Cacti will be non-randomly distributed
around shrubs
Association of shrubs with cacti will be
species-specific
Hypothesis:
Shrubs facilitate cacti through stress-amelioration
CH2
 Annuals growing under shrubs or cacti will have greater seed
set and pollen deposition than annuals growing in paired
open site
Hypothesis:
Shrubs facilitate cacti and annual plant
reproduction by attracting shared pollinators.
CH2
Seedset,pollendeposition
Open Understory
Hypothesis: Pollination facilitation shows scale-dependence because
pollinators make different foraging decisions at different scales
Prediction:
 Seed set and pollen transfer to understory and open annuals will
decrease with increasing distance from cacti or shrubs.
CH2
Prediction:
 At small scales higher floral densities will lead to increased
pollinator visits, pollen deposition and seed set but at larger
scales the interaction will change to neutral or negative
CH2
Distance
A contrast of local and regional density
effects on pollinator facilitation.
• How does the density and distribution of shrub-annual complexes
(magnets) affect visitation to low and high densities of annuals?
CH3
Low High
Low High
Annual Density
Shrub Density
4 replicates (1.5 hours) * 4 treatments * 8 days
CH3
PollinatorVisitationRate
Low LowHigh High
Annual Density
Low Shrub Density High Shrub Density
CH3
An examination of the spatial dimensions of pollination facilitation in an arid ecosystem

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An examination of the spatial dimensions of pollination facilitation in an arid ecosystem

  • 1. An examination of the spatial dimensions of pollination facilitation in an arid ecosystem. Jenna Braun Thesis Proposal – 1st Committee Meeting November 16 2016
  • 4. Mechanisms  Increased size of co-flowering display  Increased diversity of floral display  Pollinator support: Sequential Mutualism/Community Stability  Magnet species
  • 5. Magnet Hypothesis  Presence of a more attractive species increases pollination of a less attractive species or to a mixed assembly of species  Predicts that the effect is greater than only increasing floral abundance
  • 6. Shrubs and cacti as magnets
  • 7. Scale Grain – size of the sampling unit. Can be pixel, focal plant, plot, patch. Extent – total area over which sampling occurs. Data vs. model Do individual interactions matter at larger scales? What is the effect of a magnet species on its neighbours? Neighborhood? Patch? Landscape?
  • 9. A systematic review contrasting pollinator facilitation in desert shrubs and cacti.  Determine support for current hypotheses and identify any research gaps.  Is current literature is reporting scale in a meaningful, replicable way? CH1
  • 10. Hypothesis: Pollinator facilitation neglects scale but the spatial component of plant-pollinator interactions is an important research gap. CH1
  • 11. Figure 1: PRISMA diagram (Moher et al, 2009) of workflow for pollination facilitation systematic review. Papers obtained through database searching (Web of Science), Keywords: Pollinat* facilitat* shrub Pollinat* facilitat* cact* Pollinat* competit* shrub Pollinat* competit* cact* (n = 169) ScreeningIncludedEligibilityIdentification Papers obtained from other sources, such as book chapter bibliographies Records after duplicates removed (n = 169) Records screened by abstract (n = ) Records excluded for: Relevance Review, opinion or idea paper Full-text articles assessed for eligibility (n = ) Full-text articles excluded: Not testing facilitation or competition (n = ) Not testing interspecific interactions (n = ) Focal species wind-pollinatedInclude in synthesis (n = ) Extract data: Location Ecosystem Experiment type:(manipulative, mensurative) Hypothesis tested Relative/Absolute Scale Number of scales Scale dependence CH1
  • 12. A spatially explicit survey of pollination facilitation between Mojave Desert perennials and annuals.  Does the strength of pollination facilitation vary with guild (annual/perennial)?  How does shrub and cacti density and spatial distribution interact to influence pollinator behavior? Kelso DunesUC, Riverside http://granite.ucnrs.net/?page_id=869 CH2
  • 13.  All shrubs and cacti will be georeferenced using high- resolution GPS, tagged and identified to species.  Determine a natural replacement series of shrub:cacti CH2
  • 14. Phenology  Floral surveys every 8 -10 daysFloralAbundance Time Shrubs Annuals Cacti CH2
  • 15. Seed Collection: Shrubs: 3 * 10cm diameter circle - mean Cacti: 3 per cacti – Will need to weigh Annuals: 3 seed heads * 3 species per paired microsite: Microsite species should match understory CH2
  • 16. Pollen  As visitation by shared pollinators increases, heterospecific pollen transfer may also increase  A “cost” of pollinator sharing  Can create a pollen transfer network  Hub donors with positive effects on receivers – magnets CH2
  • 17. Predictions: Cacti will be non-randomly distributed around shrubs Association of shrubs with cacti will be species-specific Hypothesis: Shrubs facilitate cacti through stress-amelioration CH2
  • 18.  Annuals growing under shrubs or cacti will have greater seed set and pollen deposition than annuals growing in paired open site Hypothesis: Shrubs facilitate cacti and annual plant reproduction by attracting shared pollinators. CH2 Seedset,pollendeposition Open Understory
  • 19. Hypothesis: Pollination facilitation shows scale-dependence because pollinators make different foraging decisions at different scales Prediction:  Seed set and pollen transfer to understory and open annuals will decrease with increasing distance from cacti or shrubs. CH2
  • 20. Prediction:  At small scales higher floral densities will lead to increased pollinator visits, pollen deposition and seed set but at larger scales the interaction will change to neutral or negative CH2 Distance
  • 21. A contrast of local and regional density effects on pollinator facilitation. • How does the density and distribution of shrub-annual complexes (magnets) affect visitation to low and high densities of annuals? CH3
  • 22. Low High Low High Annual Density Shrub Density 4 replicates (1.5 hours) * 4 treatments * 8 days CH3
  • 23. PollinatorVisitationRate Low LowHigh High Annual Density Low Shrub Density High Shrub Density CH3